Hi, Andrew —
You've probably noticed tiddlers can have custom fields. You can add a field by filling in the "field name" and "field value" boxes at the bottom of a tiddler while in edit view and clicking the "add" button.
You could create a field named "caption" and give it a value of 5-HTB,,1B,,. Now, in tables of contents and in tab titles, you'll see 5-HTB with the 1B displayed as a subscript. If you like to the tiddler, you'll still use it's name, as typed into the name field, but most everywhere else in TiddlyWiki, you'll see it identified by the formatted name you entered in the "caption" field.
You can one step further by opening the shadow tiddler $:/core/ui/ViewTemplate/title and editing this bit:
<$transclude field="caption"><$view field="title"/></$transclude>
That will make the tiddler
itself (in view mode) show the "caption" value in its header, rather than it's
actual (formatting-free) name. For tiddlers with no "caption" field value, the actual title will be shown as a fallback value. (The code above tells TW to display the tiddler title but, if a caption is present, to display the caption instead.)
You'll still see the tiddler's actual name in edit mode, and you'll need to link to it and refer to it by its actual name — but everywhere it's listed or shown, you'll see the formatted version of its name from the "caption" field.
It's a pretty handy feature! :)