Resource Pack 1.14.4
Bethann Gendernalik
Resource refers to all the materials available in our environment which are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally sustainable and help us to satisfy our needs and wants. Resources can broadly be classified according to their availability as renewable or national and international resources. An item may become a resource with technology. The benefits of resource utilization may include increased wealth, proper functioning of a system, or enhanced well. From a human perspective, a regular resource is anything to satisfy human needs and wants.[1][2]
The concept of resources has been developed across many established areas of work, in computer science, management, and human resources for example - linked to the concepts of competition, sustainability, conservation, and stewardship. In application within human society, commercial or non-commercial factors require management]].
The concept of resources can also be tied to the direction of leadership over resources; this may include human resources issues, for which leaders are responsible, in managing, supporting, or directing those matters and the resulting necessary actions. For example, in the cases of professional groups, innovative leaders and technical experts in archiving expertise, academic management, association management, business management, management, administration management, public administration, spiritual leadership and social administration.
Resource competition can vary from completely symmetric (all individuals receive the same amount of resources, irrespective of their size, known also as scramble competition) to perfectly size symmetric (all individuals exploit the same amount of resource per unit biomass) to absolutely size asymmetric (the largest individuals exploit all the available resource).
There are three fundamental differences between economic versus ecological views: 1) the economic resource definition is human-centered (anthropocentric) and the biological or ecological resource definition is nature-centered (biocentric or ecocentric); 2) the economic view includes desire along with necessity, whereas the biological view is about basic biological needs; and 3) economic systems are based on markets of currency exchanged for goods and services, whereas biological systems are based on natural processes of growth, maintenance, and reproduction.[1]
A computer resource is any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer or information management system. Computer resources include means for input, processing, output, communication, and storage.[3]
Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many natural resources are essential for human survival, while others are used to satisfy human desire. Conservation is the management of natural resources with the goal of sustainability. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.[1]
Depending upon the speed and quantity of consumption, overconsumption can lead to depletion or the total and everlasting destruction of a resource. Important examples are agricultural areas, fish and other animals, forests, healthy water and soil, cultivated and natural landscapes. Such conditionally renewable resources are sometimes classified as a third kind of resource or as a subtype of renewable resources. Conditionally renewable resources are presently subject to excess human consumption and the only sustainable long-term use of such resources is within the so-called zero ecological footprint, where humans use less than the Earth's ecological capacity to regenerate.
In economics, labor or human resources refers to the human work in the production of goods and rendering of services. Human resources can be defined in terms of skills, energy, talent, abilities, or knowledge.[4]
In economics, capital goods or capital are "those durable produced goods that are in turn used as productive inputs for further production" of goods and services.[6] A typical example is the machinery used in a factory. At the macroeconomic level, "the nation's capital stock includes buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a given year."[7] Capitals are the most important economic resource.
Whereas, tangible resources such as equipment have an actual physical existence, intangible resources such as corporate images, brands and patents, and other intellectual properties exist in abstraction.[8]
When you specify the resource request for containers in a Pod, thekube-scheduler uses this information to decide which node to place the Pod on.When you specify a resource limit for a container, the kubelet enforces thoselimits so that the running container is not allowed to use more of that resourcethan the limit you set. The kubelet also reserves at least the request amount ofthat system resource specifically for that container to use.
If the node where a Pod is running has enough of a resource available, it's possible (andallowed) for a container to use more resource than its request for that resource specifies.However, a container is not allowed to use more than its resource limit.
For example, if you set a memory request of 256 MiB for a container, and that container is ina Pod scheduled to a Node with 8GiB of memory and no other Pods, then the container can try to usemore RAM.
If you set a memory limit of 4GiB for that container, the kubelet (andcontainer runtime) enforce the limit.The runtime prevents the container from using more than the configured resource limit. For example:when a process in the container tries to consume more than the allowed amount of memory,the system kernel terminates the process that attempted the allocation, with an out of memory(OOM) error.
Limits can be implemented either reactively (the system intervenes once it sees a violation)or by enforcement (the system prevents the container from ever exceeding the limit). Differentruntimes can have different ways to implement the same restrictions.
CPU and memory are each a resource type. A resource type has a base unit.CPU represents compute processing and is specified in units of Kubernetes CPUs.Memory is specified in units of bytes.For Linux workloads, you can specify huge page resources.Huge pages are a Linux-specific feature where the node kernel allocates blocks of memorythat are much larger than the default page size.
For example, on a system where the default page size is 4KiB, you could specify a limit,hugepages-2Mi: 80Mi. If the container tries allocating over 40 2MiB huge pages (atotal of 80 MiB), that allocation fails.
CPU and memory are collectively referred to as compute resources, or resources. Computeresources are measurable quantities that can be requested, allocated, andconsumed. They are distinct fromAPI resources. API resources, such as Pods andServices are objects that can be read and modifiedthrough the Kubernetes API server.
Although you can only specify requests and limits for individual containers,it is also useful to think about the overall resource requests and limits fora Pod.For a particular resource, a Pod resource request/limit is the sum of theresource requests/limits of that type for each container in the Pod.
Limits and requests for CPU resources are measured in cpu units.In Kubernetes, 1 CPU unit is equivalent to 1 physical CPU core,or 1 virtual core, depending on whether the node is a physical hostor a virtual machine running inside a physical machine.
Fractional requests are allowed. When you define a container withspec.containers[].resources.requests.cpu set to 0.5, you are requesting halfas much CPU time compared to if you asked for 1.0 CPU.For CPU resource units, the quantity expression 0.1 is equivalent to theexpression 100m, which can be read as "one hundred millicpu". Some people say"one hundred millicores", and this is understood to mean the same thing.
CPU resource is always specified as an absolute amount of resource, never as a relative amount. For example,500m CPU represents the roughly same amount of computing power whether that containerruns on a single-core, dual-core, or 48-core machine.
Kubernetes doesn't allow you to specify CPU resources with a precision finer than1m or 0.001 CPU. To avoid accidentally using an invalid CPU quantity, it's useful to specify CPU units using the milliCPU forminstead of the decimal form when using less than 1 CPU unit.
For example, you have a Pod that uses 5m or 0.005 CPU and would like to decreaseits CPU resources. By using the decimal form, it's harder to spot that 0.0005 CPUis an invalid value, while by using the milliCPU form, it's easier to spot that0.5m is an invalid value.
Limits and requests for memory are measured in bytes. You can express memory asa plain integer or as a fixed-point number using one of thesequantity suffixes:E, P, T, G, M, k. You can also use the power-of-two equivalents: Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi,Mi, Ki. For example, the following represent roughly the same value:
Pay attention to the case of the suffixes. If you request 400m of memory, this is a requestfor 0.4 bytes. Someone who types that probably meant to ask for 400 mebibytes (400Mi)or 400 megabytes (400M).
The following Pod has two containers. Both containers are defined with a request for0.25 CPUand 64MiB (226 bytes) of memory. Each container has a limit of 0.5CPU and 128MiB of memory. You can say the Pod has a request of 0.5 CPU and 128MiB of memory, and a limit of 1 CPU and 256MiB of memory.
When you create a Pod, the Kubernetes scheduler selects a node for the Pod torun on. Each node has a maximum capacity for each of the resource types: theamount of CPU and memory it can provide for Pods. The scheduler ensures that,for each resource type, the sum of the resource requests of the scheduledcontainers is less than the capacity of the node.Note that although actual memoryor CPU resource usage on nodes is very low, the scheduler still refuses to placea Pod on a node if the capacity check fails. This protects against a resourceshortage on a node when resource usage later increases, for example, during adaily peak in request rate.
c80f0f1006