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Nurit Dardon
Plant secondary metabolites such as the flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides that are found widespread in medicinal plants have been extensively studied for their anti-diabetic activity [14,15,16,17]. The flavonoids like quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and genistein have been found to protect pancreatic B-cells from damage, stimulate insulin secretion from B-cells, promote glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues, inhibit alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, as well as promote glycogenesis [14]. Flavonoids have also been shown to have beneficial effects against diabetic complications such as diabetes-related cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, and retinopathy. Similarly, the terpenoids oleanolic acid, corosolic acid, betulinic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and gymnemic acid; the alkaloids berberine, catharanthine, vindoline, cryptolepine and trigonelline as well as polysaccharides isolated from tea, mulberry, ginseng, pumpkin, peach-gum, and guava have shown a diverse range of anti-diabetic effects in vitro and in vivo [15,16,17].
In vivo two-photon live imaging showing high level of Ca2+ flashes in GCaMP6+BFP+HER2+KPP tumours implanted in nude mice reconstituted with TdTomato+ T cells and treated with TDB (anti-HER2/anti-CD3) to force tumour cell killing by T cells (related to Extended Data Fig. 6f).
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