Auxilio Social

[Janita Locklin]

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We also know that the worst years of hunger (1939-1942 and 1946) constituted a real famine. During those years, the purchasing power of the population fell drastically: there are records of many deaths from starvation. It has been estimated that in the period 1939-1944 alone 200,000 people died directly or indirectly from starvation.

Neither the black bread provided by rationing nor the watery broths provided by social support, which could be obtained after waiting for hours in long queues, guaranteed survival. Women began to create substitutes to replace products they could neither find nor afford, such as chocolate, which was replaced by carob chocolate, or coffee, for which roasted barley was used instead.

They also devised ingenious culinary concoctions with the scarce ingredients available. They cooked herbs plucked directly from the fields or domestic animals such as cats, even though their consumption was not culturally accepted.

In recent years, research in the fields of anthropology, anthropometry and history have highlighted the cultural dimension of hunger, the pernicious effects of malnutrition on the height of Spaish youth, the prolongation of misery in the 1950s, the peculiarities surrounding the memory of hunger or the role played by post-war women in devising resourceful strategies to cope with famine. These aspects are central to the touring exhibition, La hambruna silenciada.

Auxilio Social va ser una organitzaci de socors humanitari constituda durant la Guerra Civil espanyola a la zona revoltada, fundada per Mercedes Sanz-Bachiller, vdua d'Onsimo Redondo, que al seu torn va ser un dels fundadors de les Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (JONS). Originalment, l'organitzaci va rebre el nom d'Auxilio de Inverno, seguint el model d'altres organitzacions similars com el Winterhilfswerk de l'Alemanya Nazi.[1][2] Auxilio Social va tenir un important paper durant els primers anys de la Dictadura franquista, encara que poc desprs de la seva fundaci va quedar englobat dins de la Secci Femenina de la Falange.

A mesura que les tropes franquistes avanaven en els fronts anaven acompanyades d'una secci d'Auxilio Social, amb l'encrrec de repartir menjar entre la poblaci que s'acabava de conquistar. A partir del 19 de desembre de 1936 van comenar a funcionar les "Cocinas de Hermandad" dedicades a l'atenci d'aturats i ancians. Al cap d'un any de la seva creaci Auxilio Social constava ja amb 711 menjadors i 158 cuines. L'any 1939 el nombre de menjadors s'elevava a 2.487 i 1.561 cuines. Auxilio Social va crixer enormement durant i desprs de la guerra.Desprs del repartiment de menjar, Auxilio Social es va ocupar d'obrir centres per a nens i "Casas de la Madre", que eren menjadors per embarassades i centres de maternologia. Ms tard van crear les llars-bressol infantils i escolars per atendre a nens i nenes abandonats o orfes. Desprs van seguir les llars professionals i d'estudis superiors i les residncies separades per sexes per rebre l'educaci adequada a l'ideari del nacionalcatolicisme.

Passats els anys 1940, Auxilio Social es va quedar com una instituci ms d'assistncia social dins del Rgim. Desprs de la mort de Franco i el comenament de la Transici, en 1976 Auxilio Social va passar a dependre de l'Institut d'Assistncia Social del Ministeri de Governaci.

Les vies de finanament van ser variades. Les postulacions es van iniciar al desembre de 1936, amb una periodicitat quinzenal. Es comprava un emblema en dues versions de diferent preu, 0,30 i 1 pesseta. De la seva venda s'encarregaven les dones de la Secci Femenina, primer, i del Servei Social Femen desprs. Els emblemes eren pblicament exhibits i la seva negativa a fer-ho donava lloc a la publicaci de la notcia en la premsa local.[3]

La "Ficha Azul" era una subscripci, en principi voluntria, creada en els primers mesos de 1937. Entitats pbliques i persones ben situades es comprometien a lliurar una quantitat fixa tots els mesos. La Ficha Azul es va reconixer oficialment mitjanant una Ordre de 10 de mar de 1937; es donava aix estatus de legalitat a una recaptaci que fins al moment no havia estat vista amb molt bons ulls per part de la una poblaci, que la considerava com una imposici falangista. El carcter voluntari aviat va desaparixer i els mtodes de captaci voluntria es van transformar en un mecanisme de coacci econmica. El nom dels subscriptors es feia pblic a la premsa. Els governadors civils s'encarregaven d'evitar que la seva recaptaci disminus, ats que el descens seria considerat com una desafecci cap al rgim. Quan es produa una negativa a contribuir, la identitat dels desafecte es feia publica a la premsa local. A vegades, els governadors civils, quan la recaptaci baixava a la provncia, van imposar multes de gran quantia, publicant en la premsa local les identitats dels quals havien sofert la imposici i les circumstncies en les quals s'havia produt la negativa a contribuir econmicament.

