I believe I saw a PR recently for handling this natively in unity. I don't believe it's been merged yet.
CMock can definitely mock assert as a function, but instead of #include <assert.h> directly, you'd have to create a wrapper header. It could be as simple as this:
// assertion_api.h
#ifdef TEST
void assert(int);
#else
#include <assert.h>
#endif
Then you would include assertion_api.h anywhere that you would normally include assert.h
The assert "function" could then be used like so:
assert_Expect(0); // expecting assertion to be false
assert_Expect(1); // expecting assertion to be true
It's not perfect, but it'd work.
Down the road, we plan to have ceedling automatically take care of mocking this for you and giving access to these expectations.
I hope this helps.
Mark