Hey Andrew,
Sorry for not getting back to you sooner, I needed a couple of days to think this one through. Having no budget is tough - maybe you can put the word out soliciting some loaned/donated equipment, or run a fundraiser to cover some start-up costs? (Is there a need in your community for tech repair/classes?) Asking for scrap materials can also help with inspiration; cardboard, straws, coffee stirrers, fabric, and wire have fueled many a found art project. (I hesitate to suggest judicious trashpicking to students, but that's traditionally been part of my process.)
I'm curious about what definition of "Maker" you're using. Here's a couple of low-cost activities that come to mind:
- If you can fund some 9V batteries, clip leads, and LEDs, you can have a lot of (messy) fun with squishy circuits:
http://courseweb.stthomas.edu/apthomas/SquishyCircuits/
I use this to introduce or re-teach circuits, or bridge "normal" circuits with other forms, like sewable/paper circuits.
- Are these computers machines you want to use or machines you want to salvage for parts? If they're usable, do you have a set of computer/programming activities already? Your students might enjoy exploring with Scratch, App Inventor, X-Ray Goggles/Thimble/Popcorn, or dive into P2PU. If memory/older processor makes performance an issue, maybe it's time to install Linux?
- If the computers are ready for scrapping, investing in a set of small electronics screwdrivers and a multimeter means you can open them up and learn about what's inside. Or, cobble together a new computer from spare parts - that's an ambitious group project that will teach you a lot!
- Relatedly, sometimes we buy jewelry findings and make earrings, pins, necklaces, bracelets, etc. out of dead electronics components. If you want to skip the findings, concentrate on knitting/crocheting/knotting colorful wire (a la friendship bracelets). Pliers, wire cutters, and wire strippers are helpful here.
- Nonprofit Technology Resources at 16th & Brandywine is also a great source of cheap electronics for projects or scrap. Older radios and non-computer electronics sometimes have through-hole boards which are easier for people to identify than the surface-mount PCBs.
- Magnets + wires + batteries = motors! Or pull some out of the computers, and build little cardboard go-karts for them.
- Knitting is sometimes described as "human computing", in that the knitter basically compiles the knitting pattern into a warm, fuzzy executable.