Subscriber Vs Subscription

[Albina Hickel]

Thepull mode can use one of the two service APIs, Pull or StreamingPull.To run the chosen API, you can select a Google-provided high-level clientlibrary, or a low-level auto-generated client library. You can also choosebetween asynchronous and synchronous message processing.

Most subscriber clients don't make these requests directly. Instead, theclients rely on the Google Cloud-provided high-level client library thatperforms streaming pull requests internally and delivers messagesasynchronously. For a subscriber client that needs greater control over howmessages are pulled, Pub/Sub uses a low-level and automaticallygenerated gRPC library. This library makes pull or streaming pull requestsdirectly. These requests can be synchronous or asynchronous.

The Pub/Sub server responds with zero or more messages andacknowledgment IDs. A response with zero messages or with an error does notnecessarily indicate that there are no messages available to receive. Thisresponse is the PullResponse as shown in the image.

Where possible, the Pub/Sub client libraries useStreamingPull for maximum throughput and lowest latency. Although you might never use theStreamingPull API directly, it's important to know how it differsfrom the Pull API.

The client sends a request to the server to establish a connection.If the connection quota is exceeded, the server returns a resource exhaustederror. The client library retries the out-of-quota errors automatically.

The StreamingPull API keeps an open connection. The Pub/Subservers recurrently close the connection after a time period to avoid along-running sticky connection. The client library automatically reopensa StreamingPull connection.

Using the Pull API does not guarantee low latency and a high throughput ofmessages. To achieve high throughput and low latency with the Pull API, youmust have multiple simultaneous outstanding requests. New requests are createdwhen old requests receive a response. Architecting such a solution iserror-prone and hard to maintain. We recommend that you use the StreamingPullAPI for such use cases.

Asynchronous pull mode decouples the receiving of messages from the processingof messages in a subscriber client. This mode is the default for mostsubscriber clients. Asynchronous pull mode can use the StreamingPull API orunary Pull API. Asynchronous pull can also use the high-level client libraryor low-level auto-generated client library.

In synchronous pull mode, the receiving and processing of messages occur insequence and are not decoupled from each other. Hence, similar toStreamingPull versus unary Pull APIs, asynchronous processing offerslower latency and higher throughput than synchronous processing.

Use synchronous pull mode only for applications where low latency and highthroughput are not the most important factors as compared to some otherrequirements. For example, an application might be limited to using onlythe synchronous programming model. Or, an application with resourceconstraints might require more exact control over memory, network, orCPU. In such cases, use synchronous mode with the unary Pull API.

The high-level client library provides options for controlling theacknowledgment deadlines by using lease management. These options aremore granular than when you configure the acknowledgment deadlines byusing the console or the CLI at the subscription level. The high-level clientlibrary also implements support for features such as ordered delivery,exactly-once delivery, and flow control.

We recommend using asynchronous pull and the StreamingPull API with thehigh-level client library. Not all languages that are supported forGoogle Cloud also support the Pull API in the high-level client library.

A low-level client library is available for cases where you must use thePull API directly. You can use synchronous or asynchronous processing withthe low-level auto-generated client library. You must manually code features such asordered delivery, exactly-once delivery, flow control, and lease managementwhen you use the low-level auto-generated client library.

You can use the synchronous processing model when you use the low-levelauto-generated client library for all supported languages. You might use thelow-level auto-generated client library and synchronous pull in cases whereusing the Pull API directly makes sense. For example, you might have existingapplication logic that relies on this model.

Setting a value for max_messages in the request does not guaranteethat max_messages are returned, even if there are that many messages in thebacklog. The Pub/Sub Pull API might return fewer thanmax_messages in order to reduce the delivery latency for messagesthat are readily available to be delivered.

A pull response that comes with 0 messages must not be used as an indicatorthat there are no messages in the backlog. It's possible to get a responsewith 0 messages and have a subsequent request that returns messages.

To achieve low message delivery latency with the unary pull mode, it'sessential to have many simultaneously outstanding pull requests. Asthe throughput of the topic increases, more pull requests are necessary.In general, the StreamingPull mode is preferable forlatency-sensitive applications.

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