Line of Duty is a British police procedural and serial drama created by Jed Mercurio and produced by World Productions for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It first began broadcasting on BBC Two on 26 June 2012. The programme performed well and was quickly commissioned for additional series that aired in 2014 and 2016. After becoming the highest-rated series on BBC Two in 10 years, Line of Duty was promoted to BBC One beginning with the fourth series in 2017 and fifth in 2019, securing commissions through a sixth series, which concluded on 2 May 2021, after the programme had aired a total of 36 episodes.
The series stars Martin Compston, Vicky McClure, and Adrian Dunbar, among others. It revolves around Anti-Corruption Unit 12 (AC-12), a team inside a fictional police force tasked with "policing the police". Mercurio originally pitched the series to BBC One in 2011 but was turned down and directed towards BBC Two. It ultimately transferred to BBC One after the two networks were restructured. Mercurio wrote the entirety of the series, directing some episodes, as well as performing as producer and executive producer. Filming of the first series took place in Birmingham, England before moving to Belfast, Northern Ireland for the remainder of the programme. Simon Heath, Stephen Wright, and Tommy Bulfin are additional executive producers of the show which was also produced with Northern Ireland Screen and BBC Northern Ireland.
Line of Duty has secured an international cult following despite complications with international distribution rights. The series has been praised by many critics, although it received some criticism for its conclusion of a long story arc. It set viewership records and became the highest-rated drama in the UK since 2002. The programme has been the subject of several accolades including multiple nominations for British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) awards. Following the sixth series, the future of the programme has remained uncertain.
Line of Duty follows DS Steve Arnott, an authorised firearms officer who is transferred to Anti-Corruption Unit 12 (AC-12) after refusing to agree to cover up an unlawful shooting by his own team. At AC-12 Arnott is partnered with DC Kate Fleming, a highly commended undercover officer with a keen investigative instinct. They work under the supervision of Superintendent Ted Hastings, uncovering corruption within the fictional Central Police. Throughout the series, AC-12 investigate seemingly disparate cases involving seemingly corrupt police officers such as DCI Tony Gates (series one), DI Lindsay Denton (series two), Sergeant Danny Waldron, DI Matthew Cottan, DCI Roseanne Huntley (series four), undercover officer DS John Corbett (series five), and DCI Joanne Davidson (series six).
AC-12 realises the pervasive nature of corruption and the police's deep-rooted links to an organised crime group. A long-running story arc revolves around discovering the identity of "H", a corrupt person or persons of senior rank within the police force who are instrumental in running organised crime.
Series creator and producer Jed Mercurio stated that he wanted to create something different to other programmes, and viewed the series as a "revisionist commentary on 21st-century policing".[2] The series is produced by World Productions.[3] Mercurio originally pitched it to BBC One, which turned him down, believing it too "problematic for mainstream audiences", and directed him toward BBC Two,[4] which commissioned the series nine months later.[5] A second series was commissioned by the BBC on 25 July 2012.[6] Mercurio became an executive producer from the second series onwards, alongside Simon Heath for World Productions and Stephen Wright for BBC Northern Ireland.[7] Tommy Bulfin replaced Wright for the fifth and sixth series.[8][9] A third and fourth series were commissioned in April 2014,[10] followed by a fifth in May 2016.[11] At the time of the fifth series renewal, it was announced that future editions of the programme, including the fourth, would move from BBC Two to BBC One.[12][13] This decision came after the series's high viewing figures and a restructuring of the networks.[14] Five days after broadcast transmission concluded on the fourth, Line of Duty was commissioned for a sixth series.[15] In 2020 a special mini-episode was produced in support of Sport Relief.[16] The special was promoted as a "deleted scene" from the fifth series and starred Compston, McClure, and Dunbar along with Jason Isaacs and Lee Mack.[17]
A long running story arc is the unknown identity of "H", a suspected corrupt police officer believed to be the highest connection to the organised crime group.[18] Despite not introducing this storyline until the end of the third series,[19] Mercurio stated that he had crafted it from the beginning, and purposefully gave multiple characters names beginning with "H" so he could re-craft portions of the story if needed.[20] He added that this also allowed him to intentionally mislead viewers.[21] Mercurio wrote many characters to be morally grey so that they would feel more relatable.[22] He attributed this to his belief that the world is "more complicated" than good versus evil.[23] Mercurio also frequently kills off key characters to keep the audience engaged.[24][25] Some of the storylines have been loosely based on true stories.[26] The opening scene of the programme featured the shooting death of a man mistaken to be a suicide bomber, this was credited to the 2005 police shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes in which a man was incorrectly believed to be part of bombings in London.