Re: Book of Mormon timeline and old worldhistory

[Kl@@s]

On 8 mei, 16:35, Nick Youngh <dejonghn...@hotmail.com> wrote:
> :
>  After indentificating hundreds of BoM events and persons on this site
>  it becomes time to compare the oficial sumary of the Book of Mormon
>  timeline with the real old world history.
>
>  > Dates Nephite and Lamanite Locations and Events according to LDS
> scholars based on the BoM.
>
>  > ~600 BC Lehi and his family left Jerusalem in the old world, and
>  > started their journey to the land of promise in the Americas. This
> was
>  > at the commencement of the first year of the reign of Zedekiah,
> king
>  > of Judah (1 Nephi 1:4; 2 Kings 24:17-18).
>
> Jeremiah and the remnants of the house of David fled Jerusalem in fear
> of the wrath of Babylonian king Nebukadnesar to the south of Egypt
>
>  > ~591 BC The Mulekites fled Jerusalem in the old world about nine
> years
>  > after Lehi and his family left. This was about the time when King
>  > Zedekiah was carried captive into Babylon (2 Kings 25:1-7).
>  > Their leader, Mulek, was the only surviving son of king Zedekiah
>  > (Helaman 8:21); and Zarahemla was a descendant of Mulek (Helaman
> 6:10;
>  > Mosiah 25:2). The Mulekites were known as the people of Zarahemla
> when
>  > the Nephites encountered them in that place sometime between ~420
> and
>  > ~130 BC (see below). The Mulekites or People of Zarahemla did not
>  > bring or keep records; so we know them principally through the
> records
>  > of the Nephites.
>
>  Malik is the Hebrew word for king in this case king Jehoiakim, who
> went in exile to Babylonthe were he lived 30 years as exaliarch in
> comfortable confinement in Nehardea and was replaced in Jerusalem by
> his uncle  Zedekiah.
> Jehoiakim became the exiliarch of the Jews in the Diaspora, like
> hissons, who were called kings of the diaspora.
> Zarahemlah (Tsarenheim) seems to refer to the later historical Jewish
>  nomad empire of Chazaria, which at that time was called the Jewish
>  kingdom of the Bosporus.
>   .
>
>  > ~600 to ~589 BC Lehi and his family journeyed to the seashore,
> built a
>  > ship and sailed to the promised land (1 Nephi 2:2 through 1 Nephi
>  > 18:22).
>
> Jeremia fled with the  princes and princesses of the house of David
> alongside the Blue Nile and the Red Sea to the Jewish black Cushite
> kingdom of Meroë in Erytrea (Irreantum) and legendary sailed to
> England in Europe.
> Farao Necho as well circumnavigated in this time from the RedSea to
> the Nile in Egypt.
>
>  .
>  ~589 BC Lehi and his family arrived in the promised land. They later
>  called their landing place the land of their fathers' first
>  inheritance. (1 Nephi 18:23).(The land of Lehi)
>
>  Jeremiah and his court returned later from the north to the Jews
> under
>  Nehemiah
>  The land of Lehi seems to be same pronounced Lycia.
>
>  > Between> ~588 and ~560 BC Nephi, Zoram, Sam, Jacob and Joseph, with
> their wives  and families and all those who   >would go with them,
> departed (2 Nephi 5:5) from Laman and Lemuel and those who stayed with
> them in the land
>
> > of their fathers' first inheritance. And the people of Nephi journeyed in the wilderness for many days (2 Nephi 5:7). And >they called the name of the place Nephi (2 Nephi 5:8) where they settled.
>
> At that time the Persian king Cyrus conquered king Croessus of
> Lydiaand caused a lot of migration of the Thracians from West Anatolia
> to the East of Anatolia, That of Nephi  seems to be the historical
> migration of the Chalybes, a nomad tribe of gold and blacksmith of
> Excalibur fame. The Mormon (historical Mermnades) brothers,who
> remained with the ships
>  could be the historical migration by ship of the Thracians from
> Teos,who settled the Greek Jewish cities of the Crimea (Theodosia)
>   .
>
>  > Between
>  > ~559 and ~545 BC In the land of Nephi, Jacob teaches the Nephites
> (2
>  > Nephi 6-11) and Nephi prophesies and quotes to them from Isaiah,
>  > explaining some of Isaiah's teachings (2 Nephi 12-24). The wars
> with
>  > the Lamanites soon began, and continued apace (2 Nephi 5:14, Jacob
>
> > 1:10, Enos 1:24).
>
>  It seems to be, that Zoram,who started a new faith was Zoroaster or
> Zaratoestra, who had his first appearances at that time in present
> Azerbeidjan.
>
> > Between ~544 and ~421 BC Still in the land of Nephi, Nephi died, and Jacob
> > continued to teach the Nephites concerning pride, chastity and
> > fidelity, hardness of heart, etc. Jacob also teaches and expounds the
> > > allegory of the tame and wild olive tree from the prophet Zenos (Jacob 5).
>
>  Probably the historical lost paradox of Zeno about the olive tree
>
>  > Between ~420 and ~130 BC Both the Nephites and Lamanites were
> spread over much
>  > of the face of the land (Jarom 1:6,8). The Nephites had many
> seasons
>  > of peace and many seasons of serious war and bloodshed (Omni 1:3).
>  > Very sparse records were kept during this period.
>
> This lapse in time correspond with the time lap between the books of
> Herodotus and Flavius Josephus.
> In this  time happened the Greek -Persian wars,which in my opinion are
> described in the undated book of Ether.
>
> > 130bC
>
>  > Mosiah and his followers and the people of Zarahemla united
> together
>  > in the land of Zarahemla, and Mosiah was named king (Omni 1:19).
>  > Thereafter, all were called Nephites.
>
> King Mosiah, who had the gift of God for languages seems to be the
> Pontean king Mithridates 6, who spoke 25 languages fluently and made a
> pact with the Scythes and anexed around that time the Crimea and the
> kingdom of the Bosporus, by which he ruled all the land around the
> Black Sea
>
>
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla King Benjamin succeeded Mosiah (the first)
> > > and drove the Lamanites out of the land of Zarahemla (Omni 1:23-24).
> > > [See the time between ~130 and -124 BC, below for a continuation of
> > > the activities of King Benjamin].
> > > Between

In my opinion, Mosiah I and II were the same kibg Mithridates 6 of
Pont.
The Mormon timeline seem to be wrong here, causedby the many different
books and stories inside the Mormon book Mosiah. Benjamin seems to be
the Kagan Yussuf of the Khazars 800 yearslater.

> > > ~200 and ~122 BC The main body of the Nephites were still in the land
> > > of Zarahemla. The entries in this box deal with the people of Zeniff
> > > and their descendants.
> > > Zeniff left the land of Zarahemla with a part of the people of
> > > Zarahemla who wanted to go with him. They went to the land of Lehi-
> > > Nephi in an over-zealous attempt to inherit the land of their fathers'
> > > first inheritance (Mosiah 9:1-3). [The Record of Zeniff is contained
> > > in Mosiah 9-22 as a flashback].

Zenif seems to be king Arsaces I of the Parnis, a Scythean tribe who
migrated atthattime from Russia into Persia and formed the Parthean
kingdom.
> > In the land of Lehi-Nephi, Zeniff and Lamanite king Laman agreed
that
> > > Zeniff and his people could possess the land of Lehi-Nephi, and the
> > > land of Shilom (Mosiah 9:5-8). Zeniff, who had been made king over his
> > > people (Mosiah 9:14), took up residence in the city of Nephi (Mosiah
> > > 9:15).

This looks as the Cimmerian invasion deep tinside Anatolia at this
time and coronation of Arsaces I as king overnew formed kingdom of
Parthia in Persia. The capital of the Parths was .....

> > > In the land of Lehi-Nephi, the Lamanites came to battle with Zeniff
> > > and his people (Mosiah 9:14) after a dozen years of building and
> > > prosperity. Zeniff and his people prevailed over the Lamanites (Mosiah
> > > 9:18), and restored the peace for about two decades (Mosiah 10:5).
> > > Another war with the Lamanites ensued, and the people of Zeniff
> > > prevailed again (Mosiah 10:20).

> > > In the land of Lehi-Nephi, king Zeniff conferred the kingdom [likely
> > > around ~160 BC] upon his son Noah (Mosiah 10:22).



> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, king Noah became wicked (Mosiah
> > > 11:1-2). He replaced the priests that had been consecrated by his
> > > father, taxed his people heavily, building towers and buildings and
> > > vineyards (Mosiah 10:3-15), but, for a time, at least, winning local
> > > skirmishes with the Lamanites (Mosiah 10:18).

I doubt for the identification of king Mosiah between the the Seleucid
kingAntiochus 4, who
did put atthat time Greek idols into the temple of Jerusalem and Kagan
Obadja of Khazaria who planted the famouswineyards on theCrimea
andhadabig Harem,800 yearslater.

> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, Abinadi came to warn the people and
> > > to prophesy that their enemies would overtake them unless they
> > > repented (Mosiah 11:20-21). The people and wicked king Noah rejected
> > > and burned Abinadi (Mosiah 11:26 to 18:20).

The land Nephi was Pont, the land Lehi Lycia and the land Lehi-Nephi
probably Cilicia between them.
>
> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, Alma (the elder), one of the priests
> > > of wicked king Noah, believed Abinadi, and escaped to the Forest and
> > > Waters of Mormon (Mosiah 18:4). Alma wrote the words of Abinadi
> > > (Mosiah 17:4), and taught them to others who believed, eventually
> > > gathering about 450 converts (Mosiah 18:35). Alma and his followers
> > > escaped into the wilderness from the searching army of wicked king
> > > Noah (Mosiah 18:34).
>
> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, somewhere around ~145 BC, Alma and
> > > his people fled eight days' journey into the wilderness to a beautiful
> > > and pleasant land they called Helam where they prospered and built the
> > > city of Helam (Mosiah 23:3,19-20). Within a short time, however, the
> > > Lamanites (who had been joined by Amulon, leader of the exiled priests
> > > of wicked king Noah) came upon them, and took them into bondage
> > > (Mosiah 23:29). Amulon exercised authority over the people of Alma and
> > > persecuted them (Mosiah 24:8) for something like two decades; but the
> > > Lord promised the people of Alma that he would make their burdens
> > > light, and would deliver them from bondage (Mosiah 24:13-14). The Lord
> > > delivered them out of bondage by causing a deep sleep to come over
> > > their Lamanite guards in the night (Mosiah 24:19). The people of Alma
> > > escaped in one day to the Valley of Alma, and thence in twelve more
> > > days' journey, back to the land of Zarahemla (Mosiah 24:20,25; ~121
> > > BC), see below.
>
> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, in ~145 BC, the Lamanites drove out
> > > wicked king Noah, whereupon he was killed by his own people (Mosiah
> > > 19:20) and his priests escaped into exile (Mosiah 19:21). The
> > > Lamanites took captive many of Noah's followers including his son
> > > Limhi (Mosiah 19:16) and brought them back to the land of Lehi-Nephi
> > > (Mosiah 19:24).
>
> > > Back in the  land of Lehi-Nephi, Limhi was made king of his captive
> > > people (Mosiah 19:26), managing to keep the peace for two years, but
> > > paying a heavy tribute to their Lamanite captors (Mosiah 19:26,29).
>
> > > In Shemlon, between ~145 and ~123 BC, the escaped priests of wicked
> > > king Noah kidnapped 24 of the daughters of the Lamanites (Mosiah
> > > 20:5). The Lamanites came to war against the people of Limhi, thinking
> > > they were responsible for the kidnappings (Mosiah 20:7); but the
> > > Lamanites were pacified when Noah's priests were implicated (Mosiah
> > > 20:26).
>
> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, the people of king Limhi were
> > > harassed by their Lamanite captors; and they made several unsuccessful
> > > attempts to drive the Lamanites away (Mosiah 21:8,11,12).
>
> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, about ~122 BC, Limhi commissions a
> > > small expedition to locate the land of Zarahemla (Mosiah 21:25). They
> > > did not find it; but they did find the land of Desolation (Mosiah
> > > 21:26), and the record on plates of ore of the fallen Jaredite nation.
> > > [See the time shortly before the time between ~279 and ~130 in the
> > > table of dates for Jaredite Locations and Events, above, especially
> > > Ether 15:33. These plates of ore were the record which Ether wrote
> > > concerning the Jaredite nation. Ether hid them in a manner that the
> > > people of Limhi did find them (Ether 15:33).]
>
> > > This expedition arrived back in the land of Lehi-Nephi not many days
> > > before the arrival of Ammon from the land of Zarahemla in ~121 BC
> > > (Mosiah 21:26), below.
>
> > > Still in the land of Lehi-Nephi, Ammon and king Limhi develop a plan
> > > in ~121 BC  for the people of Limhi to escape from bondage by slipping
> > > out of the city of Nephi by night while the Lamanite guards were in a
> > > drunken stupor brought on by an extra ration of wine supplied by the
> > > people of Limhi (Mosiah 22:7). They went around the land of Shilom
> > > (Mosiah 22:8,11), and into the wilderness to the north. After many
> > > days, they arrived with their records in the land of Zarahemla, were
> > > greeted warmly by king Mosiah (son of king Benjamin) and became his
> > > subjects there (Mosiah 22:13-14).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~130 and ~124 BC In the land of Zarahemla King Benjamin built a tower
> > > to teach the people (Mosiah 2:7), and to confirm the teachings
> > > concerning the atonement of the Savior (Mosiah 3). The result is a
> > > major conversion of all the people (Mosiah 5:2, 6:2).
> > > King Benjamin consecrated his son Mosiah [the second; hereafter just
> > > Mosiah] as king (Mosiah 1:9-10; 6:3). There followed several years of
> > > peace (Mosiah 6:7).
>
> > > .
> > > ~121 BC In the land of Zarahemla, Mosiah commissioned a small
> > > expedition to the land of Lehi-Nephi led by Ammon, a descendant of
> > > Zarahemla (Mosiah 7:1-3). Ammon and his men were to search for a group
> > > (of the people of Zarahemla) led by Zeniff, who had gone from the land
> > > of Zarahemla up to the land of Lehi-Nephi about 75 years earlier. [The
> > > Record of Zeniff is contained in Mosiah 9-22 as a flashback. See the
> > > time between ~200 and ~122 BC, above]. Ammon found the people of Limhi
> > > (who were the descendants of the people of Zeniff) in bondage to the
> > > Lamanites in the land of Lehi-Nephi (Mosiah 7:7 {7:1-17 ff}). Ammon
> > > helped the people of Limhi to escape (Mosiah 22:7) and return to the
> > > land of Zarahemla (Mosiah 22:13-14). [See also note above].
> > > Shortly after the return of the people of Limhi to the land of
> > > Zarahemla (Mosiah 22:13-14), the people of Alma (refugees from wicked
> > > king Noah in the land of Lehi-Nephi and in the Valley of Alma) also
> > > returned to the land of Zarahemla (Mosiah 24:25). The people of
> > > Zarahemla were gathered, and they listened to the separate records of
> > > Zeniff and Alma in the land of Lehi-Nephi (Mosiah 25:5-6). King Limhi
> > > and many of his people were baptized (Mosiah 25:17-18).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~120 and ~91 BC In the land of Zarahemla, unbelievers arose among the
> > > younger generation (Mosiah 26:1) who had not been old enough to
> > > understand King Benjamin's speech (Mosiah 2:7; Mosiah 3 and 4).
> > > Among the unbelievers were Alma the younger and the four sons of King
> > > Mosiah (Mosiah 27:8). They sought to destroy the church of God (Mosiah
> > > 27:10). One day as they were traveling, they were met and warned by an
> > > angel whose voice shook the ground (Mosiah 27:11). All were
> > > subsequently converted (Mosiah 27:24), and served as teachers and
> > > missionaries (Mosiah 27:32,34-35, Mosiah 28:1) both to the Nephites in
> > > the land of Zarahemla, and to the Lamanites in  the land of Lehi-
> > > Nephi.
>
> > > King Mosiah translated the plates made by Ether of the migration and
> > > fall of the Jaredite nation (Mosiah 28:11). [See the table of Jaredite
> > > Locations and Events, above].
>
> > > Still in the land of Zarahemla [in ~92 BC], king Mosiah was aging, and
> > > none of his sons was willing to become king. He therefore recommended
> > > that the Nephite people be ruled by elected judges (Mosiah 29:11,
> > > {Mosiah 29:1-38}) after his death.
