Re: Toshiba Forced Into Flash Chip Sale Amid Nuclear Plant Fallout
Celena Holtzberg
Tanaka Seizo-sho embraced this concept in the 1880s, determining that paying outright for technological knowledge was the most expedient means to upgrade its technological capabilities. This strategy helped the company expand into the manufacture of transformers, electric motors, and other heavy electric equipment in the 1890s.
Toshiba forced into flash chip sale amid nuclear plant fallout
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Yet it would be some time before modern business policies affected the company in any fundamental way. Toshiba executives were criticized for their rigid adherence to a feudal system of hierarchy and status. Top officials maintained lax working hours and were far removed from any operational business. An indisputable separation between a superior and his subordinates made the exchange of ideas virtually impossible. To reduce the burden of responsibility on any one executive, numerous signatures were needed to approve a document. Thus innovation was easily stymied in a chain of bureaucracy.
Basic Commitment of the Toshiba Group: We, the Toshiba Group companies, based on our total commitment to people and to the future, are determined to help create a higher quality of life for all people, and to do our part to help ensure that progress continues within the world community.
Commitment to People: We endeavor to serve the needs of all people, especially our customers, shareholders, and employees, by implementing forward-looking corporate strategies while carrying out responsible and responsive business activities. As good corporate citizens, we actively contribute to further the goals of society.
Commitment to the Future: By continually developing innovative technologies centering on the fields of Electronics and Energy, we strive to create products and services that enhance human life, and which lead to a thriving, healthy society. We constantly seek new approaches that help realize the goals of the world community, including ways to improve the global environment.
The new company president also initiated a comprehensive campaign to export Toshiba products around the world. By establishing independent departments, the company could better facilitate the export of consumer and industrial goods. Major contracts were finalized with U.S. companies to export generators, transformers, and motors, as well as televisions and home appliances.
Joint ventures and agreements with both Japanese and foreign corporations facilitated technology exchange. In 1986 Toshiba entered into a joint venture with Motorola for its Japanese production of computer memories and microprocessors. The two companies became involved in the collective development of microcomputer and memory chips based on the exchange of technology, and also developed a manufacturing facility in Japan. Efforts of this type facilitated the development of voice recognition systems and digital private branch exchange systems (PBXs), which transmit telephone calls within private buildings. Through a 1986 agreement with AT&T, Toshiba began marketing these systems throughout Japan, as well as assisting that corporation with technological insight.
The area for which Toshiba became best known was its consumer products division, which grew at a rapid pace in the 1980s through acquisition and innovation. In April 1984 Toshiba reorganized the production, marketing, and research and development sections of its video and audio products, incorporating them into one centralized location. While sales of standard consumer products such as VCRs, compact disc players, televisions, and personal cassette recorders continued to grow, Toshiba was quick to capitalize on new markets as well. In 1986 the company entered the home video market, creating a wholly owned subsidiary and introducing 110 new video titles to the Japanese market. That same year, it inked an agreement to supply cable equipment to American Television and Communications Corporation.
As it was swinging back to profitability in 2000 and 2001, the 125-year-old Toshiba looked to the future with an increased emphasis on information technology and with a focus shifting to several areas within that sector: media cards, mobile applications, networked home appliances, digital broadcasting services, Internet services, and electronic devices for the automobile. By devoting more resources to these emerging areas, Toshiba hoped to place itself on a faster, more profitable growth track in the early 21st century.
Hewlett-Packard Company; Sony Corporation; International Business Machines Corporation; Hitachi, Ltd.; Fujitsu Limited; Compaq Computer Corporation; Mitsubishi Electric Corporation; NEC Corporation; Matsushita Electric Corporation; Dell Computer Corporation; Samsung Group; Gateway, Inc.; Sun Microsystems, Inc.; Sharp Corporation; SANYO Electric Co., Ltd.; Pioneer Corporation; Daewoo Group; Intel Corporation; Lucent Technologies Inc.; Nokia Corporation; Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson; Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.; General Electric Company.
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Shibaura embraced this concept in the 1880s, determining that paying outright for technological knowledge was the most expedient means to upgrade its technological capabilities. This strategy helped the company expand into the manufacture of transformers, electric motors, and other heavy electric equipment in the 1890s.
The company had its origins in 1875 in Tokyo, as the first telegraph equipment shop in Japan. The framework in which Toshiba began, however, was far from the climate in which it now operates. During the late 19th century, Japan lagged far behind Britain, France, Germany and the United States in industrial development. Beseiged with economic problems resulting from the overthrow of the Tokugawa government in 1869, and a tremendous influx of imported goods and machinery which threatened her fledgling industries, Japan was at her most vulnerable. Confronted with the task of strengthening its faltering industries, the new government was quick to respond.
The integration of foreign technologies was first put into practice by Toshiba, then known as Shibaura Seisakusho, whose 1,300 horsepower steam engine, copied from blueprints of an English counterpart, was successfully implemented in a plant in Kanebo, Japan. This venture convinced Japanese industry of its potential for technological advancement through the implementation of foreign technology onto domestic skills and resources.
With the outbreak of World War II, Japan was once again forced to look to herself for survival. After the devastation of war, the country rebuilt itself with the aid of occupying U.S. forces under the terms of the San Francisco Treaty. With the assistance of the Japanese government and its citizens, the American Occupation Authority instituted social and economic reforms, and poured resources into financial markets. As Japan was readmitted into the international trading community, access to overseas markets for manufactured goods and raw materials was facilitated; the glut of raw materials available at the time enabled Japan to obtain necessary commodities in large quantities at favorable prices and, consequently, to regain its financial and industrial strength.
The new company president also initiated a comprehensive campaign to export Toshiba products around the world. By establishing independent departments, the company could better facilitate the export of consumer and industrial goods. Major contracts were finalized with U.S. companies to export generators, transformers and motors, as well as televisions and home appliances.
Although Toshiba is best known in America for its computer-related and consumer products, it has a wide range of additional business ventures. Among Japanese corporations, Toshiba is the leader in the production of advanced medical electronic equipment. In 1986 the corporation initiated the supply of blood chemical analyzers, used to detect liver and kidney disease, to Allied corporation, a leading U.S. chemical manufacturer.
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