A witch's mark, devil's mark or stigma diabolicum was a bodily mark that witch-hunters believed indicated that an individual was a witch, during the height of the witch trials. The beliefs about the mark differed, depending on the trial location and the accusation made against the witch. Use of the term is found earliest in the 16th century, and reaching its peak in 1645, but then essentially disappearing by 1700.[1]
The Witch or Devil's mark was believed to be the permanent marking of the Devil on his initiates to seal their obedience and service to him. He is said to create the mark by raking his claw across their flesh, licking the skin to produce a death skull pattern, or using a hot iron to produce a blue or red brand. The Devil was thought to mark the individual at the end of nocturnal initiation rites.[2]
As far as the historical study of the witch's mark goes, historians are split into different camps. The first camp, sometimes called "Murray-ists", supports British anthropologist Margaret Murray's theory of the witch's mark. Historical discussion of the witch's mark began after the publication of Murray's books on the subject: Witchcult in Western Europe and The God of the Witches in the early 20th century. Her writings argue strongly that Devil's marks were in actuality tattoos that identified members of an organized pagan religion that she believed flourished in the Middle Ages.[9] After the publication of her work, the historical community became divided between Murrayist and non-Murrayist scholars: "When the Witchcult in Western Europe appeared in 1921, it broke this deadlock; yes, said Murray, witches had indeed been up to something of which society disapproved, but it was in no way supernatural; they were merely members of an underground movement secretly keeping pagan rituals alive in Christian Europe."[10] Murray's work became widely accepted and she was considered an expert in witchcraft studies after its publication. Murray is also credited with the renewed interest in neo-pagan religions, and later, Wicca, which occurred after the publications of her books. However, today her controversial ideas have been largely rejected by scientists and academics due to the lack of any evidence.
The solstice, which falls on Dec. 21 this year, marks the first day of winter. It starts the moment the Northern Hemisphere is pointed at its farthest distance from the sun. The winter solstice is considered a turning point in the year in many cultures. The sacred day is also called Yule to pagans celebrating the birth of the new solar year, according to Circle Sanctuary, a prominent pagan group in America. Dozens of pagans and druids head to Stonehenge, an iconic site in England, to pay tribute to the sun during the solstice.
At the same time that the clergy expressed ambivalence about ritualism because of its association with paganism, the Church was developing its own vocabulary of pious rites that all Christians could employ in place of those pagan customs that flirted with the demonic. Tracing the sign of the cross, baptism and exorcism all had the specific virtue of keeping demons at bay.
Consequently, the medieval peasant felt far more comfortable with a blending of the old pagan beliefs with Christianity which resulted in heterodox belief. Parish priests were again instructed to take heretical practices seriously and punish them, but the clergy was disinclined, largely because of the effort involved. Further, many of the clergy, especially the parish priests, were seen as hypocrites and had been for some time. One of the reasons heretical sects attracted adherents, in fact, was the respect generated by their clergy who lived their beliefs. In contrast, as Geary notes, the Catholic clergy epitomized the very Seven Deadly Sins they condemned:
A witch's mark, devil's mark or stigma diabolicum was a bodily mark that witch-hunters believed indicated that an individual was a witch, during the height of the witch trials. The beliefs about the mark differ depending on the trial location and the accusation made against the witch. Evidence of the witch's mark is found earliest in the 16th century, and reached its peak in 1645, then essentially disappeared by 1700.[1]
Historical research has borne out that tattoos bear the mark of demonism, Baal worship, shamanism, cannibalism, occultism, and many vile pagan beliefs and practices. The tattooist in many pagan cultures is a shaman, magic-man, witch-doctor, (pagan) priest or priestess. A shaman is an intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, who uses magic to cure illnesses, foretell the future, control spiritual forces, etc.
Tattooing is a magical rite in pagan cultures, and the tattooist is the priest or shaman. In Fiji, Formosa (Taiwan), New Zealand, and among the North American Indian tribes, tattooing was regarded as a religious ceremony and performed by the pagan priests or priestesses. The actual tattooing process was a complex ritual, the secret being known only to the priestly (shaman, witch-doctor) caste. Historically, tattooing originated in ancient rites of scarification and blood-letting which were supposed to put the human soul in touch with supernatural forces and ensure continuity between this life and the next.
New Moon author Stephanie Meyer borrowed fictional day in St. Marcus is a real European celebration of St. Mark's day. It has changed the dates: the 25th day of Markov April. Since the date coincides with the ceremonies of Easter (moveable feast, and dates vary, but usually occurs in March or April), and a host of other Eurasian spring festival, he thought it was Mark's day version of Christianity is much older, Pagan rites. In the book Ostara, Edain McCoy writes: "As was done with a lot of Pagan festivals in Europe, the early church attempted to divert the symbolism Ostara [Spring Festival of the Germanic pagans] nablagdan St. Mark's. Instead of festival of rebirth, of St. Mark's paintings concentrated on the death and martyrdom, by which Christian birth achieved ."
St. Mark's Eve was one of the three nights was associated with mrtvima.Drugi the St. John's Eve and All Saints Eve. According to some legends, the three nights of those who have died can come back to earth as ghosts. This conviction of all the Saints Eve (Halloween) is a Christian appropriation of the Celtic harvest festival Samhain, the point when the veil between the living and the dead is at its thinnest, and midway between the autumn and winter. Similarly, Mark's Eve marks the half way between the spring and summer, and is associated with the pagan festival of Ostara. St. John's Eve, traditionally celebrated on the 23rd June, associated with the pagan holiday of Midsummer or summer solstice.
Dr. Hambly, probably the greatest tattooist historian and researcher that ever lived, writes over and over, that tattoos are based on pagan spiritual and religious rituals. Any serious and honest study of the origin and foundation of the tattoo will clearly expose a demonic and supernatural intent of tattoos.
The devil [is the inspirer of the heretics] whose work it is to pervert the truth, who with idolatrous mysteries endeavors to imitate the realities of the divine sacraments. Some he himself sprinkles as though in token of faith and loyalty; he promises forgiveness of sins through baptism; and if my memory does not fail me marks his own soldiers with the sign of Mithra on their foreheads, commemorates an offering of bread, introduces a mock resurrection, and with the sword opens the way to the crown. Moreover has he not forbidden a second marriage to the supreme priest? He maintains also his virgins and his celibates (Tertullian, De paraescriptione haereticorum, 40:3-4).
The early Christians practiced baptism because Jesus Christ instituted it. The existence of an initiation theme in early Christianity does not mean it was borrowed from a pagan religion. As Mircea Eliade, author of a definitive study of pagan initiation rites, explains:
The whole concept of a 'fertility goddess' is a Victorian invention based on their ideas of cultural evolution. The basic idea is Protestant with stoic influenced prudishness is the height of evolution so sex obsessed polytheism is the lowest form of evolution. Much of the evidence came from the original prudish stoics; the Roman sources that portrayed all bad rulers and foreigners as being unable to control their sexual appetites except even the Romans never mentioned actual pagan sex rites (the word orgy comes from Greek mystery cults but the word had no sexual connotations in the classical world).
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