>
> > > Still in the land of Zarahemla [in ~91 BC], the voice of the people
> > > came in favor of rule by judges, and they elected judges (Mosiah
> > > 29:39). And Alma the younger who was the high priest, was elected the
> > > first chief judge (Mosiah 29:42).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~91 and ~76 BC Still in the land of Zarahemla within about five years
> > > of the beginning of the rule of Judges [~87 BC], one Amlici sought to
> > > be named king (Alma 2:2). He had many followers, so they held a
> > > referendum, and the voice of the people came against Amlici and in
> > > favor of continuing the rule of the Judges (Alma 2:7). Upon losing the
> > > referendum, Amlici and his people came against the others to battle on
> > > the hill Amnihu (Alma 2:15), and later near Minon where the Amlicites
> > > had joined the Lamanites. In the battle, Alma slew Amlici (Alma 2:31),
> > > and the Nephites drove the Amlicites into the Wilderness of Hermounts,
> > > where many more died (Alma 2:37-38), and their cause was defeated.
> > > Other battles with the Lamanites ensued (Alma 3:20) in which the
> > > Nephites were victorious (Alma 3:23), but many lives were lost.
> > > Still in the land of Zarahemla, in the 8th year of the Judges [~84
> > > BC], pride and contention arose among the prosperous Nephites (Alma
> > > 4:6-9). This convinced Alma to resign the judgment-seat so he could
> > > concentrate on his duties as high priest, and warn the people against
> > > iniquity (Alma 4:19). Nephihah was elected chief judge in his stead
> > > (Alma 4:16-18). Alma made this change at the beginning of the 9th year
> > > of the Judges (Alma 4:20; ~83 BC), and started his teaching in the
> > > city of Zarahemla.
>
> > > Alma then traveled from the city of Zarahemla to the Valley and City
> > > Gideon (Alma 6:7) to preach to the people there, and has good success
> > > (Alma 7:19). From there he went the following year [~82 BC] to Melek,
> > > having more success (Alma 8:5).
>
> > > Alma then [still ~82 BC] went north to the city of Ammonihah (Alma
> > > 8:6). But the people at Ammonihah rejected him and his message, and
> > > cast him out (Alma 8:13). An angel asked him to return and to ask
> > > Amulek (a resident of Ammonihah) to help him (Alma 8:14-21). Amulek
> > > had been prepared with a similar message, also from an angel (Alma
> > > 8:20). Alma and Amulek preached to the people of Ammonihah. They had
> > > great powers given to them (Alma 8:31); but they were again rejected
> > > and baited (Alma 10:16). They encountered Zeezrom, a lawyer, who
> > > contended with them (Alma 11:21), but his lies were revealed (Alma
> > > 11:25), and he began to see his errors (Alma 11:46). The people of
> > > Ammonihah condemned any who believed Alma and Amulek to the flames at
> > > the Place of Martyrdom (Alma 14:8). Alma and Amulek were cast into
> > > prison (Alma 14:17), where they were badly mistreated (Alma 14:21-22).
> > > Finally, after all the leaders, priests and judges had mistreated
> > > them, Alma rose up and called upon the Lord to deliver them (Alma
> > > 14:26). The earth shook, and the walls of the prison collapsed,
> > > slaying all within except Alma and Amulek (Alma 14:27-28). Zeezrom was
> > > healed and baptized at Sidom with many others (Alma 15:3,12). Alma and
> > > Amulek returned from Sidom to the city of Zarahemla where Alma lived
> > > (Alma 15:18).
>
> > > Though there was peace in the land of Zarahemla, in ~81 BC, the
> > > Lamanites attacked and destroyed the city of Ammonihah in a single day
> > > (Alma 16:3,9-10), and took many captives from the region (Alma 16:4).
> > > Zoram was appointed to recover the captives, and with the help of the
> > > Lord, knew to meet the Lamanites near Manti (Alma 16:6), where he
> > > recovered all the captives (Alma 16:8).
>
> > > Over the next few years [until ~78 BC], Alma, Amulek and others
> > > preached to the Nephites in the land of Zarahemla (Alma 16:15).
>
> > > .
>
> > > .
> > > Meanwhile [also ~91 to ~78 BC], while Alma had been defeating the
> > > Amlicites and teaching the Nephites in the land of Zarahemla (Alma
> > > 2-16, ~87 to ~78 BC, immediately above), Ammon (one of the four sons
> > > of king Mosiah) had traveled to the land of Nephi to be among the
> > > Lamanites as a missionary (Alma 17:8). There, entering the land of
> > > Ishmael (Alma 17:19), Ammon encountered the Lamanite king Lamoni (Alma
> > > 17:20-21). Ammon was entrusted to watch the king's sheep (Alma 17:25),
> > > protected them by cutting off the arms of a band of Lamanite rustlers
> > > (Alma 17:37) at the waters of Sebus, and was subsequently instrumental
> > > in the teaching (Alma 18:24-36) and conversion of Lamanite king Lamoni
> > > and many of his people (Alma 19). These converts became known as the
> > > people of Ammon. [The record of Ammon in the land of Ishmael is
> > > contained in Alma 17-20 as a flashback].
> > > .
>
> > > .
> > > Meanwhile [also ~91 to ~78 BC], while Ammon was converting the people
> > > of Lamanite king Lamoni the land of Ishmael (immediately above), Aaron
> > > and Muloki, also sons of king Mosiah, traveled as missionaries to the
> > > lands of Jerusalem, Ani-Anti and Middoni (Alma 21:4,11-12). They were
> > > rejected in all those places (Alma 21:8,12), and imprisoned in the
> > > land of Middoni (Alma 21:13). They were delivered from prison in the
> > > land of Middoni when Ammon and king Lamoni came to liberate them (Alma
> > > 20, Alma 21:14). Aaron and his brethren then traveled to the land of
> > > Nephi to the house of Lamoni's father, who was the Lamanite king over
> > > all the land of Nephi (Alma 22:1). Aaron taught the king (Alma 22:12),
> > > and his people (Alma 22:26), converting many (Alma 23:4,6) in the land
> > > of Ishmael, the land of Middoni, the city of Nephi, the land of
> > > Shilom, the land of Shemlon, the city of Lemuel and the city of
> > > Shimnilom (Alma 23:8-12).
> > > These Lamanite people named themselves (Alma 23:17) the Anti-Nephi-
> > > Lehies (later, the people of Ammon, Alma 27:26), and became ardent
> > > pacifists (Alma 24:6). In jeopardy of destruction because they would
> > > not fight back (Alma 27:4), the people of Ammon relocated to the land
> > > of Zarahemla. There they became friendly with the Nephites (Alma
> > > 24:8), and were given the land of Jershon (Alma 27:22) where they were
> > > ever faithful (Alma 27:27), and where the Nephite army would protect
> > > them (Alma 27:23). By ~74 BC, they relocated again to the land of
> > > Melek (Alma 35:12) for greater security. [The record of Aaron and
> > > Muloki in the lands of Jerusalem, Ani-Anti and Middoni, etc., is
> > > contained in Alma 21-26 as a flashback].
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~74 and ~71 BC In the land of Zarahemla, Korihor the anti-Christ came
> > > to preach (Alma 30:6), demanded a sign from Alma (Alma 30:43), was
> > > struck dumb, recognized his errors (Alma 30:52), went among the
> > > Zoramites at Antionum (Alma 31:3), and there he died (Alma 30:59).
> > > In the land of Antionum Alma went (Alma 31:7) to teach among the
> > > apostate Nephites who called themselves Zoramites (Alma 31:3). There
> > > he taught on the nearby hill Onidah (Alma 32:4) about faith and
> > > spiritual development, and comparing the word unto a seed. He had some
> > > success there (Alma 32:2) among the poor Zoramites (see note at Alma
> > > 32:4 in the land of Antionum). These poor Zoramites relocated to the
> > > land of Jershon (Alma 35:9) where they were received and protected by
> > > the people of Ammon. This infuriated the other Zoramites (Alma 35:10),
> > > so the people of Ammon relocated to land of Melek (Alma 35:13) for
> > > their security in ~73 BC.
