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In January 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, an asteroid, was named after Wikipedia;[67] in October 2014, Wikipedia was honored with the Wikipedia Monument;[68] and, in July 2015, 106 of the 7,473 700-page volumes of Wikipedia became available as Print Wikipedia.[69] In April 2019, an Israeli lunar lander, Beresheet, crash landed on the surface of the Moon carrying a copy of nearly all of the English Wikipedia engraved on thin nickel plates; experts say the plates likely survived the crash.[70][71] In June 2019, scientists reported that all 16 GB of article text from the English Wikipedia had been encoded into synthetic DNA.[72]
Wikipedians often have disputes regarding content, which may result in repeated competing changes to an article, known as "edit warring".[102][103] It is widely seen as a resource-consuming scenario where no useful knowledge is added,[104] and criticized as creating a competitive[105] and conflict-based editing culture associated with traditional masculine gender roles.[106][107]
Wikipedia does not require that its editors and contributors provide identification.[140] As Wikipedia grew, "Who writes Wikipedia?" became one of the questions frequently asked there.[141] Jimmy Wales once argued that only "a community ... a dedicated group of a few hundred volunteers" makes the bulk of contributions to Wikipedia and that the project is therefore "much like any traditional organization".[142] In 2008, a Slate magazine article reported that: "According to researchers in Palo Alto, one percent of Wikipedia users are responsible for about half of the site's edits."[143] This method of evaluating contributions was later disputed by Aaron Swartz, who noted that several articles he sampled had large portions of their content (measured by number of characters) contributed by users with low edit counts.[144]
Editors who fail to comply with Wikipedia cultural rituals, such as signing talk page comments, may implicitly signal that they are Wikipedia outsiders, increasing the odds that Wikipedia insiders may target or discount their contributions. Becoming a Wikipedia insider involves non-trivial costs: the contributor is expected to learn Wikipedia-specific technological codes, submit to a sometimes convoluted dispute resolution process, and learn a "baffling culture rich with in-jokes and insider references".[146] Editors who do not log in are in some sense "second-class citizens" on Wikipedia,[146] as "participants are accredited by members of the wiki community, who have a vested interest in preserving the quality of the work product, on the basis of their ongoing participation",[147] but the contribution histories of anonymous unregistered editors recognized only by their IP addresses cannot be attributed to a particular editor with certainty.[147]
A 2008 study found that Wikipedians were less agreeable, open, and conscientious than others,[149] although a later commentary pointed out serious flaws, including that the data showed higher openness and that the differences with the control group and the samples were small.[150] According to a 2009 study, there is "evidence of growing resistance from the Wikipedia community to new content".[151]
A 2020 research study published in Studies in Higher Education argued that Wikipedia could be applied in the higher education "flipped classroom", an educational model where students learn before coming to class and apply it in classroom activities. The experimental group was instructed to learn before class and get immediate feedback before going in (the flipped classroom model), while the control group was given direct instructions in class (the conventional classroom model). The groups were then instructed to collaboratively develop Wikipedia entries, which would be graded in quality after the study. The results showed that the experimental group yielded more Wikipedia entries and received higher grades in quality. The study concluded that learning with Wikipedia in flipped classrooms was more effective than in conventional classrooms, demonstrating Wikipedia could be used as an educational tool in higher education.[223]
Computer programs called bots have often been used to perform simple and repetitive tasks, such as correcting common misspellings and stylistic issues, or to start articles such as geography entries in a standard format from statistical data.[298][299][300] One controversial contributor, Sverker Johansson, created articles with his bot Lsjbot, which was reported to create up to 10,000 articles on the Swedish Wikipedia on certain days.[301] Additionally, there are bots designed to automatically notify editors when they make common editing errors (such as unmatched quotes or unmatched parentheses).[302] Edits falsely identified by bots as the work of a banned editor can be restored by other editors. An anti-vandal bot is programmed to detect and revert vandalism quickly.[299] Bots are able to indicate edits from particular accounts or IP address ranges, as occurred at the time of the shooting down of the MH17 jet in July 2014 when it was reported that edits were made via IPs controlled by the Russian government.[303] Bots on Wikipedia must be approved before activation.[304]