A bolsa auxlio social, oferecida pela parceria entre Santander e UNICAMP, proporciona auxlio aos discentes para garantir, diretamente, a sua permanncia em sala de aula e, indiretamente, a continuidade de seus estudos.

Destinada aos alunos de idade igual ou superior a 16 (dezesseis) anos, regularmente matriculados na 1 ou 2 srie dos cursos tcnicos integrados ao ensino mdio ou na 1 srie dos cursos tcnicos concomitantes/subsequentes ao ensino mdio e com renda per capita familiar de at 1,5 salrio mnimo.

As inscries para esta modalidade de bolsa seguem calendrio previamente divulgado. Para se inscrever necessria a leitura do edital, o preenchimento do formulrio abaixo e o formulrio disponvel na Plataforma Becas Santander.

As the painful history of babies stolen from their families during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco continues to unfold in Spain, the role of social services has come under the spotlight. In October 2018, a former doctor was found guilty for his part in the scandal, but escaped punishment, and a recent documentary film, The Silence of Others, has shed fresh light on the ongoing struggle for justice by those affected.

In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War (1936-9) and the subsequent defeat of the republican forces, Franco created a sophisticated and extensive system aimed at the ideological and political control of the population. It was based on two main pillars. The first was the ruthless suppression of socialist ideology, mostly through the incarceration and coercion of left-wing citizens. The second was the creation of an ideal type of Spanish family.

In pursuit of both these goals, associations for victims estimate that up to 300,000 newborn babies of left-wing and working-class families were illegally removed from their parents and given for adoption to mostly middle-class nationalist families. This practice continued well into the 1970s.

Once again, manipulating and reshaping the institution of the nuclear family was deemed to be the gold standard of social policy and social work. Meanwhile, throughout much of the 20th century, social workers in South Africa readily adopted the practices of racial separation culminating in the creation of Apartheid.

Irena Sendler, a Polish-Jewish social worker, saved nearly 2,500 children from the Warsaw Ghetto between 1940 and 1943. And as the war engulfed most of Europe and North Africa, the Red Aid, a vast anti-fascist welfare network, mobilised thousands of social workers and other professionals around the world to develop services caring for refugees, political activists and orphaned children.

The profession has an obligation to explore, appreciate and learn from these historical injustices. Communities that have suffered from institutional racism, violence and segregation in the context of social services should have a prominent role in the process of exploring this history. The stories of those affected need to be told and their traumatic experiences must inform meaningful change in policy and professional practice in the 21st century.

Social work cannot celebrate its achievements, progress and commitment to social justice while neglecting its own troubled past. Reaffirming such commitment would require social work to offer an apology to communities affected by historical injustices and set up a global truth and reconciliation commission.

The main aims of such a commission would be to empower communities of survivors to tell their stories and provide a safe space for healing. It should also reaffirm that the profession is based around human rights and collectively articulate a vision for truly universal and democratic social services.

O presidente do Senado, Rodrigo Pacheco (Democratas-MG), conduziu, na manh desta tera-feira (9), a primeira Reunio de Lderes sob sua gesto. O encontro reuniu de forma remota os lderes de bancada e blocos da Casa. A elaborao de um novo programa de assistncia social para socorrer os brasileiros mais prejudicados pela pandemia foi a tnica da reunio. O movimento de retorno de auxlio financeiro liderado por Pacheco e pelo presidente da Cmara, Arthur Lira (PP-AL) no Congresso.

"O colgio de lderes unnime em reconhecer que urgente e necessrio um auxlio social a fim de socorrer os mais vulnerveis. Aproveitando o bom momento com o governo federal, vou levar esse sentimento de todo o colegiado, que de sensibilidade humana, de apoio aos mais vulnerveis, ao ministro Paulo Guedes. H ideias e formas para esse socorro, seja a reedio do auxlio emergencial, seja a criao de um mecanismo anlogo", explicou o presidente do Senado em vdeo, aps o encontro.

Os parlamentares tambm definiram a agenda dos trabalhos legislativos para fevereiro. Rodrigo Pacheco confirmou a instalao da Comisso Mista de Planos, Oramentos Pblicos e Fiscalizao (CMO), que estava inicialmente prevista para esta tera-feira e que, em decorrncia do luto oficial de 24 horas, decretado em homenagem ao falecimento do senador Jos Maranho (MDB-PB), ficou para a manh desta quarta-feira (10), s 10h. Pelo mesmo motivo, a prxima sesso deliberativa do Senado acontecer amanh, s 16 horas.

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