>
> > > Back in the land of Zarahemla [in ~73 BC; the 19th year of the Judges]
> > > the apostate Nephite Amalickiah came to prominence among the Nephites
> > > (Alma 45:18; Alma 46:33), desiring to be king (Alma 46:4). Moroni
> > > responded with his Title of Liberty (Alma 46:13) rending his coat, and
> > > comparing it to a remnant of the coat of Joseph who was sold into
> > > Egypt anciently (Alma 46:23-27). Moroni refers to the Nephite
> > > followers of Christ as Christians: the first such reference in the
> > > Book of Mormon. Amalickiah and his supporters fled south toward the
> > > land of Nephi (Alma 46:29); but most were caught by Moroni and
> > > returned to the land of Zarahemla (Alma 36:33). The rebellion was
> > > suppressed for the moment.
>
> > > In the land of Nephi [in ~72 BC], Amalickiah, who had escaped, stirred
> > > up the Lamanites to go to war with the Nephites (Alma 47:1). Through
> > > treachery, fraud and deceit Amalickiah took over the Lamanite army and
> > > the kingdom of the Lamanites (Alma 47:5,18-19,24,35). He then
> > > conspired to make war against the Nephites (Alma 48:3). When his army
> > > was formed, he marched toward the Nephite settlements in the land of
> > > Zarahemla (Alma 48:6). When his Lamanite army came to attack the
> > > previously weak (Alma 49:6; Alma 25:2) city of Ammonihah (Alma 49:1),
> > > they were astonished at its heavy fortifications (Alma 49:5); so they
> > > marched on to the land of Noah (Alma 49:12) thinking it might be the
> > > next best place to wage war against the Nephites (Alma 49:12-13). But
> > > Moroni had anticipated these moves; and the Lamanite army was
> > > astonished to learn that Noah had even better fortifications than
> > > Ammonihah (Alma 49:14), AND it was defended by Lehi of whom the
> > > Lamanite army was very fearful (Alma 49:17). In the battle for Noah,
> > > the Lamanites lost over 1,000 soldiers and all their leaders (Alma
> > > 49:23), whereas the Nephites suffered only ~50 wounded (Alma 49:24).
> > > The Lamanite army returned to the land of Nephi after that defeat.
>
> > > In the broader land of Zarahemla, during ~72 and ~71 BC, Moroni caused
> > > all their cities to be fortified (Alma 50:1-6); and during this time
> > > of security, happiness and prosperity (Alma 50:17,23) they inhabited
> > > the east wilderness (Alma 50:9) and set the foundations of the new
> > > eastern cities of Moroni, Nephihah and Lehi (Alma 50:13-15).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~70 and ~56 BC The Nephites in the broader land of Zarahemla were at
> > > peace until the contention concerning the land of Morianton and the
> > > land of Lehi (Alma 50:25, in ~68 BC), which was quelled by Teancum
> > > (Alma 50:35).
> > > In the land of Zarahemla in ~68 BC, Pahoran was elected chief judge
> > > (Alma 50:39-40); and the following year [~67 BC] the king-men faction
> > > wanted to eliminate the judges and return to rule by a king. A
> > > referendum was held on the matter, and the voice of the people came in
> > > favor of the freemen, who wanted to retain the rule of the judges
> > > (Alma 51:7).
>
> > > Meanwhile, the apostate Nephite Amalickiah had refurbished his army of
> > > Lamanites (see above) and came down (Alma 51:12, in ~67 BC) with his
> > > army against the Nephites. The king-men took this as an opportunity to
> > > become instant pacifists, refusing to fight for their country (Alma
> > > 51:13). Moroni responded, with authority from the voice of the people
> > > (Alma 51:15), to compel the king-men to arms, or be slain. "And thus
> > > Moroni put an end to those king-men" (Alma 51:21). While this
> > > insurrection was being quelled, Amalickiah overran the city of Moroni
> > > (Alma 51:23). And because of the distraction (Alma 60:16), Amalickiah
> > > also overran the eastern cities of Nephihah, Lehi, Morianton, Omner,
> > > Gid, and Mulek (Alma 51:26). Fortunately, Teancum met and repelled his
> > > army as they approached the land Bountiful (Alma 51:28-30). Teancum
> > > slew Amalickiah after the ensuing battle (Alma 51:33-34, on the last
> > > day of ~67 BC); and on the morning of the first day of ~66 BC the army
> > > of Amalickiah (then under the direction of the brother of Amalickiah,
> > > whose name was Ammoron) retreated to their fortifications in the city
> > > of Mulek (Alma 52:2-3). Ammoron subsequently escaped from the city of
> > > Mulek and the land of Zarahemla to gather a new Lamanite army, and to
> > > march it forth against the Nephites near the west sea (Alma 52:12).
>
> > > Teancum besieged the city of Mulek (Alma 52:6) while he awaited
> > > reinforcements and assistance from Moroni, who was tied up with the
> > > attacks of Ammoron in the west (Alma 52:11, ~66 BC).
>
> > > In ~65 BC, having secured the west (Alma 52:15), Moroni marched his
> > > army to the land Bountiful, from whence he could help Teancum retake
> > > Mulek, if possible (Alma 52:16).
>
> > > In ~64 BC, Moroni and Teancum liberated the city of Mulek by decoy
> > > (Alma 52:24), slew the Lamanite leader Jacob in battle, and took
> > > prisoners of most of his army (Alma 52:40). Meanwhile, the Lamanites
> > > gained some ground on the west and southwest because of dissentions
> > > among the Nephites there (Alma 53:8-9).
>
> > > Because of the growing threat of the Lamanites in ~66 to ~64 BC, the
> > > sons of the pacifist people of Ammon called themselves Nephites, armed
> > > themselves for battle (Alma 53:16:17) and drafted Helaman to be their
> > > leader (Alma 53:19{10-23}, Alma 56:5). They became known as the 2,000
> > > stripling warriors (Alma 53:22). In the West Wilderness and at Cumeni,
> > > they contributed significantly to the battle of the West Wilderness
> > > and the battle of Cumeni; and they were all preserved from death in
> > > both battles.
>
> > > In ~63 BC  Moroni liberated the Nephite prisoners from the city of Gid
> > > by stratagem (Alma 55:23{3-27}); and later that year prepared to
> > > attack the city of Morianton (Alma 54:33).
>
> > > In ~62 BC, Helaman reported to Moroni of his earlier successes with
> > > the 2,000 stripling warriors against the Lamanites in the West
> > > Wilderness, north of the city of Antiparah, and near the city of Judea
> > > where they had gone to assist Antipus (Alma 56:9). The Lamanites,
> > > under the leadership of the apostate Nephite Ammoron (Alma 56:20) had
> > > already captured the cities of Manti, Zeezrom, Cumeni and Antiparah
> > > (Alma 56:14). Helaman and Antipus decoyed the strongest Lamanite army
> > > out of their stronghold of Antiparah (Alma 56:34-36), and defeated
> > > them in the West Wilderness (Alma 56:54), though Antipus was slain in
> > > the battle (Alma 56:51). Not a single one of the 2,000 stripling
> > > warriors was killed (Alma 56:56), though some were wounded. The
> > > Lamanites fled the city of Antiparah; and it fell into Nephite hands
> > > (Alma 57:4), as did the city of Cumeni (Alma 57:12), which they retook
> > > after a counter-attack (Alma 57:23), along with the city of Manti
> > > (Alma 58:21). [The record of Helaman's exploits with the 2,000
> > > stripling warriors in the city of Judea, and the cities of Manti,
> > > Zeezrom, Cumeni and Antiparah, etc., is contained in Alma 56-58 as a
> > > flashback in a letter to Moroni. In the West Wilderness and at Cumeni,
> > > they contributed significantly to the battle of the West Wilderness
> > > and the battle of Cumeni; and they were all preserved from death in
> > > both battles.]
>
> > > In ~62 BC, Moroni wrote to the land of Zarahemla to chief judge
> > > Pahoran twice asking for better support of Helaman's and his own war
> > > efforts (Alma 59:3, Alma 60). He learned that Pahoran has been deposed
> > > and exiled by Pachus (the leader of a revived group of king-men) to
> > > the land of Gideon (Alma 61:5). Moroni raised his standard of liberty
> > > (Alma 62:4) and gathered an army to reinstate Pahoran (Alma 62:5) and
> > > the freedom of the Nephites (Alma 62:8, in ~61 BC). Moroni and Pahoran
> > > then liberated the city of Nephihah (Alma 62:14-26), the city of Lehi
> > > (Alma 62:30-31), other cities (Alma 62:32) and the city of Moroni
> > > (Alma 62:38).
