I have not idea how to use Wasm in containerized world. However, if you want to generate WASI runtime compatible Wasm file, you can look at example
here (uses Gradle). Some documentation is available for Gradle
here. You are right, for Maven there's no documentation, but remember that code is documentation, so according to
this file, you can find list of available targets in
this enum. What you need is WEBASSEMBLY_WASI target type.
But what problem are you trying to solve by this strange kind of packaging? Why not just run Java application within normal JVM? If you want it containerized, why don't you containerize JRE?