Criminal Procedure Code 2010

[Justina Ky]

Thepurpose of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure is to "provide for the just determination of every criminal proceeding, to secure simplicity in procedure and fairness in administration, and to eliminate unjustifiable expense and delay." Fed. R. Crim. P. 2. The original rules were adopted by order of the Supreme Court on December 26, 1944, transmitted to Congress on January 3, 1945, and effective March 21, 1946. The Criminal Rules were last amended in 2023.

This guide provides information on sources available for legislative intent research for the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure as enacted in 1965. The legislation introduced as SB 107, 59th Legislature, marked the culmination of six years of study by the State Bar Committee for Revision of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Penal Code. Finally passed after four years of legislative effort over two sessions, the Code represented the first full-scale revision of criminal procedure in over 100 years.

Many materials relevant to the revision process are included in the Legislative Reference Library's collection. Through these materials it is possible to gain insight into the challenges of the revision process and the broader criminal procedure reform movement. In some cases, documents may aid researchers in tracing the reasoning and intent of specific statutory language.

"drug related offence" means any specified in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act (Cap. 245) and includes the possession, manufacture, distribution or receipt of any drug of any quantity whatsoever;

"officer in charge of a police station" includes any officer superior in rank to an officer in charge of a police station and also includes, when the officer in charge of the police station is absent from the station-house, or unable from illness or other cause to perform his duties, the police officer present at the station-house who is next in rank to that officer, and is above the rank of constable, or, when the Inspector-General of the National Police Service so directs, any other police officer so present;

"public prosecutor" means the Director of Public Prosecutions, a Prosecution Counsel, a person appointed under section 85 or a person acting under the direction of the Director of Public Prosecutions;

All offences under any other law shall be inquired into, tried and otherwise dealt with according to this Code, subject to any enactment for the time being in force regulating the manner or place of inquiring into, trying, or otherwise dealing with those offences.

Notwithstanding anything in this Code, the High Court may, subject to the provisions of any law for the time being in force, in exercising its criminal jurisdiction in respect of any matter or thing to which the procedure prescribed by this Code is inapplicable, exercise that jurisdiction according to the course of procedure and practice observed by and before the High Court of Justice in England at the date of the coming into operation of this Code.

Notwithstanding anything in this Code or any other written law, in relation to a person who is a member of the armed forces or police forces of another country lawfully present in Kenya as a consequence of an agreement between the government of that other country and the Government of Kenya, in which agreement provision is made in respect of offences under the Penal Code (Cap. 63) or any other written law for the detention or punishment of that person or the inquiry into, trial or other disposal of those offences, nothing done or omitted in accordance with such a provision shall be or shall be deemed to be unlawful or contrary to the provisions of this Code, or any other written law.

Subject to this Code, an offence under the Penal Code (Cap. 63) may be tried by the High Court, or by a subordinate court by which the offence is shown in the fifth column of the First Schedule to this Code to be triable.

When no court is so mentioned, it may, subject to this Code, be tried by the High Court, or by a subordinate court by which the offence is shown in the fifth column of the First Schedule to this Code to be triable.

The Judicial Service Commission may, by notice in the Gazette, extend the jurisdiction of any particular magistrate under section 7 either generally or in relation to particular offences triable by a court of a class which may be held by that magistrate, and a magistrate whose jurisdiction has been so extended may pass sentences thus authorized in cases where they are authorized by law.

Subject to subsection (3), when a person is convicted at one trial of two or more distinct offences, the court may sentence him, for those offences, to the several punishments prescribed therefor which the court is competent to impose;

and those punishments when consisting of imprisonment shall commence the one after the expiration of the other in the order the court may direct, unless the court directs that the punishments shall run concurrently.

In the case of consecutive sentences, it shall not be necessary for the court, by reason only of the aggregate punishment for the several offences being in excess of the punishment which it is competent to impose on conviction of a single offence, to send the offender for trial before a higher court.

of imprisonment which amount in the aggregate to more than fourteen years, or twice the amount of imprisonment which the court, in the exercise of its ordinary jurisdiction, is competent to impose, whichever is the less; or

Any court which passes a sentence of imprisonment for a term of not more than two years for any offence may order that the sentence shall not take effect unless during the period specified by the court (hereinafter called the "operational period") the offender commits another offence, whether that offence is punishable by imprisonment, corporal punishment or by a fine.

Where the offender is convicted of an offence during the operational period the sentence for the first offence in respect of which the offender was convicted under subsection (1) shall thereupon take effect.

Where under subsection (2) the sentence passed for the first offence under subsection (1) takes effect the sentence passed for the subsequent offence shall run consecutively to the sentence passed for the first offence.

If any person acting under a warrant of arrest, or any police officer having authority to arrest, has reason to believe that the person to be arrested has entered into or is within any place, the person residing in or being in charge of that place shall, on demand of the person so acting or the police officer, allow him free ingress thereto and afford all reasonable facilities for a search therein.

If ingress to a place cannot be obtained under subsection (1), it shall be lawful in any case for a person acting under a warrant, and in any case in which a warrant may issue but cannot be obtained without affording the person to be arrested an opportunity to escape, for a police officer to enter the place and search therein, and, in order to effect an entrance into the place, to break open any outer or inner door or window of a house or place, whether that of the person to be arrested or of another person, or otherwise effect entry into the house or place, if after notification of his authority and purpose, and demand of admittance duly made, he cannot otherwise obtain admittance:

Provided that if any such place is an apartment in the actual occupancy of a woman (not being the person to be arrested) who, according to custom, does not appear in public, the person or police officer shall, before entering the apartment, give notice to the woman that she is at liberty to withdraw, and shall afford her every reasonable facility for withdrawing, and may then break open the apartment and enter it.

A police officer or other person authorized to make an arrest may break out of any house or place in order to liberate himself or any other person who, having lawfully entered for the purpose of making an arrest, is detained therein.

the police officer making the arrest, or, when the arrest is made by a private person, the police officer to whom he makes over the person arrested, may search that person and place in safe custody all articles, other than necessary wearing apparel, found upon him.

any aircraft, vessel or vehicle which there is reason to suspect has been used or employed in the commission or to facilitate the commission of an offence under the provisions of Chapters XXVI, XXVIII and XXIX of the Penal Code (Cap. 63); or

For the purposes of this section, "aircraft", "vessel" and "vehicle", respectively, include everything contained in, being on or attached to an aircraft, vessel or vehicle, as the case may be, which, in the opinion of the court, forms part of the equipment of the aircraft, vessel or vehicle.

The officer or other person making an arrest may take from the person arrested any offensive weapons which he has about his person, and shall deliver all weapons so taken to the court or officer before which or whom the officer or person making the arrest is required by law to produce the person arrested.

any person in whose possession anything is found which may reasonably be suspected to be stolen property or who may reasonably be suspected of having committed an offence with reference to that thing;

any person whom he finds in a street or public place during the hours of darkness and whom he suspects upon reasonable grounds of being there for an illegal or disorderly purpose, or who is unable to give a satisfactory account of himself;

any person whom he suspects upon reasonable grounds of having been concerned in an act committed at a place out of Kenya which, if committed in Kenya, would have been punishable as an offence, and for which he is liable to be extradited under the Extradition (Contiguous and Foreign Countries) Act (Cap. 76) or the Extradition (Commonwealth Countries) Act (Cap. 77);

any person found taking precautions to conceal his presence within the limits of the station under circumstances which afford reason to believe that he is taking those precautions with a view to committing a cognizable offence;

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