Re: Return To Castle Wolfenstein Game Hack Password
Nadia Grubb
While working on a project, I stumbled upon an interesting issue - how to force the user to reauthenticate in an application - for example when accessing some sensitive information? While it may seem quite straightforward from the documentation of Azure AD, it is not that simple, and if you are using prompt=login to reauthenticate the user, I quite suggest you read on.
So when I started solving the issue, I looked into the Authorization Flow documentation and found the following: when you add a prompt=login into the authorization URL, will make the user reauthenticate - so I assumed: Hey! This is exactly what I need, let's use it.
However after implementing this (very simple and straightforward), I thought, let's try to be a bad user and avoid reauthentication! So when the user got forwarded to the authorization URL and prompted for their password, I removed the prompt=login from the URL, refreshed the page and believe it or not, I was signed into the application and seen the "sensitive" information!
It was time to dig a bit deeper into this on the token level. So after logging in with prompt=login and without it, I discovered that the tokens are basically the same. So despites the user entering their credentials, there was no way to actually authenticate whether they really did it. So while visually this did what you wanted the regular user to see, on the background, there were no measures to detect what happened.
So after few desperate Google searches, I took a look into the OIDC RFC and found out, that you can append max_age= to the authorization URL (or just put 0 to force password authentication at all times). So once user gets redirected to the URL, they will be presented with an information to login again:
Now this looked better then just the screen with prompt=login which shown plain login screen without account selection and information about what happened which is quite important from the user prospective.
But this was just cosmetic, does it let us distinguish the situation on the backend? Yes! When the user is returned after authentication to your application, the id_token is going to contain a claim called auth_time. This claim holds the Unix timestamp of when the user entered the password last. The last thing to do was to validate this information.
Validation is quite simple, the RFC, specifies it like this: check the auth_time Claim value and request re-authentication if it determines too much time has elapsed since the last End-User authentication.
Note that we are also passing ChallengeBehavior.Unauthorized there, which results in the request not failing with Forbidden, but allows it to proceed (this took me a while to figure out, solution found on GitHub).
We are going to validate the id_token's auth_time claim within the specific controller, which in my opinion makes the most sense. We are going to achieve that by implementing Attribute and IResourceFilter, to create our own attribute filter.
Just additional update: When you want to require the user to use MFA for login session, you can modify the code above and instead of checking the authentication time you will be check for authentication method reference in the token. If it contains mfa it means that user has used Multi Factor Authentication for this session, additionally if it contains pwd it also means the user authenticated using their password.
In order to force MFA to be used, you have to append amr_values=mfa to the authorization URL for the user. To do this with OpenIdConnectMiddleware in ASP.NET Core, you have to do following in place for setting MaxAuth:
So first off, this article was made during ASP.NET Core 1.0 / 1.1 era, so it is sort of outdated. You did the right thing with the ClaimsActions and are on right track. The ChallengeBehavior was removed in ASP.NET Core 2.0. The ToUnixTimestamp method is an extension method I made and looks like this (an official one might be added in .NET Core 2.1):
It will be great if you can suggest something on the same front for an older application i.,e ASP.NET MVC and not core specific. Or if you can recommend some links to follow which can resolve issue for me.
login_hint came close to force user to re-enter credentials. However, browser profile sync just automatically bypasses upon account selection it the user has setup (similar to the save userid password when visiting many websites). With the parameters option, why not a full querystring encryption share between the provider and application to prevent the user from manipulating or removing the values?
Hey Jan, Thanks, a really insightful post, thanks. Do you have any thoughts on how this could be applied to a subset of users within Azure AD? IE user group A we do NOT apply max_age=" and user group B we do apply "max_age="
From the blog: After 2 years of work and more than 850 svn revisions it is finally ready. The first public playable version of return to castle wolfenstine mod makes cooperative play possible. All single player levels are modified for cooperative play (up to 8 players). We added extra enemies, updated the skill levels so that its still a challenge to play this game.
Now where the source code of RTCW is released it would be awesome if all people would work on ONE up to date version of RTCW. Atm it looks like everyone tries to fork it.
ET-Xreal (dead??)
openterritory(dead)
OpenWolf
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