Yellow Circles Forza Horizon 5
Harriet Wehrenberg
November 17 took its name from the date of an uprising of a group of students at the Polytechnical School in Athens in 1973. The student uprising was crushed by the Greek Military Junta (1967-1974) led by Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos, who had seized dictatorial powers in the coup dtat of 1967. The 17-N group was founded in 1975, one year after the fall of the military junta. Their first act of terrorism was the assassination of Richard Welch, the head of the CIA bureau in Athens. Over 21 people were later added to the murder and kill list of 17-N, including American, British and Turkish diplomats as well as Greek policemen, businessmen and politicians.
The group was dismantled with the help of an international task force led by Scotland Yard in 2002. The leaders of the group were Alexandre Giotopoulos, arrested in 2002 on the Island of Lipsos, and Dimitris Koufondinas, known as "the man with a thousand faces," who surrendered to police the same year.
In 1932, a right-wing Irish organization, first called the Army Comrades Association (ACA), then the National Guard, and eventually merged into the Fine Gael Party, was started by Thomas F. O'Higgins and "General" Eoin O'Duffy, who where the first two leaders. Because the membership wore "St. Patricks blue," (sky blue) shirts, they soon became more popularly known by their nickname of "The Blueshirts." The Blueshirts, at least on the surface, appeared to be the Irish equivalent of the German Brownshirts or Italian Blackshirts; they wore paramilitary-style uniforms, greeted each other with Roman salutes, and participated in street violence and fights, usually against the IRA. Although they didn't seem to completely follow Fascist doctrine and didn't engage in political terrorism, the Blueshirts were declared an extremist and illegal organization by the Irish government.
After the banning in 1933, the National Guard has merged into the newly founded Fine Gael party, with O'Duffy as its first president who, after serious disagreements with other party leaders, resigned in 1934 and left to form the National Corporate Party, an openly Fascist organization nicknamed the "Greenshirts", in 1935. Only a minority of former Blueshirts followed him; most of them remained in the Fine Gael, which soon distanced itself from the extremism and evolved into a modern party of the center-right, participating in several coalition governments, including the current one (2011-present). O'Duffy later led Irish volunteers to aid the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1937) and had contacts with the Third Reich until his death in 1944, but his "Greenshirt" party was defunct by the end of 1937. The actual flag the Greenshirts used is currently unknown, although one undocumented source indicates they simply used the traditional Saint Patrick's Cross/Saltire Flag.
The Blueshirts flag, later also used briefly by the Fine Gael Party, was charged with the red saltire of St. Patrick on a field of light sky blue, the same color as used on the Blueshirts uniforms. Contemporary black and white photos clearly show flags with dark saltire on a light field that match their shirts, which were worn with dark ties, trousers and caps. The surviving Blueshirts' uniforms confirm the use of the light sky blue.
Antifaschistische Aktion, an umbrella organization for militant anti-fascists in Germany, was formed in 1932. It was sometimes called "Antifa". Although it did not survive the war, local anti-fascist committees were formed across Germany, typically by veterans of this organization, as Nazi rule crumbled in 1944, under the name "Antifa".[1] These anti-fascist committees often included communists, social democrats, and progressive Christians.[2]
The modern Germany movement most commonly associated with anti-fascism originated in the late 1980s, growing out of West Germany's squatter scene and autonomism movement.[5] This movement ultimately has its origins in the student-based Auerparlamentarische Opposition and the values associated with the new social movements. Unlike the 1930s Antifaschistische Aktion, which was linked to the Communist Party of Germany, concerned with industrial working-class politics against Hitler's NSDAP, the late 1980s and early 1990s "autonomists" were instead independent "anti-authoritarian" Libertarian Marxists and anarcho-communists, not associated with any particular party. It was after German reunification in 1990, that most of the Antifa groups were formed.
In the 2010s, self-described antifa groups have become increasingly active in Western Europe and North America. These loose collectives first arose in the early 2010s in response to growing nationalism in countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, and France.
