Tibet
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home to the indigenous Tibetan people, and to some other ethnic groups
such as Monpas and Lhobas, and is inhabited by considerable numbers of
Han and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on earth, with an
average elevation of 4,900 metres (16,000 ft). It is sometimes
referred to as the roof of the world.[1]
During Tibet's history, it has existed as a region of separate
sovereign areas, a single independent entity[2] and as a vassal under
Chinese suzerainty or sovereignty. Tibet was first unified under King
Songtsän Gampo in the 7th century. At various times from the 1640s
until 1950s, a government nominally headed by the Dalai Lamas, a line
of spiritual political leaders, ruled a large portion of the Tibetan
region. During some of this period, the Tibetan administration was
subordinate to the Chinese empire of the Qing Dynasty.
Tibet Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China
Historic Tibet as claimed by Tibetan exile groups
Tibetan areas as designated by the People's Republic of China
Chinese-controlled areas claimed by India as part of Aksai Chin
Indian administrated areas claimed by China as part of Tibet
Other areas historically within Tibetan cultural sphere
In 1913 the 13th Dalai Lama expelled Qing's representatives and troops
from what is now the Tibet Autonomous Region.[3] While the expulsion
was seen as an assertion of Tibetan autonomy,[4] Tibet's proclaimed
independence was not accepted by the government of China, nor did
Tibet receive foreign diplomatic recognition[5] and in 1945 China's
sovereignty over Tibet was not questioned by the United Nations.[6]
Following a decisive invasion and battle at Chamdo in 1950, the
Communist Party of China gained control of the region of Kham to the
West of the Upper Yangtze River. The next year the 14th Dalai Lama and
his government signed the Seventeen Point Agreement. In 1959, he
together with a group of Tibetan leaders and followers fled to India
and set up the Government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamshala. Beijing
and the Government-in-exile disagree over when Tibet became a part of
China, and whether the incorporation into China of Tibet is legitimate
according to international law.[7] Since what constitutes Tibet is a
matter of much debate (see map, right), neither its size nor
population are simple matters of fact, due to various entities
claiming differing areas as part of "Tibet".
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