Recounting a bit of general advice from Wally Shaw.
His point of view is that bee colonies are smarter than beekeepers
when it comes to judging how they should manage succession.
To take away all but one queen allows them no choice but to try to
win with the hand they're dealt. No other cards to play with.
If they had their own choice between multiple queens they would
certainly disfavor any queen that
was defective from the get-go or was in some way below par. like
discarding bad cards in hope the new cards help the hand.
His point is that all (virgin) queens are not the same or
interchangeable.
We mere humans can't tell which virgin queens are better and which
ones are worse for the colony. We can't evaluate their pheromones;
they can.
A queen breeder would produce a number of queens (like a colony
would produce a number of supersedure cells)
and the queen breeder would put one queen cell in each mating nuc.
The queen breeder would be pleased with 80 or 90% mating success.
Some of those mating nucs end up queenless or with failed queens.
Isn't that a clue to us that not all those queens were quality
stock? (either grafted cells or supersedure cells)
The queen is the raw material. The ultimate heart of the colony is
the Mated queen.
The more drones she mates with, the more diverse the drones, the
better because each is responsible for a Patraline in the colony.
(conventional wisdom of 10 to 20 drones is imo a lower limit)
It turns out that certain patralines sniff out the Varroa (or in
general the otherwise) infected pupa cells and uncap them.
Different patralines in the colony either tear out the pupa (VSH
trait or disposition of other fatal pathogens like AFB), or recap
the pupa after the foundress mite leaves.
Other patrilines influence environmental control. That's the tip
of the iceberg.
Another thing... Large scale queen breeders pull queens out of
mating nucs as soon as they see eggs.
It takes several weeks of more-or-less continuous egg laying to
mature queen ovaries, and there is a Window for ovary development.
Too big an interruption in laying can result in stunted development
of the ovaries.
Poorly developed ovaries make for an inferior queen, and low quality
colony.
So a reasonable to not have high expectations for a mailorder queen
compared to one naturally produced and mated in the apiary.
We let the process evolve naturally.
We should be glad we Don't live in an area with africanized
bees, because those beekeepers have to depend entirely on mailorder
queens.
(the queens they would raise from their italian mothers would mate
with africanized drones, with the result those colonies would 100%
express africanized traits
- reliable info on mating from Eric Mussen)
Each of us is master of our own colonies.
We each have to figure out when we should interfere and how, as
well as when we should leave things alone.
We also have to judge when ideas we encounter are useful, when
they're useful for someone else, or when they're entirely wrong.
Plus we all believe a lot of things that aren't true (not limited to
beekeeping either).
The above is queen stuff is what I've picked up or noticed since
taking up beekeeping in 2011. I'm comfortable with it.
jerry