Legionary Action, popularly referred to as "The Black Shirts," is a fascist political organization in Peru founded on January 5, 2013. They trace their beginnings back to 1931 and the founding of the Revolutionary Union, a Peruvian political party founded by Luis Miguel Snchez Cerro, the Brigade General of the Army of Peru. After Cerro's death it was led by Luis Alberto Flores Medina who has continued to followed Cerro's political philosophy. The modern AL's leaders include Lucio Rovegno, the paramount chief and highest authority of the organization and Enzo Fernandez Ciotola, who is the National leader of the Section of Press and Propaganda of Legionary Action.
The AL is characterized by its opposition to liberalism and communism, and regards the current government as decadent and corrupt. Under the slogan "neither left nor right", they support "Peruvian fascism" (National Corporatism), which is a political, economic and social doctrine that seeks to "...rebuild the nationality through a social discipline and spiritual awareness, the harmonization of social classes and the corporate organization of the State." (i.e. a Fascist Dictatorship)
The Alternative for Germany (Alternative fr Deutschland, AfD) is a right-wing political party in Germany, founded in February of 2013 by Bernd Lucke, Frauke Petry and Konrad Adam. In the same year the AfD founded a youth organization called the "Young Alternative for Germany" (Junge Alternative fr Deutschland or JA), although not closely associating with its activities. The AfD is added to these extremist pages as a good example of how a right-wing political movement can become associated with extremist views and policies.
The Afd began as a center-right conservative party of the middle class supporting a mild Euroscepticism (opposition to the European Union), against Germany using the Euro currency, against any economic bail out for countries such as Greece, and were opposed gay marriage. However the party soon became a magnet that attracted extremist, such as former members of National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD), and saw a shift to the extreme right with focus on issues such as anti-migration, Islam and strengthening ties to Russia. In May of 2015, Lucke and his followers left to found a new party, the Alliance for Progress and Renewal, citing the rise of xenophobic and pro-Russian sentiments in the party as the reason. After months of factional infighting Frauke Petry became the principal speaker.
In 2016, Petry suggested several times in public shooting refugees at the borders to Germany and the AfD has since adopted a policy platform based upon opposition to Islam, calling for the ban of all Islamic symbols including burkhas, minarets and the call to prayer, using the slogan "Islam is not a part of Germany". Other party leadership has been guity of posting anti-Semitic comments on Facebook, and has been closely associated with PEGIDA (Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the West). The AfD's voiced desire to break with consensus-based politics and opposion to using politically correct terminology (claiming it undermines freedom of speech), does make it seem like much of the party has become a mouthpiece for right-wing populism in Germany.
In March of 2016, a NSDAP-style banner was displayed by the party in Magdeburg, and although unofficial, it has not helped the AfD's overall image. Their blue and white official Party Flag does appear far less extremist in nature.
American Front was founded in San Francisco, California in 1984, which now makes it one of the longest continuously running white supremacist groups in the USA. Its founder was Bob Heick who loosely modeled the AF after the British National Front. Beside California, it has been active mainly in Oregon and Florida.
Its logo is a combination of Celtic cross and monogram AF, the latter often highlighted by using a different color (white over a gray Celtic cross, all on black field), but may also be conjoined into a single shape, which is how it is depicted on the flag, in light gray (perhaps meant to represent silver) on black field.
There are probably as many different kinds of Anarchist Movements as there are different ideologies or traditions in most normal societies. The term "anarchism" is basically used by people who want to abolish the government, abolish capitalism, abolish violence, abolish technology, abolish large-scale production, or abolish as existing society as whole. They seek to overturn, by violence if necessary, all constituted forms and institutions of society and government, with no plans for establishing any other system of order in the place of that destroyed. Basically, an anarchist is a person who promotes disorder or revolt against any established rule, law, or custom.
These flags are examples of hundreds of flags used by a wide variety of Anarchist movements world-wide. The generic ones can be found with a large variety of defacements, usually with white lettering, messages, or emblems.
The flag of the Youth International Party (late 1960s-early 1970s) is an especially interesting combination: black field for anarchy, red star of socialism, and green Marijuana leaves. Not surprising since the party leaders were Abby Hoffman and Jerry Rubin.
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