Availabilityzones expands the level of control you have to maintain the availability of the applications and data on your VMs. An Availability Zone is a physically separate zone, within an Azure region. There are three Availability Zones per supported Azure region.
Each Availability Zone has a distinct power source, network, and cooling. By designing your solutions to use replicated VMs in zones, you can protect your apps and data from the loss of a data center. If one zone is compromised, then replicated apps and data are instantly available in another zone.
Regional resources may or may not exist in an Availability zone, and there is no insight into what physical or logical zone a regional resource is in. A failure in any of the availability zones in a region has the potential to bring down a regional VM.
Azure virtual machine scale sets let you create and manage a group of load balanced VMs. The number of VM instances can automatically increase or decrease in response to demand or a defined schedule. Scale sets provide high availability to your applications, and allow you to centrally manage, configure, and update many VMs. There is no cost for the scale set itself, you only pay for each VM instance that you create.
Virtual machines in a scale set can also be deployed into multiple availability zones, a single availability zone, or regionally. Availability zone deployment options may differ based on the orchestration mode.
An availability set is a logical grouping of VMs that allows Azure to understand how your application is built to provide for redundancy and availability. We recommended that two or more VMs are created within an availability set to provide for a highly available application and to meet the 99.95% Azure SLA. There is no cost for the Availability Set itself, you only pay for each VM instance that you create.
Combine the Azure Load Balancer with availability zones and scale sets to get the most application resiliency. The Azure Load Balancer distributes traffic between multiple virtual machines. For our Standard tier virtual machines, the Azure Load Balancer is included. Not all virtual machine tiers include the Azure Load Balancer. For more information about load balancing your virtual machines, see the Load Balancer quickstarts using the CLI or PowerShell.
Azure Storage always stores multiple copies of your data so that it is protected from planned and unplanned events, including transient hardware failures, network or power outages, and massive natural disasters. Redundancy ensures that your storage account meets its availability and durability targets even in the face of failures.
When deciding which redundancy option is best for your scenario, consider the tradeoffs between lower costs and higher availability. The factors that help determine which redundancy option you should choose include:
As an organization you need to adopt a business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR) strategy that keeps your data safe, and your apps and workloads online, when planned and unplanned outages occur.
Azure Site Recovery helps ensure business continuity by keeping business apps and workloads running during outages. Site Recovery replicates workloads running on physical and virtual machines (VMs) from a primary site to a secondary location. When an outage occurs at your primary site, you fail over to secondary location, and access apps from there. After the primary location is running again, you can fail back to it.
I want to assign two new interfaces - one for the extra DMZ required, and one for the additional Internet link - and use a different VR to link these two interfaces, with the default route for this pair or ports point to the 'new" internet link rather than my normal "default" route - however, I also want machines from my normal "inside" interface to be able to access devices in this DMZ.
So you can put a physical/logical interface from the new virtual router into the LAN and have routes to that IP for the new DMZ. This interface would be on the same subnet, but different IP, to the other interface already in this LAN.
In this tour, you will learn about the Propylaia, Temple of Athena Nike, Parthenon, Bronze Statue of Athena Promachos, Erechtheion, and the Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus. Your guide will be Prof. Jenifer Neils, Project Director of Athens Reborn and Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
The monuments of the Giza Plateau are the most iconic and fascinating remnants of ancient Egyptian civilization. The massive pyramids and the enigmatic Sphinx, built in the third millennium BCE by the pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, are justly famous around the world for their extraordinary scale, complex design, and profound religious meaning, which have enthralled visitors since at least the fifth century BCE.
In this tour Flyover Zone takes you to the magnificent Karnak Temple Complex in Luxor, Egypt to explore the Red Chapel, the home of the ceremonial boat used to transport the sacred image of the god Amun in the fifteenth century before our era.
Ramesses VI, the fifth pharaoh of the 20th Dynasty, reigned for eight years in the mid-twelfth century BCE. His tomb is considered to be one of the most beautiful in the Valley of the Kings, the royal necropolis of ancient Egypt during the period known as the New Kingdom (about 1300-1100 BCE).
Flyover Zone takes you on a virtual tour of the South Theater in Hadrian's Villa. Located today on private property not open to the public, the South Theater was a gem of Roman art and architecture.
Built in the astonishingly short span of just 5 years (211-216 CE), the bathing complex sponsored by the emperor Caracalla was one of the marvels of ancient Rome due to its sophisticated engineering and lavish decoration.
Travel back in time and experience a unique aerial tour of the entire city of ancient Rome as it appeared in the fourth century of our era. See the great monuments, like the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, the Imperial palace, and the Baths of Caracalla.
The Pantheon is the best-preserved ancient structure in Rome and an icon of the Eternal City's millennial history. This express tour explores its history and function, the principles of its design and construction, and the reasons for its remarkable survival.
Studies to improve the efficacy of epilepsy surgery have focused on better refining the localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) with the aim of effectively resecting it. However, in a considerable number of patients, EZs are distributed across multiple brain regions and may involve eloquent areas that cannot be removed due to the risk of neurological complications. There is a clear need for developing alternative approaches to induce seizure relief, but minimal impact on normal brain functions. Here, we develop a personalized in-silico network approach, that suggests effective and safe surgical interventions for each patient. Based on the clinically identified EZ, we employ modularity analysis to identify target brain regions and fiber tracts involved in seizure propagation. We then construct and simulate a patient-specific brain network model comprising phenomenological neural mass models at the nodes, and patient-specific structural brain connectivity using the neuroinformatics platform The Virtual Brain (TVB), in order to evaluate effectiveness and safety of the target zones (TZs). In particular, we assess safety via electrical stimulation for pre- and post-surgical condition to quantify the impact on the signal transmission properties of the network. We demonstrate the existence of a large repertoire of efficient surgical interventions resulting in reduction of degree of seizure spread, but only a small subset of them proves safe. The identification of novel surgical interventions through modularity analysis and brain network simulations may provide exciting solutions to the treatment of inoperable epilepsies.
We propose a personalized in-silico surgical approach able to suggest effective and safe surgical options for each epilepsy patient. In particular, we focus on deriving effective alternative methods for those cases where EZs are inoperable because of issues related with neurological complications. Based on modularity analysis using structural brain connectivity from each patient, TZs that would be considered as surgical sites are obtained. The acquired TZs are evaluated by personalized brain network simulations in terms of effectiveness and safety. Through the feedback approach combining modularity analysis and brain network simulations, the optimized TZ options that minimize seizure propagation while not affecting normal brain functions are obtained. Our study has a great importance in that it demonstrates the possibility of computational neuroscience field being able to construct a paradigm for personalized medicine by deriving innovative surgical options suitable for each patient and predicting the surgical outcomes.
Copyright: 2019 An et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: Patient data cannot be made available publicly, because of data protection concerns. Data are available from the AMU Institutional Data Access / Ethics Committee (contact via Aurlie Ponz,
aureli...@univ-amu.fr) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is defined by the occurrence of repetitive unexpected seizures. The epileptic seizures, characterized as abnormal synchronization of neural activities, originate in a specific brain region and propagate to other regions through inter-regional structural interactions, i.e., individual brain connectome, and produce various ictal symptoms depending on the recruited brain regions.
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