>
> > > In ~61 BC, Lamanite king Ammoron (brother of Lamanite king Amalickiah--
> > > see above) was slain by Teancum in the Land of Moroni. Ammoron's death
> > > brought to an end a decade (~72 BC, Alma 47:35 to ~61 BC, Alma 62:36)
> > > during which the Lamanites had subjected themselves to kings and
> > > military leaders who were apostate Nephites.(!) This was a
> > > particularly difficult time for the Nephites because the Lamanite
> > > leaders--especially field commanders (Alma 48:5)--were familiar with
> > > Nephite fortifications, defense methods, training routines,
> > > weaknesses, etc. Fortunately, the Nephites had very good military
> > > leadership during this period: Moroni, Lehi and Teancum (Alma 62:34),
> > > all formidable commanders whom the Lamanites feared (Alma 49:17).
>
> > > In ~60 BC, Moroni retired to his home in the city of Zarahemla (Alma
> > > 62:42-43), Pahoran returned to his judgment-seat (Alma 62:44), and
> > > Helaman went to preach the word of God to the Nephite people (Alma
> > > 62:45). There was peace among the Nephites until ~57 BC when Helaman
> > > died. Moroni died the following year [~56 BC].
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~55 and ~54 BC A great many people (5,400 men with their wives and
> > > children, and later others) migrated from the greater land of
> > > Zarahemla into the land northward (Alma 63:4). Hagoth's ships were
> > > also launched containing many more men with their wives and children;
> > > and the first ship sailed to the land northward from the west coast of
> > > the narrow neck of land (Alma 63:5).
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~52 and ~31 BC The main setting for the book of Helaman is in the land
> > > of Zarahemla, from which there were many migrations into the land
> > > northward (Helaman 3:3).
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, in ~52 BC, Kishkumen murdered the chief
> > > judge Pahoran, who was the son of Pahoran (Helaman 1:9). This was the
> > > beginnings of the Gadianton Robbers (Helaman 6:18; see also the note
> > > at the city of Kishkumen).
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, in ~51 BC, Coriantumr, a dissident former
> > > Nephite [and not the last surviving Jaredite of the same name (Omni
> > > 1:21-22)] led a Lamanite army (Helaman 1:15-16) into the center of the
> > > Nephite land of Zarahemla, and easily took possession of the city of
> > > Zarahemla (Helaman 1:18-20). But he hadn't read his military history,
> > > because he then pressed on in his greed to capture also the city
> > > Bountiful (Helaman 1:23). He was met by Lehi's army on that march, and
> > > by Moronihah's army in his rear as he tried to retreat to the city of
> > > Zarahemla. His army was defeated, and Coriantumr was slain (Helaman
> > > 1:32). Moronihah then retook the city of Zarahemla restoring peace
> > > (Helaman 1:33).
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, in ~50 BC, Kishkumen attempted to murder
> > > Helaman on his judgment-seat (Helaman 2:2-3), but was slain in the
> > > attempt (Helaman 2:9). Gadianton then took over leadership of what
> > > became the Gadianton robbers (Helaman 6:18), and they fled into the
> > > wilderness (Helaman 2:11).
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, in ~49 through ~46 BC, there was an uneasy
> > > peace, and some internal dissention. During that time a great many
> > > Nephites departed out of the land of Zarahemla, and migrated to the
> > > land northward (Helaman 3:3). Many of the people of Ammon (former
> > > Lamanites) also migrated to the land northward (Helaman 3:12). The
> > > uneasy peace with its great deal of internal dissention (Helaman 3:19)
> > > lasted a few more years until some of the dissention abated by ~43 BC
> > > resulting in greater prosperity and spiritual enlightenment (Helaman
> > > 3:26). By ~39 BC, when Helaman died and his son Nephi was elected to
> > > fill the judgment-seat, pride and more dissention had again crept into
> > > their midst (Helaman 3:36-37).
>
> > > By ~34 BC, with the help of Nephite dissenters, the Lamanites came
> > > down and captured most of the land of Zarahemla. Moronihah and his
> > > army defended the land Bountiful, and by ~31 BC they had regained
> > > about half of these cities (Helaman 4:10).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~30 and ~21 BC In ~30 BC, Nephi gave up the judgment-seat and with his
> > > brother Lehi preached throughout the cities Bountiful, Gid and Mulek
> > > (Helaman 5:16), and from there to the land of Zarahemla, among the
> > > Lamanites (Helaman 5:16) with much success, including some 8,000
> > > converts (Helaman 5:19).
> > > Lehi and Nephi went from there to preach to the Lamanites in the land
> > > of Nephi where they were imprisoned in Shilom (Helaman 5:21) where
> > > Ammon was imprisoned nearly ~100 years earlier (Mosiah 7:7; ~121 BC).
> > > When their captors came to slay them, Lehi and Nephi were given great
> > > power to withstand them, being encircled with fire, etc., (Helaman
> > > 5:23 ff). The result was the conversion of ~300 souls (Helaman 5:49),
> > > who in turn converted most of the Lamanites in the land of Nephi
> > > (Helaman 5:50) by the end of ~29 BC. The converted Lamanites gave back
> > > all the cities in the land of Zarahemla which they had conquered
> > > (Helaman 5:52). Peace and harmony between the Lamanites and the
> > > Nephites reigned until about ~27 BC (Helaman 6:1-14).
>
> > > In ~26 and ~25 BC, the Nephites began to set their hearts upon their
> > > riches, and became wicked again (Helaman 6:17), being led by the
> > > Gadianton robbers (Helaman 6:26, 6:39). By ~24 BC, most of the
> > > Nephites had turned to wickedness (Helaman 6:34) They combined with
> > > the Gadianton robbers to take over the sole management of the
> > > government (Helaman 6:39), and to fill the judgment-seats (Helaman
> > > 7:4). The Lamanites remained for the most part righteous, and were
> > > able to destroy the Gadianton robbers from among them (Helaman 6:37).
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, in ~23 BC, Nephi returned from preaching in
> > > the land northward (Helaman 7:1), prayed in his garden (in the city of
> > > Zarahemla) and preached concerning the wickedness of the Nephites
> > > (Helaman 7:10). He was accused of being complicit in a murder he had
> > > prophesied (Helaman 8:27; 9:16); but he was later exonerated (Helaman
> > > 9:36-38). Nephi was again blessed with great power (Helaman 10:5-10),
> > > and spent the next few years in the ministry (Helaman 10:12).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~20 and ~7 BC In the greater land of Zarahemla, between ~20 and ~16
> > > BC, there was much war and wickedness (Helaman 11:1-2). And then there
> > > came a famine instead at Nephi's request (Helaman 11:4). The Nephites
> > > began to repent, and in ~16 BC the famine was turned away, and rain
> > > came (Helaman 11:17), again at Nephi's request (Helaman 11:10-16).
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, between ~16 and ~14 BC, the Nephites were
> > > more righteous and prosperous (Helaman 11:20-21). But by ~12 BC the
> > > dissenters were at war with the Nephites again (Helaman 11:24). By ~7
> > > BC there was much wickedness among the  Nephites (Helaman 11:37:38).
>
> > > In ~6 BC the Nephites remained in their wickedness, but the Lamanites
> > > kept the commandments according to the law of Moses (Helaman 13:1).
>
> > > Between
> > > ~6 and ~2 BC In the land of Zarahemla, in ~6 BC, one Samuel, a
> > > Lamanite, came among the Nephites to preach repentance (Helaman 13:2)
> > > and to prophesy (Helaman 13:13 ff); but he was rejected.
> > > From atop the walls of the city of Zarahemla Samuel prophesied of the
> > > Savior's birth in Jerusalem in 5 years (Helaman 14:2), along with the
> > > signs of both His birth (Helaman 14:3-8, 14:12-13) and His death in
> > > Jerusalem (Helaman 14:14:14-28).
>
> > > Samuel prophesied of the ultimate fates of the Nephites and the
> > > Lamanites (Helaman 15).
