Why use Stackwise? Well with Stackwise we can address a redundant pair of switches as a single logical switch, rather than manage two separate switches. We can load balance aggregated links across the two different physical switches. We can also take advantage of Control and Management Plane redudancy features like ISSU and Non-Stop Forwarding.
The Switch Virtual link is used send control plane and data plane traffic between the two switches. So this is a high speed, high bandwidth connection. Pictured below the Switch Virtual Links are the Active Optical Cables with 40G QSFPs.
The Dual Active Detection links are used to detect a switch failure so the stand by switch can assume control, if needed. Lower bandwidth, but high speed links are used. Pictured below these links are using 10G SR SFP+ and LC-LC connections.
So, after the reload this will now be Switch 2. Before we reload we need to configure our Stackwise ports just like we did on Switch 1. For Switch 2 I will skip the descriptions because those will not stick through the reload.
hi, very good post, I have a question, what is the time to converged traffic to switch in stanby? I made test with 2 9500, example, ping to vmware servers or vm, delay is more or less 15 to 20 seconds and lost ping, is this correct?
what kind of issues would you expect to have if have 2 SVL/SSO stacks connected to each other on the same domain. For example, switch a and b are in domain 1 and have 4 SVL links between eachother and 1 dad link. This stack(ab) then has two connections(1 lacp port channel) connected to stack cd. Switch c and switch d are connected also with 4 svl links/1 dad link and are also configured to be on domain 1.
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Templates are all about the compiler generating code at compile-time. Virtual functions are all about the run-time system figuring out which function to call at run-time.
Once the run-time system figured out it would need to call a templatized virtual function, compilation is all done and the compiler cannot generate the appropriate instance anymore. Therefore you cannot have virtual member function templates.
Member function templates cannot be declared virtual. This constraint is imposed because the usual implementation of the virtual function call mechanism uses a fixed-size table with one entry per virtual function. However, the number of instantiations of a member function template is not fixed until the entire program has been translated. Hence, supporting virtual member function templates would require support for a whole new kind of mechanism in C++ compilers and linkers. In contrast, the ordinary members of class templates can be virtual because their number is fixed when a class is instantiated
C++ doesn't allow virtual template member functions right now. The most likely reason is the complexity of implementing it. Rajendra gives good reason why it can't be done right now but it could be possible with reasonable changes of the standard. Especially working out how many instantiations of a templated function actually exist and building up the vtable seems difficult if you consider the place of the virtual function call. Standards people just have a lot of other things to do right now and C++1x is a lot of work for the compiler writers as well.
When would you need a templated member function? I once came across such a situation where I tried to refactor a hierarchy with a pure virtual base class. It was a poor style for implementing different strategies. I wanted to change the argument of one of the virtual functions to a numeric type and instead of overloading the member function and override every overload in all sub-classes I tried to use virtual template functions (and had to find out they don't exist.)
In contrast, virtual member functions are resolved dynamically (at run-time). That is, the member function is selected dynamically (at run-time) based on the type of the object, not the type of the pointer/reference to that object. This is called "dynamic binding." Most compilers use some variant of the following technique: if the object has one or more virtual functions, the compiler puts a hidden pointer in the object called a "virtual-pointer" or "v-pointer." This v-pointer points to a global table called the "virtual-table" or "v-table."
The compiler creates a v-table for each class that has at least one virtual function. For example, if class Circle has virtual functions for draw() and move() and resize(), there would be exactly one v-table associated with class Circle, even if there were a gazillion Circle objects, and the v-pointer of each of those Circle objects would point to the Circle v-table. The v-table itself has pointers to each of the virtual functions in the class. For example, the Circle v-table would have three pointers: a pointer to Circle::draw(), a pointer to Circle::move(), and a pointer to Circle::resize().
The space-cost overhead of the above technique is nominal: an extra pointer per object (but only for objects that will need to do dynamic binding), plus an extra pointer per method (but only for virtual methods). The time-cost overhead is also fairly nominal: compared to a normal function call, a virtual function call requires two extra fetches (one to get the value of the v-pointer, a second to get the address of the method). None of this runtime activity happens with non-virtual functions, since the compiler resolves non-virtual functions exclusively at compile-time based on the type of the pointer.
I'm attempting to use something like this now for a cubefile base class with templated optimized load functions which will be implemented differently for different types of cubes (some stored by pixel, some by image, etc).
I ended up moving the template declaration to the class level. This solution would have forced programs to know about specific types of data they would read before they read them, which is unacceptable.
The solution to this problem is to use type erasure with boost::any_range and boost::function, which will allow you to accept a generic iterator or functor without the need to make your function a template.
While an older question that has been answered by many I believe a succinct method, not so different from the others posted, is to use a minor macro to help ease the duplication of class declarations.
In case of function template, user can call this function with any type. Here same function has several versions based on type. Now, in this case for same function because of different versions, many entries in vtable has to be maintained.
I have looked at all the 14 answers, Some have reasons why virtual templates functions can't work, others show a work around. One answer even showed that virtual classes can have virtual functions. Which shouldn't be too surprising.
My answer will give a straight up reason why the standard doesn't allow virtual templated functions. Since so many have been complaining. Firstly though, I can't believe that some people have commented that virtual functions can be deduced at compile time. That is the dumbest thing I ever heard.
Now that we are clear on this. We then need to know the conversion rules for templates. A templated parameter is extremely limited to what it can implicitly convert to. I don't remember all of it, but you can check C++ Primer for complete reference. For example T* is convertible to const T*. Arrays are convertible to pointers. However, derived class is not convertible to base class as a templated parameter.
So I hope you see where I am getting at. You cannot have a virtual template function because as far as the compiler is concerned they are two completedly different functions; as their implicit this parameter is of different type.
A virtual function makes its class a polymorphic base class. Derived classes can override virtual functions. Virtual functions called through base class pointers/references will be resolved at run-time. That is, the dynamic type of the object is used instead of its static type:
A pure virtual function implicitly makes the class it is defined for abstract (unlike in Java where you have a keyword to explicitly declare the class abstract). Abstract classes cannot be instantiated. Derived classes need to override/implement all inherited pure virtual functions. If they do not, they too will become abstract.
For a virtual function you need to provide implementation in the base class. However derived class can override this implementation with its own implementation. Normally , for pure virtual functions implementation is not provided. You can make a function pure virtual with =0 at the end of function declaration. Also, a class containing a pure virtual function is abstract i.e. you can not create a object of this class.
You can actually provide implementations of pure virtual functions in C++. The only difference is all pure virtual functions must be implemented by derived classes before the class can be instantiated.
As much of the Army remains under pandemic safety restrictions, the service will turn to the virtual realm this week to pay tribute to the 245th anniversary of the establishment of the U.S. Army, June 14, 1775.
To begin the birthday week festivities, Grinston challenged Soldiers to run 2.45-miles with their squad. During the challenge, which started on June 8, Soldiers can post videos of their runs and run times to social media sites.
Also on June 12, a pre-recorded virtual run led by the 3rd Infantry Regiment, also known as The Old Guard, and the Military District of Washington will be streamed at 6:30 a.m., and a virtual national commissioning ceremony will be hosted by U.S. Army Cadet Command at 10 a.m.
"Today's Soldiers embody a 245-year tradition of answering the nation's call," said Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville. "Throughout our history, Soldiers have upheld their oath to defend the constitution and protect Americans in the face of conflicts, pandemics, and social unrest. This sacred trust with our fellow citizens is the cornerstone of why we serve."
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