Daily TMLR digest for Mar 15, 2025

[TMLR]

New submissions
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Title: Learning Using a Single Forward Pass

Abstract: We propose a learning algorithm to overcome the limitations of a traditional backpropagation in resource-constrained environments: Solo Pass Embedded Learning Algorithm (SPELA). SPELA is equipped with rapid learning capabilities and operates with local loss functions to update weights, significantly saving on resources allocated to the propagation of gradients and storing computational graphs while being sufficiently accurate. Consequently, SPELA can closely match backpropagation with less data, computing, storage, and power. Moreover, SPELA can effectively fine-tune pre-trained image recognition models for new tasks. Further, SPELA is extended with significant modifications to train CNN networks, which we evaluate for equivalent performance on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN 10 datasets. Our results indicate that SPELA can be an ideal candidate for learning in resource-constrained edge AI applications.

URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=EDQ8QOGqjr

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Title: Generalized Out-of-Distribution Detection and Beyond in Vision Language Model Era: A Survey

Abstract: Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial for ensuring the safety of machine learning systems and has shaped the field of OOD detection. Meanwhile, several other problems are closely related to OOD detection, including anomaly detection (AD), novelty detection (ND), open set recognition (OSR), and outlier detection (OD). To unify these problems, a generalized OOD detection framework was proposed, taxonomically categorizing these five problems. However, Vision Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have significantly changed the paradigm and blurred the boundaries between these fields, again confusing researchers. In this survey, we first present a generalized OOD detection v2, encapsulating the evolution of these fields in the VLM era. Our framework reveals that, with some field inactivity and integration, the demanding challenges have become OOD detection and AD. Then, we highlight the significant shift in the definition, problem settings, and benchmarks; we thus feature a comprehensive review of the methodology for OOD detection and related tasks to clarify their relationship to OOD detection. Finally, we explore the advancements in the emerging Large Vision Language Model (LVLM) era, such as GPT-4V. We conclude with open challenges and future directions.

URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=FO3IA4lUEY

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Title: DeblurDiNAT: A Compact Model with Exceptional Generalization and Visual Fidelity on Unseen Domains

Abstract: Recent deblurring networks have effectively restored clear images from the blurred ones. However, they often struggle with generalization to unknown domains. Moreover, these models typically focus on distortion metrics such as PSNR and SSIM, neglecting the critical aspect of metrics aligned with human perception. To address these limitations, we propose DeblurDiNAT, a deblurring Transformer based on Dilated Neighborhood Attention. First, DeblurDiNAT employs an alternating dilation factor paradigm to capture both local and global blurred patterns, enhancing generalization and perceptual clarity. Second, a local cross-channel learner aids the Transformer block to understand the short-range relationships between adjacent channels. Additionally, we present a linear feed-forward network with a simple while effective design. Finally, a dual-stage feature fusion module is introduced as an alternative to the existing approach, which efficiently process multi-scale visual information across network levels. Compared to state-of-the-art models, our compact DeblurDiNAT demonstrates superior generalization capabilities and achieves remarkable performance in perceptual metrics, while maintaining a favorable model size.

URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=zzubCvauSv

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