>
> > > Some Nephites repented and were converted; most did not (Helaman
> > > 16:1-2).
>
> > > Righteousness generally declined over the following 5 years (Helaman
> > > 16:10-25). Even though there were many signs, prophesies, miracles and
> > > wonders (Helaman 16:23), Satan stirred them up to iniquity continually
> > > (Helaman 16:22).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~1 and ~33 AD In the greater land of Zarahemla, in ~1 AD, the
> > > unbelievers set a date when they would put to death all the believers
> > > if Samuel's sign [a day and a night and a day without darkness -
> > > Helaman 14:4] of Christ's birth had not been seen by then (3 Nephi
> > > 1:9).
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, the believers' spiritual leader, Nephi, son
> > > of Nephi, son of Helaman, went to pray about the impending
> > > destruction, and was answered that on that night would the sign be
> > > given (3 Nephi 1:13) and the Savior would be born on the morrow (in
> > > Bethlehem near Jerusalem). And "at the going down of the sun there was
> > > no darkness; ..." (3 Nephi 1:15). Later, "... there was no darkness in
> > > all that night, but it was as light as though it was mid-day. And it
> > > came to pass that the sun did rise in the morning again, according to
> > > its proper order; and they knew that it was the day that the Lord
> > > should be born, because of the sign which had been given" (3 Nephi
> > > 1:19), and a new star did appear (3 Nephi 1:21).
>
> > > After the sign was given, and a majority of the people had been
> > > converted (3 Nephi 1:22), there was peace and harmony for a few years;
> > > but soon [~5 AD] they again began to dwindle in unbelief (3 Nephi
> > > 2:1), and to wax strong in wickedness and abominations (3 Nephi 2:3).
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, in ~8 or ~9 AD, the Nephites changed their
> > > reckoning of time to measure from the time when the sign was given of
> > > the birth of the Savior (3 Nephi 2:8).
>
> > > In the land of Zarahemla, by ~15 AD, there was virtually continuous
> > > warfare between the Nephites and the Gadianton robbers (3 Nephi
> > > 2:11-19) in which many battles were won by the robbers.
>
> > > During the next several years, the Nephites prepared for a great
> > > battle with the robbers of Gadianton (3 Nephi 3:1-12) under the
> > > direction of Lachoneus and Gidgiddoni. They gathered with all their
> > > substance (~17 AD; 3 Nephi 3:12-22) to their place of security in the
> > > area around and between the land of Zarahemla, the land Bountiful and
> > > south of the land Desolation (3 Nephi 3:23). [They gathered both from
> > > the land northward and the land southward to which they returned ~9
> > > years later (3 Nephi 6:2)].
>
> > > By the end of ~18 AD, the robbers began to attack their place of
> > > security at its borders (3 Nephi 4:1). But because the Nephites had
> > > left the land around it empty of crops, flocks and herds (3 Nephi
> > > 4:3-5), there was no wherewithal for the robber armies' subsistence in
> > > battle. Even when not fighting, the Gadianton robbers subsisted by
> > > plunder of the Nephites (3 Nephi 2:11), an option no longer available
> > > to them. Therefore, in the middle of ~19 AD the robbers started a
> > > ferocious battle (3 Nephi 4:7) in the Nephites' place of security. In
> > > this battle there was a greater slaughter on both sides than in any
> > > battle since ~600 BC when Lehi left Jerusalem (3 Nephi 4:11); but in
> > > this battle the robbers lost, and their leader was slain.
>
> > > By ~21 AD the robbers again tried to lay siege around the Nephites'
> > > place of security, but they had to withdraw for want of provisions (3
> > > Nephi 4:18-19,22). They wanted to retreat to the land northward (3
> > > Nephi 4:23); but the Nephites anticipated it, and by strategy caught
> > > them both in their front and in their rear as they marched (3 Nephi
> > > 4:25), defeating the robbers summarily (3 Nephi 5:6) and slaying their
> > > leader. The Nephites then lived in peace and righteousness from ~21
> > > through ~25 AD (3 Nephi 5:3-7).
>
> > > In ~26 AD the Nephites returned from their place of security to their
> > > own lands in the greater land of Zarahemla and both in the land
> > > northward and the land southward (3 Nephi 6:1-2).
>
> > > But by ~29 AD some disputations arose (3 Nephi 6:10), including pride
> > > and distinction by ranks according to their riches and chances for
> > > learning (3 Nephi 6:12). By ~30 AD, Satan had stirred them up to all
> > > manner of iniquity (3 Nephi 6:15-16). By ~31 AD, many prophets came to
> > > warn the Nephites of the need for repentance (3 Nephi 6:20). Some of
> > > these prophets were secretly executed (3 Nephi 6:23), the chief judge
> > > was murdered, judgment by rule of law disintegrated (3 Nephi 6:28-30)
> > > and the reigns of the Judges came to a close (3 Nephi 7:1-3,6). With
> > > the destruction of the government through secret combinations, the
> > > people regulated their affairs by dividing into tribes (3 Nephi
> > > 7:2-3,6).
>
> > > Before the end of ~30 AD, the most wicked faction elected one Jacob to
> > > be their king (3 Nephi 7:10), and departed for the northernmost part
> > > of the land (3 Nephi 7:12). Although Nephi ministered powerfully among
> > > the tribes (3 Nephi 7:18-21), few were converted. During ~32 and ~33
> > > AD a few more converts were made (3 Nephi 7:23-26). This period
> > > between ~30 and ~33 AD was the same period of Christ's ministry among
> > > the Jews around Jerusalem. There are some parallels between the power
> > > and levels of acceptance of Nephi's teachings and those of Christ (3
> > > Nephi 7).
>
> > > .
> > > ~34 AD In the first month of ~34 AD (the month we call April) many
> > > began to look for the sign (three days of darkness) that Samuel had
> > > prophesied would come (Helaman 14:14-28) when the Savior was crucified
> > > at Jerusalem (3 Nephi 8:3).
> > > On the fourth day of that month there arose a great storm and tempest
> > > (3 Nephi 8:5). There was such destruction (3 Nephi 8:8-10) that the
> > > city of Zarahemla took fire; the city of Moroni sank in the depths of
> > > the sea; a mountain covered the city of Moronihah; and there was great
> > > and terrible destruction in the land southward and in the land
> > > northward, and the whole face of the land was changed (3 Nephi
> > > 8:11-12). During about three hours (3 Nephi 8:19) great destruction
> > > reigned.
>
> > > The destruction was followed by thick darkness (3 Nephi 8:20-22) in
> > > which no fire or light could be lit, and some were overcome by it (3
> > > Nephi 10:13). It lasted for three days (3 Nephi 8:23).
>
> > > All the people of the land then heard the voice (3 Nephi 9:1-2) of the
> > > Savior inviting them to repentance, and explaining that many cities
> > > [Zarahemla, Moroni, Moronihah, Gilgal, Onihah, Mocum, Jerusalem,
> > > Gadiandi, Gadiomnah, Jacob, Gimgimno, Jacobugath, Laman, Josh, Gad and
> > > Kishkumen - 3 Nephi 9:3-10] had been destroyed so that the blood of
> > > the prophets and saints would no more come to Him against them. The
> > > whole face of the land had been changed (3 Nephi 8:12), the face of
> > > the whole earth became deformed (3 Nephi 8:17), and some of the
> > > shorelines were changed (4 Nephi 1:9).
>
> > > The voice of the Savior explained that some had been spared because
> > > they were more righteous than those who had been destroyed (3 Nephi
> > > 9:13), and inviting them to repent, be converted and be healed (3
> > > Nephi 9:14). The voice then stopped, and silence reigned for many
> > > hours (3 Nephi 10:1). The voice of the Savior then resumed (3 Nephi
> > > 10:3), inviting the people to repent and return to Him with full
> > > purpose of heart (3 Nephi 10:6). And the darkness dispersed (3 Nephi
> > > 10:9).
>
> > > Later in ~34 AD (perhaps nearer the end of that year - 3 Nephi 10:18),
> > > as the people were gathered at the temple in the land Bountiful, a
> > > voice from heaven was again heard (3 Nephi 11:1-3). Initially they
> > > could not understand the voice (3 Nephi 11:3-4); but the third time,
> > > they heard it, saying, "Behold my Beloved Son, in whom I am well
> > > pleased, in whom I have glorified my name—hear ye him." (3 Nephi
> > > 11:7).