Several languages of Wikipedia also maintain a reference desk, where volunteers answer questions from the general public. According to a study by Pnina Shachaf in the Journal of Documentation, the quality of the Wikipedia reference desk is comparable to a standard library reference desk, with an accuracy of 55 percent.[360]
Andrew Lih and Andrew Brown both maintain editing Wikipedia with smartphones is difficult and this discourages new potential contributors.[370][371] Lih states that the number of Wikipedia editors has been declining after several years,[370] and Tom Simonite of MIT Technology Review claims the bureaucratic structure and rules are a factor in this. Simonite alleges some Wikipedians use the labyrinthine rules and guidelines to dominate others and those editors have a vested interest in keeping the status quo.[53] Lih alleges there is a serious disagreement among existing contributors on how to resolve this. Lih fears for Wikipedia's long-term future while Brown fears problems with Wikipedia will remain and rival encyclopedias will not replace it.[370][371]
Open Source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify or enhance. Programs released under this license can be used at no cost for both personal and commercial purposes. There are many different open source licenses but they all must comply with the Open Source Definition - in brief: the software can be freely used, modified and shared.
Pixlr X is nice to play around with due to its sleek design. Those who like Photoshop Express will see similarities in its interface. You can download the desktop app for a Windows PC. Apps are also available for Android and iOS. There are premium yearly subscriptions if you want to upgrade.
There are some powerful tools to be found. For example, Darktable offers lens and perspective corrections. Beginners may find it slightly technical and not as simple to use as other programs. But you get a lot of features to play with.
Although Darktable may not be as powerful as other paid software, it does the job well. And there are no ads or annoying, locked premium features. Darktable is available in 26 languages. And its open-source download is compatible with FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, Solaris, and Windows operating systems. Here is our in-depth comparison of Darktable vs Lightroom.
There is a massive array of plugins to get the best out of your image. And all are free to download! GIMP is available for Linux, macOS, and Windows users. Make sure to read our in-depth Gimp comparison with Photoshop for more info.
It is quite a challenge to rip a copy-protected DVD, but fear not, for we have meticulously gathered 7 effective methods to guide you through this process. Stay with us to gain access to all the details.
WinX DVD Ripper is a time-tested and reliable solution that can cope with any homemade or commercial DVD, whether it is copy-protected with region codes, CSS, UOPs, or severely encrypted by Sony ArccOS, Disney X-project DRM. Rip protected DVD to MP4, ISO, MOV, MPEG, AVI, MP3, etc swiftly with full GPU acceleration and preserve the best possible quality thanks to its High-Quality Engine.
These DVD encryption measures create a digital fortress around the DVD, making it inaccessible to casual copying attempts. Explanatorily, a key is deliberately embedded within the coding way of the disk, which can only be read by an "authorized" tool. Attemptingto rip a DRM-protected DVD without access to the code results in a host of failures, from the inability to locate a valid source to scrambled rip and software crashes.
When you rip a protected DVD, WinXDVD takes advantage of its unique and always up-to-date title check mechanism to crack the protection and access the encrypted data on the disc, whether it is encoded with CSS, UOP, APS, Macrovision Ripguard, Sony ARccOS, or Disney X-project (99-title). The exceptional DVD decrypting ability has placed WinXDVD at the forefront of DVD ripper software.
Click on the Presets drop-down menu and select a preset. Preferably, you can choose Super HQ 480p for NTSC DVDs, and Super HD 576p for PAL DVDs. As to the quality setting for DVDs, use H.264 codec for better compatibility with your device, and pick constant quality and hig quality RF between 18 and 22.
In addition, you can click the Audio tab where you are allowed to choose the audio track, audio codec, bitrate, and mixdown. To specify a subtitle track or add external subtitles for the resulting file, just feel free to click the Subtitles track. If you're technical, you can also click other tabs here to adjust settings.
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