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to The Truth Behind JOHN BARTON / JB CASES
Bipolar disorder — sometimes called manic-depressive disorder — causes
mood swings that range from of the lows of depression to the highs of
mania. When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and
lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts in
the other direction, you may feel euphoric and full of energy. Mood
shifts may only occur only a few times a year, or as often as several
times a day. In some cases, bipolar disorder causes symptoms of
depression and mania at the same time.
Bipolar disorder is divided into several subtypes. Each has a
different pattern of symptoms. Types of bipolar disorder include:
* Bipolar I disorder. Mood swings with bipolar I cause significant
difficulty in your job, school or relationships. Manic episodes can be
severe and dangerous.
* Bipolar II disorder. Bipolar II is less severe than bipolar I.
You may have an elevated mood, irritability and some changes in your
functioning, but generally you can carry on with your normal daily
routine. Instead of full-blown mania, you have hypomania — a less
severe form of mania. In bipolar II, periods of depression typically
last longer than periods of hypomania.
* Cyclothymia. Cyclothymia is a mild form of bipolar disorder.
With cyclothymia, hypomania and depression can be disruptive, but the
highs and lows are not as severe as they are with other types of
bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder symptoms reflect a range of moods.Bipolar disorder
symptoms reflect a range of moods.
The exact symptoms of bipolar disorder vary from person to person. For
some people, depression causes the most problems; for other people
manic symptoms are the main concern. Symptoms of depression and
symptoms of mania or hypomania may also occur together. This is known
as a mixed episode.
Manic phase of bipolar disorder
Signs and symptoms of the manic or hypomanic phase of bipolar disorder
can include:
* Euphoria
* Extreme optimism
* Inflated self-esteem
* Poor judgment
* Rapid speech
* Racing thoughts
* Aggressive behavior
* Agitation or irritation
* Increased physical activity
* Risky behavior
* Spending sprees or unwise financial choices
* Increased drive to perform or achieve goals
* Increased sex drive
* Decreased need for sleep
* Inability to concentrate
* Careless or dangerous use of drugs or alcohol
* Frequent absences from work or school
* Delusions or a break from reality (psychosis)
* Poor performance at work or school
Depressive phase of bipolar disorder
Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder can
include:
* Sadness
* Hopelessness
* Suicidal thoughts or behavior
* Anxiety
* Guilt
* Sleep problems
* Low appetite or increased appetite
* Fatigue
* Loss of interest in daily activities
* Problems concentrating
* Irritability
* Chronic pain without a known cause
* Frequent absences from work or school
* Poor performance at work or school
Other signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder
Signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder can also include:
* Seasonal changes in mood. As with seasonal affective disorder
(SAD), some people with bipolar disorder have moods that change with
the seasons. Some people become manic or hypomanic in the spring or
summer and then become depressed in the fall or winter. For other
people, this cycle is reversed — they become depressed in the spring
or summer and manic or hypomanic in the fall or winter.
* Rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Some people with bipolar
disorder have rapid mood shifts. This is defined as having four or
more mood swings within a single year. However, in some people moods
shifts occur much more quickly, sometimes within just hours.
* Psychosis. Severe episodes of either mania or depression may
result in psychosis, a detachment from reality. Symptoms of psychosis
may include false but strongly held beliefs (delusions) and hearing or
seeing things that aren't there (hallucinations). In some people,
sudden psychosis (a psychotic break) is the first sign of bipolar
disorder.