>
> > > 3 Nephi 11:8-10 - And it came to pass, as they understood they cast
> > > their eyes up again towards heaven; and behold, they saw a Man
> > > descending out of heaven; and he was clothed in a white robe; and he
> > > came down and stood in the midst of them; and the eyes of the whole
> > > multitude were turned upon him, and they durst not open their mouths,
> > > even one to another, and wist not what it meant, for they thought it
> > > was an angel that had appeared unto them. And it came to pass that he
> > > stretched forth his hand and spake unto the people, saying: Behold, I
> > > am Jesus Christ, whom the prophets testified shall come into the
> > > world.
> > > The Savior then invited them to come forth and feel the nail prints in
> > > his hands and feet that they  might know he was the God of Israel who
> > > had been slain for the sins of the world (3 Nephi 11:14). The Savior
> > > then ordained Nephi, giving him power to baptize (3 Nephi 11:21-22);
> > > and He called twelve others and likewise gave them power to baptize.
> > > And the Savior taught the multitude His doctrine (3 Nephi 11:23 ff),
> > > including the beatitudes (3 Nephi 12), etc., (compare Matthew 5-7).
> > > After a lengthy sermon, the Savior invited the people to return home,
> > > to pray unto the Father for help in understanding all His words, and
> > > to return on the morrow for more instruction (3 Nephi 17:3). But
> > > before He left, He invited them to bring all their sick, lame, blind,
> > > halt, maimed, leprous, withered, deaf, dumb or who were afflicted an
> > > any manner (3 Nephi 17:7,9) to Him, and He would heal them. When that
> > > was done, He commanded that their little children should be brought to
> > > Him (3 Nephi 17:11) for a blessing. Great manifestations from heaven
> > > ensued, including angels from heaven administering to the children (3
> > > Nephi 17:24).
>
> > > After the blessing of the children, the Savior administered bread and
> > > wine to the multitude (3 Nephi 18:3-9). After more instruction
> > > concerning the sacrament, about prayer and other conduct (3 Nephi
> > > 18:10-25), and after further instruction and giving the twelve
> > > disciples power to bestow the gift of the Holy Ghost upon those who
> > > were baptized (3 Nephi 18:26-37), the Savior ascended into heaven in a
> > > cloud.
>
> > > That night all in the region were alerted concerning the return of the
> > > Savior the next day (3 Nephi 19:3) at the temple in the land
> > > Bountiful. And the next day when He came, Nephi baptized the twelve
> > > who were chosen to  minister to the people (3 Nephi 19:12), the Holy
> > > Ghost fell upon them (3 Nephi 19:13-14), and there was a great
> > > outpouring of prayer (3 Nephi 19:18-35).
>
> > > Following the prayers, bread and wine were miraculously provided, and
> > > the sacrament was administered to the multitude (3 Nephi 20:3-7). The
> > > Savior reminded them that they were descendants of Joseph of old [who
> > > was sold into Egypt (Genesis 37:28; 3 Nephi 20:16,22)]; and He gave
> > > them much further instruction in gospel-centered living (3 Nephi
> > > 20-28), quoting Isaiah, Malachi and other ancient prophtes. He taught
> > > them for three days; and after that He showed Himself unto them often,
> > > and broke bread with them (3 Nephi 26:13). And then He departed.
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~35 and ~321 AD By ~35 and ~36 AD in all the lands [both in the land
> > > northward and in the land southward] the Nephites were all converted
> > > and lived in righteousness and prosperity (4 Nephi 1:1-2).
> > > 4 Nephi 1:2-3 - And it came to pass in the thirty and sixth year, the
> > > people were all converted unto the Lord, upon all the face of the
> > > land, both Nephites and Lamanites, and there were no contentions and
> > > disputations among them, and every man did deal justly one with
> > > another. And they had all things common among them; therefore there
> > > were not rich and poor, bond and free, but they were all made free,
> > > and partakers of the heavenly gift.
> > > During ~38 AD the disciples of Jesus wrought great works among the
> > > Nephites (4 Nephi 1:5).
> > > 4 Nephi 1:5 - And there were great and marvelous works wrought by the
> > > disciples of Jesus, insomuch that they did heal the sick, and raise
> > > the dead, and cause the lame to walk, and the blind to receive their
> > > sight, and the deaf to hear; and all manner of miracles did they work
> > > among the children of men; and in nothing did they work miracles save
> > > it were in the name of Jesus.
> > > By ~110 AD they still lived in peace and prosperity (4 Nephi 1:14).
> > > 4 Nephi 1:15-18 - And it came to pass that there was no contention in
> > > the land, because of the love of God which did dwell in the hearts of
> > > the people. And there were no envyings, nor strifes, nor tumults, nor
> > > whoredoms, nor lyings, nor murders, nor any manner of lasciviousness;
> > > and surely there could not be a happier people among all the people
> > > who had been created by the hand of God. There were no robbers, nor
> > > murderers, neither were there Lamanites, nor any manner of -ites; but
> > > they were in one, the children of Christ, and heirs to the kingdom of
> > > God. And how blessed were they! For the Lord did bless them in all
> > > their doings; yea, even they were blessed and prospered until an
> > > hundred and ten years had passed away; and the first generation from
> > > Christ had passed away, and there was no contention in all the land.
> > > By ~194 AD a few had revolted from the church and called themselves
> > > Lamanites (4 Nephi 1:20).
> > > By ~201 AD a few more became lifted up in pride (4 Nephi 1:24), they
> > > no longer kept their goods in common (4 Nephi 1:25), they began to be
> > > divided by classes (4 Nephi 1:26), etc., and by ~210 AD there were
> > > many churches and great wickedness because Satan got a firm hold on
> > > their hearts (4 Nephi 1:28).
>
> > > By ~244 AD there were quite a few more wicked people than true
> > > believers (4 Nephi 1:40).
>
> > > By ~260 AD the dissenters began again to build up the secret oaths and
> > > combinations of Gadianton (4 Nephi 1:42).
>
> > > By ~300 AD virtually the entire population was mired in wickedness (4
> > > Nephi 1:45).
>
> > > By ~320 AD Ammaron hid the record [in the land Antum at the hill Shim,
> > > near the city of Jashon (Mormon 2:17)] to preserve it for future
> > > generations (4 Nephi 1:48).
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~322 and ~384 AD In ~322 AD, Mormon, as a ten-year-old (likely in the
> > > land northward), was commanded by Ammoron to remember the things he
> > > observed among the Nephites during the next 14 years, and write them
> > > on plates he would find in the land Antum at the hill Shim when he
> > > reached age 24 (Mormon 1:3-4). A little later, Mormon's father carried
> > > Mormon (likely from the land northward) into the land southward and to
> > > the land of Zarahemla (Mormon 1:6).
> > > In the land southward in ~322 AD there were battles with the Lamanites
> > > at a location between the city of Zarahemla and the river Sidon. These
> > > battles were won by the Nephites, and for about four years there was
> > > an uneasy peace (Mormon 1:12).
>
> > > In the land southward in ~326 AD Mormon (as a 16-year-old) led the
> > > Nephite armies; but they were frightened into a retreat toward the
> > > north (Mormon 2:3) and west toward the sea. The Nephites were driven
> > > out of the city of Angola and the city of David; but by ~330 AD they
> > > defeated the Lamanites at Joshua by the west seashore (Mormon 2:4-9).
>
> > > By ~345 AD, the Nephites were again in retreat before the Gadianton
> > > and Lamanite armies, moving farther to the north; and the Nephites
> > > were not able to stop the Lamanite thrust until they got to the city
> > > of Jashon (Mormon 2:16), which was near Antum and the hill Shim
> > > (Mormon 2:17) in the land northward where Ammoron had hidden the
> > > plates in ~320 AD.
>
> > > In the land northward in ~346 AD the Nephites had retreated further to
> > > the city of Shem (Mormon 2:20) where they fortified the city to meet
> > > the Gadianton and Lamanite armies (Mormon 2:21). In the subsequent
> > > battles, the Nephites beat the Lamanites, and drove them southward
> > > until, by ~350 AD they were able to make a treaty with the Lamanites
> > > regarding a division of the lands (Mormon 2:28).