[27] Additionally the story surrounding the Sands View Boys' Home in the third series included references to the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal.[28] The BBC was initially uncomfortable at mention of Savile and wished to exclude it, but were persuaded by Mercurio to keep it.[22] The series six murder of Gail Vella was based on the 2017 assassination of journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia.[29] This series also featured an 18-month time jump from the conclusion of the fifth.[30] Many of the colloquialisms that Hastings uses were inspired by Mercurio's Italian father and Dunbar's Irish dad.[31] Mercurio opted not to incorporate COVID-19 into the programme as four episodes of the sixth series had already been filmed when lockdown, face mask, and social distancing guidelines were introduced and it would have been too expensive to re-film.[21]
Leading the main cast across the six series are Martin Compston and Vicky McClure, who portrayed Steve Arnott and Kate Fleming respectively, two officers in AC-12.[32] Adrian Dunbar also appeared in the first series in a supporting role as Ted Hastings, and was promoted to the main cast beginning with the second series.[33] Each series features an additional actor as part of the main cast who portrays a police officer who is being investigated by AC-12.[34] These roles were performed by Lennie James in series one,[35] Keely Hawes in series two,[36] Daniel Mays in the third series,[37] Thandie Newton in series four,[38] Stephen Graham in series five,[39] and Kelly Macdonald in the sixth and final series.[40] Craig Parkinson also held a supporting role in the first series and joined the main cast for the second and third.[41][42][43] Parkinson originally auditioned for the role of Arnott but ultimately portrayed Matthew Cottan.[44] Mercurio also decided to bring Hawes back for the third series as a result of her character's positive reception, and made changes to the script.[45] Mercurio killed off both Parkinson's and Hawes's characters at the conclusion of the third series.[45] Despite this, Parkinson filmed new footage for flashback scenes in the fourth and fifth series.[46] Jessica Raine and Jason Watkins each appeared briefly in the second and fourth series, respectively, and were both credited within the main cast.[47][48] Anna Maxwell Martin was also featured as part of the starring cast in the fifth and sixth series, but only appeared in the latter portion of each series.[49]
Peter Anderson designed Line of Duty's opening title sequence.[50] From series two onwards Maggie Donnelly worked as the costume designer.[51] She gave Hawes lower-end outfits to reflect "reflect how far [Denton] had sunk in her grief", but also included power suits to show where "she would have been in her career if fate hadn't dealt her that hand".[52] Other outfits included pieces from high-end designers, such as A.P.C., Marks & Spencer, and Tommy Hilfiger for McClure, Theory for Newton, and ME+EM for both Macdonald and McClure.[51][52] Compston regularly wears three-piece suits and his character became notable for the waistcoats.[53] Compston attributed this idea to a friend's experience working in a call centre.[54]
In series six, the Hillside Lane police station was built inside a former school. Gillian Devenney was the series's producion designer. She designed Davidson's apartment with "minimalist dcor and cool tones" to illustrate it as a lonely place, while Buckells's office was expected to show his "shallowness and lack of commitment to his career". The older design of the police headquarters contrasted with the modern appearance of AC-12's offices.[50] The interrogation room was described as a glass box due to its large windows instead of walls.[55] This room originally existed on location but had to be replicated on a sound stage during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was built with no roof to allow for ventilation.[56]
Principal photography for the first series began in August 2011.[57] Five hour-long episodes were directed by David Caffrey and Douglas Mackinnon.[41] It was filmed over 11 weeks in Birmingham and utilised two cameras.[58] The setting was later changed to the Midlands on the advice of the BBC.[59] For the second series, filming moved to Belfast and began in mid-2013.[60] The six episodes were split into two filming blocks with Mackinnon returning to direct the first block of episodes and Daniel Nettheim directing the second.[61] The headquarters of Invest Northern Ireland doubled as Anti-Corruption Unit 12's office building while the exterior of Belfast Central Library served as the police headquarters' facade.[62] Filming for the third series began in March 2015.[63][64] Michael Kellior directed the first three episodes while John Strickland directed the final three.[65] Locations included BT Riverside Tower, McHugh's Bar and Belfast City Hall.[66] Fourth series filming took place from 29 August to 16 December 2016.[67] Mercurio directed the first two episodes of the fourth series[67] and Strickland returned to direct the final four.[68] Up to 20 hours of footage can be taken to create just 20 minutes of episodic content for the series.[69] Series five was directed by Strickland and Sue Tully,[70] with filming occurring between 3 September and 21 December 2018.[71] For the final series, Nettheim returned to direct alongside newcomers Gareth Bryn and Jennie Darnell.[72] Filming began in February 2020, but was halted in March due to the coronavirus.[73] It later resumed production in August and concluded on 23 November.[74]
7fc3f7cf58