How Do You Spell Library Plural
Celena Holtzberg
Anyway, the easy way to use WordNet from Python is via NLTK. One of the NLTK HOWTO docs explains the WordNet Interface. (Of course it's even easier to just use NLTK without specifying a corpus, but that's not what you asked for.)
There is a lower-level API to WordNet called pywordnet, but I believe it's no longer maintained (it became the foundation for the NLTK integration), and only works with older versions of Python (maybe 2.7, but not 3.x) and of WordNet (only 2.x).
The other way around is documented to work, so you could write some rules that apply all possible English plural rules, call morphy on each one, and the first one that returns the starting string is the right plural.
Also, wn.morphy('reckless') will return 'reckless' rather than None. If you want that, you'll have to test whether it's a noun first. You can do this just sticking with the same interface, although it's a bit hacky:
Also, a word can have multiple meanings, and they can have different plurals, and sometimes there are even multiple plurals for the same meaning. So you probably want to start with something like (lemma for s in synsets(word, wn.NOUN) for lemma in s.lemmas if lemma.name == word) and then get all appropriate plurals, instead of just returning "the" plural.
Most current pluralize libraries do not return multiple plurals for some irregular words. Some libraries do not enforce the passed parameter is noun and pluralize a word by general rules. So I decided to build a python library - Plurals and Countable, which is open source on github. The main purpose is to get plurals (yes, mutliple plurals for some words), and has an option to return dictionary approved plurals only. It can also return whether a noun is countable/uncountable or either way.
The library actually looks up the words in dictionaries, so it takes some time to request, parse and return. Alternatively, you might use REST API provided by Dictionary.video. You'll need contact [email protected] to get an API key. The call will be like
When you enter a search word or phrase containing diacritic characters, they are converted to their closest A-to-Z letter and then submitted to the system. A search for "Jos Mara Falcn" will return the same results as a search for "Jose Maria Falcon."
If you are unsure of a spelling, or if you want to broaden your search, you can insert wildcards into your search terms. A wildcard tells the search engine to look for any letter(s) or character(s) in the position of the wildcard.
Use a question mark (?) to replace an individual letter or character.
Examples:
capit?l returns capital, capitol, etc.
sm?th returns Smith, Smuth, Smyth, etc.
s??t? returns Smith, Smuth, Smyth, slate, spates, etc.
You can use both question marks and asterisks in the same query.
Examples:
str?ng* returns strange, string, strings, strongly, etc.
thom?? je*son returns Thomas Jefferson, Thomie Jepson, etc.
We are not currently implementing stemming, so neither regular nor irregular plurals are automatically located in a keyword search. To search for both the singular and plural forms of a word, use wildcards in the position of the letters that would form the plural. For example, searching thes?s will locate both thesis and theses. Searching dog? will locate both dog and dogs, but it will also find words such as Doge. Searching child* will locate child, child's, and children, but it will also find many other words with child as their root such as Childress, Childers, etc. You cannot use wildcards in exact phrase searches or proximity searches.
When you are searching specific item record fields in the advanced search form, you can also construct a Boolean query using "OR." This technique will not work for searching the full text of items in our system.
Examples:
thesis OR theses
dog OR dogs
child OR children
A long time ago, I read, or was told by a respected birder that the plural of Tufted Titmouse was Titmouses. It stuck; and I never gave it much thought. It definitely came up on bird walks, but I never remembered to follow up once I was back at my desk.
Well, my friend Carole Mebus, (who took the wonderful photo above) did do the research one day. She found that the Cornell website uses Titmice exclusively. That led me to look at bird books in the library. Sure enough, Sibley, Crossley and National Geographic use Titmice for the plural of Titmouse. Even my spell checker prefers Titmice.
We designed this learning tool as a guide for changing singular nouns in their correctly spelled plural form. Specifically, students will learn to identify regular and irregular nouns, as well as words that end in:
This ESL lesson is designed for beginners and focuses on plurals in the English language. Students will learn how to form regular and irregular plurals using the most common rules. This will help them express quantities more accurately.
To begin, we will use a simple boardwork example to introduce the language focus. After that, we will move on to a few low-resource activities that will allow students to apply what they have learned to the world around them. Finally, we will end the lesson with a fun and educational classroom game to ensure that students have a thorough understanding of plurals.
The board work below covers the different regular plural forms along with a few examples of some common nouns with irregular plural forms. It's colour-coded to highlight possible opportunities to elicit responses from the class and confirm student understanding. If you need to bring this board into the classroom for reference, the TEFL Handbook app gives you offline access everything on this site, plus a lot more.
Ask the students about the number of specific objects in the classroom. How many chairs, students, teachers etc. Encourage them to answer in sentences and guide them on the correct usage of there's/are:
We take the basic idea of the previous exercise, but with the students taking turns to play the role of the teacher. While the students are interacting, you should monitor and correct mistakes. You can even turn this into a fun team or individual game.
Draw a circular target on the whiteboard with several concentric layers of different score values. Crush a blank piece of paper into a snowball shape. For each turn, give the student a noun that they must spell in its plural form. If they get it correct, they can throw a snowball at the board. Keep the scores on the board. You can play as an individual or team game. Use the list below to get you started.
The techniques explained in this page will help you become the fast, effective searcher you really need to be as a distance learning student relying on online information sources. Not all the techniques covered here will be supported by all databases - you are advised to look at the help pages as you learn to use a new database since that will save you a lot of time and frustration.
Most searches will return too many or too few records. It takes a long time to look at hundreds of records. By putting a little effort into constructing search strings (what you type into the search box) you can save a lot of time. The database can do a lot of work for you if you take the trouble to add a little sophistication to your search strings.
If your search returns too many records, you can narrow your search by adding more search terms. To make sure that all the records your search finds contain all the search terms, link them with the and operator. For example, let's say you were interested in only red cars. To avoid having to sift through records on blue cars, green cars and so on, you would use the following search string:
If you do not wish to see records containing a certain term, you can exclude these by using the not operator. Be careful when using this, you may miss records that contain useful information because you have excluded too many records. With many databases you will need to use and not rather than not, check the help pages of the database if you are not sure. If you were interested in cars of any colour as long as they are not blue, you would use the following search string:
To search for records that return one or more of your search terms, link them together with the or operator. For example, cars are also known as automobiles and so to catch as many relevant records in your search as possible, you would use:
The power of Boolean searching can be extended further by proximity, truncation and wild card operators. Proximity searching allows you to specify that records found by your search contain one search term near another. If, for example, you are interested in red cars, a search string such as
may return irrelevant records because red is a very general adjective and could describe many other things in a record. The near operator requires that a record has terms close together in the text, making it more likely that there is a meaningful link between the terms in the record. Therefore one would use the search string:
The syntax used for truncation varies amongst databases; e.g. sometimes next is used rather then near - you should check the databases' help pages to find out if and how proximity can be used.
Truncation allows you to search for all the variants of a word without having to specify them all in your search string. It is very useful to take into account plural and singular forms of a noun. For example,
asks the computer to search for both car and cars, or any word beginning with car such as carriage or carburettor. So, as with the not operator you have to be careful when using this operator or you may get a lot of irrelevant records. Think about how many words might start with a root such as car before using truncation. If you simply wish to include both the singular and the plural forms of a noun in your search you might be better off using the or operator:
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