>
> > > Mormon 2:29  - And the Lamanites did give unto us the land northward,
> > > yea, even to the narrow passage which led into the land southward. And
> > > we did give unto the Lamanites all the land southward.
> > > In the land northward for the next decade, Mormon tried in vain to
> > > convince the Nephites to repent of their wickedness (Mormon 3:3). By
> > > ~360 AD they had fortified the narrow pass against the Lamanites
> > > (Mormon 3:5-6). As a result, the Nephites repelled Lamanite attacks in
> > > ~361 and ~362 AD (Mormon 3:7-8). But they began to boast improperly
> > > about their victories, so Mormon resigned as their military leader
> > > (Mormon 3:11).
> > > In the land northward between ~363 and ~367 AD there were many battles
> > > near the cities of Desolation and Teancum, and near the Narrow Pass in
> > > which the Nephites ultimately prevailed (Mormon 4:15), even though
> > > they continued in their wickedness (Mormon 4:11), greater wickeness,
> > > in fact, than any among the house of Israel previously (Mormon 4:12).
>
> > > In ~375 AD the Lamanites came down against them in strength (Mormon
> > > 4:17).
>
> > > Mormon 4:18 - And from this time forth did the Nephites gain no power
> > > over the Lamanites, but began to be swept off by them even as a dew
> > > before the sun.
> > > In the land northward after the Lamanites took the city and land
> > > Desolation, and the city of Boaz (Mormon 4:19-20), Mormon could see
> > > they were going to overthrow the land, so he retrieved all the records
> > > from the hill Shim (Mormon 4:23).
> > > In the land northward shortly after ~375 AD, Mormon relented and was
> > > again given command of the Nephite armies (Mormon 5:1). The Nephites
> > > then retreated to the city of Jordan (Mormon 5:3). And although they
> > > retained some cities (Mormon 5:4), the Lamanites sacked and burned
> > > many others (Mormon 5:5) by ~379 AD.
>
> > > In the land northward in ~380 AD a great battle began, in which the
> > > Lamanites swept the Nephites before them (Mormon 5:6). Mormon saw that
> > > the Nephites' cause was all but lost (Mormon 5:7).
>
> > > Mormon 5:18-19 - But now, behold, they are led about by Satan, even as
> > > chaff is driven before the wind, or as a vessel is tossed about upon
> > > the waves, without sail or anchor, or without anything wherewith to
> > > steer her; and even as she is, so are they. And behold, the Lord hath
> > > reserved their blessings, which they might have received in the land,
> > > for the Gentiles who shall possess the land.
> > > In the land northward just before ~385 AD, Mormon arranged with the
> > > Lamanites for a great final battle in the land of Cumorah by the hill
> > > Cumorah (Mormon 6:2).
> > > .
> > > ~385 AD In the land northward in ~385 AD, the Nephites gathered to the
> > > hill Cumorah for the battle to their destruction against the Lamanites
> > > (Mormon 6:4-5).
> > > Still in the land northward Mormon, being old, and knowing it to be
> > > their last battle, hid the plates in the hill Cumorah, leaving only
> > > the last few to his son Moroni to finish (Mormon 6:6). With dread he
> > > and something like a quarter of a million of his soldiers plus their
> > > families awaited the onslaught of an innumerable company of the
> > > Lamanites:
>
> > > Mormon 6:7-22 - And it came to pass that my people, with their wives
> > > and their children, did now behold the armies of the Lamanites
> > > marching towards them; and with that awful fear of death which fills
> > > the breasts of all the wicked, did they await to receive them.
> > > 8 And it came to pass that they came to battle against us, and every
> > > soul was filled with terror because of the greatness of their
> > > numbers.
>
> > > 9 And it came to pass that they did fall upon my people with the
> > > sword, and with the bow, and with the arrow, and with the ax, and with
> > > all manner of weapons of war.
>
> > > 10 And it came to pass that my men were hewn down, yea, even my ten
> > > thousand who were with me, and I fell wounded in the midst; and they
> > > passed by me that they did not put an end to my life.
>
> > > 11 And when they had gone through and hewn down all my people save it
> > > were twenty and four of us, (among whom was my son Moroni) and we
> > > having survived the dead of our people, did behold on the morrow, when
> > > the Lamanites had returned unto their camps, from the top of the hill
> > > Cumorah, the ten thousand of my people who were hewn down, being led
> > > in the front by me.
>
> > > 12 And we also beheld the ten thousand of my people who were led by my
> > > son Moroni.
>
> > > 13 And behold, the ten thousand of Gidgiddonah had fallen, and he also
> > > in the midst.
>
> > > 14 And Lamah had fallen with his ten thousand; and Gilgal had fallen
> > > with his ten thousand; and Limhah had fallen with his ten thousand;
> > > and Jeneum had fallen with his ten thousand; and Cumenihah, and
> > > Moronihah, and Antionum, and Shiblom, and Shem, and Josh, had fallen
> > > with their ten thousand each.
>
> > > 15 And it came to pass that there were ten more who did fall by the
> > > sword, with their ten thousand each; yea, even all my people, save it
> > > were those twenty and four who were with me, and also a few who had
> > > escaped into the south countries, and a few who had deserted over unto
> > > the Lamanites, had fallen; and their flesh, and bones, and blood lay
> > > upon the face of the earth, being left by the hands of those who slew
> > > them to molder upon the land, and to crumble and to return to their
> > > mother earth.
>
> > > 16 And my soul was rent with anguish, because of the slain of my
> > > people, and I cried:
>
> > > 17 O ye fair ones, how could ye have departed from the ways of the
> > > Lord! O ye fair ones, how could ye have rejected that Jesus, who stood
> > > with open arms to receive you!
>
> > > 18 Behold, if ye had not done this, ye would not have fallen. But
> > > behold, ye are fallen, and I mourn your loss.
>
> > > 19 O ye fair sons and daughters, ye fathers and mothers, ye husbands
> > > and wives, ye fair ones, how is it that ye could have fallen!
>
> > > 20 But behold, ye are gone, and my sorrows cannot bring your return.
>
> > > 21 And the day soon cometh that your mortal must put on immortality,
> > > and these bodies which are now moldering in corruption must soon
> > > become incorruptible bodies; and then ye must stand before the
> > > judgment-seat of Christ, to be judged according to your works; and if
> > > it so be that ye are righteous, then are ye blessed with your fathers
> > > who have gone before you.
>
> > > 22 O that ye had repented before this great destruction had come upon
> > > you. But behold, ye are gone, and the Father, yea, the Eternal Father
> > > of heaven, knoweth your state; and he doeth with you according to his
> > > justice and mercy.
>
> > > .
> > > Between
> > > ~386 and ~421 AD By ~401 AD, Moroni reported that his father Mormon
> > > had been killed, and that he alone had been left alive to finish and
> > > preserve the record while hiding from the Lamanites (Mormon 8:1-6). He
> > > gave us his final testimony of the Savior and of the value of
> > > righteous living (Mormon 9); he abridged the record of the Jaredites
> > > (Moroni 1:1) to include it (as the Book of Ether); and he closed his
> > > record.
> > > By ~421 AD, Moroni, having thought he would be long dead (Moroni 1:4),
> > > added a few more words of encouragement and information (Moroni 2-10),
> > > including specifically for readers in our day:
>
> > > Moroni 10:3-4 - Behold, I would exhort you that when ye shall read
> > > these things, if it be wisdom in God that ye should read them, that ye
> > > would remember how merciful the Lord hath been unto the children of
> > > men, from the creation of Adam even down until the time that ye shall
> > > receive these things, and ponder it in your hearts. And when ye shall
> > > receive these things, I would exhort you that ye would ask God, the
> > > Eternal Father, in the name of Christ, if these things are not true;
> > > and if ye shall ask with a sincere heart, with real intent, having
> > > faith in Christ, he will manifest the truth of it unto you, by the
> > > power of the Holy Ghost.
> > > He also included some letters from his Father Mormon from before his
> > > death (Moroni 7-9); and he closed and buried the completed record:
> > > Moroni 10:34 - And now I bid unto all, farewell. I soon go to rest in
> > > the paradise of God, until my spirit and body shall again reunite, and
> > > I am brought forth triumphant through the air, to meet you before the
> > > pleasing bar of the great Jehovah, the Eternal Judge of both quick and
> > > dead. Amen.
> > > .
>
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