More on methylene blue
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Swarfmaker
Sep 17, 2010, 1:21:09 PM9/17/10
to Tauopathies
More info on methylene blue
"Potential Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Cure Found In Century-old Drug"
ScienceDaily (Aug. 18, 2008)
"A new study conducted by researchers at Children's Hospital &
Research Center Oakland shows that a century-old drug, methylene blue,
may be able to slow or even cure Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Used at a very low concentration – about the equivalent of a few
raindrops in four Olympic-sized swimming pools of water – the drug
slows cellular aging and enhances mitochondrial function, potentially
allowing those with the diseases to live longer, healthier lives."
"Methylene blue, first discovered in 1891, is now used to treat
methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder. But because high concentrations
of methylene blue were known to damage the brain, no one thought to
experiment with low concentrations. Also, drugs such as methylene blue
do not easily reach the brain."
Here is the link to the full article:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080818101335.htm
No mention in the full article of its possible effect on tau, which,
given the close connection between Rember and methylene blue, is
interesting.
Given this new piece of information, and the other article in the
Rember thread, I checked into the availability of methylene blue.
"Methylene blue has been around forever, used for urinary tract
infections, malaria, and all sorts of things, up to treating protozoal
infections in fish tanks. (For that matter, it's turned up over the
years as a surreptitious additive to blueberry pies and the like,
turning the unsuspecting consumer's urine greenish/blue, generally to
their great alarm: a storied med school prank from the old days)."
http://pipeline.corante.com/archives/2008/07/31/rember_for_alzheimers_methylene_blues_comeback.php
Sure enough, methylene blue is available from pet supply stores. Here
is an example:
http://www.petsolutions.com/default.aspx?ItemId=64000052&EID=SZ64000052&SID=SHZIL
I don't know if I would try this or not. It doesn't seem to hurt fish.
But according to that other article from Science Daily on August 18,
it is "used at a very low concentration – about the equivalent of a
few raindrops in four Olympic-sized swimming pools of water".
The following post was made recently to the Alz.org message board:
My father with advanced Alzhemiers been on both methylene blue (oral
-- prescribed by doc) and embrel injections for the past two months.
Following changes noted by the nursing home staff: was having problems
swallowing pills, this has gone away, is now getting up at night to
urinate, keeping pullups dry, more and longer conversations with
staff, getting up to walk around more frequently during the day, not
as passive when staff try to get him to sit down more (ha ha, that's
how any normal person would react), referred to his son as Mark (me),
he hasn't done that in ages. I have noticed that he looks more normal,
is better able to maneover his body, and is more articulate in his
speech. He has recently used expressions that he would say all the
time before Alzheimers but which I haven't heard him say in months/
years. Unfortunately, no miraculous cure or increase in cognition, but
enough of a difference to get excited about!
Don't know which drug is contributing what -- the doc thinks there
might be a synergistic effect between the two. However, I really don't
understand why everyone doesn't put their loved ones who have
Alzheimers on oral tablets of methylene blue ASAP if they can find a
doc willing to prescribe it, given its documented safety over many
years of use and its cheapness (unlike Embrel!). One drawback, it will
stain clothes, but who cares if it is working! My doc will accept new
patiets for Embrel injections (and for probably methlyene blue) --
he's in southwest Virginia. Call me at my office number at
276-623-0808 if iterested or email at markthurt@....
Mark Hurt
Abingdon, VA
MarkVirginia
http://alzheimers.infopop.cc/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/762104261/m/1251094523?r=207108111#207108111
"Alzheimer's Disease Linked To Mitochondrial Damage"
ScienceDaily
(Apr. 2, 2009) — "Investigators at Burnham Institute for Medical
Research (Burnham) have demonstrated that attacks on the mitochondrial
protein Drp1 by the free radical nitric oxide—which causes a chemical
reaction called S-nitrosylation—mediates neurodegeneration associated
with Alzheimer's disease. Prior to this study, the mechanism by which
beta-amyloid protein caused synaptic damage to neurons in Alzheimer's
disease was unknown... These findings suggest that preventing S-
nitrosylation of Drp1 may reduce or even prevent neurodegeneration in
Alzheimer's patients. The paper was published in the April 3 issue of
the journal Science... The team of scientists, led by neuroscientist
and clinical neurologist Stuart A. Lipton, M.D., Ph.D., director of
the Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research,
showed that S-nitrosylated Drp1 (SNO-Drp1) facilitates mitochondrial
fragmentation, damaging regions of nerve cell communication called
synapses. Mitochondria are the energy storehouses of the cell, and
their compromise by excessive fragmentation causes synaptic injury and
eventual nerve cell death. Synapses are critical for learning and
memory and their impairment leads to the dementia seen in Alzheimer's
patients..."
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090402143453.htm
Here is the link to a rather long thread about methylene blue, how to
obtain it, and what the "proper dose" should be...
http://groups.google.ms/group/sci.life-extension/browse_thread/thread/42178fcaaf4eed25
Here is a copy of one post from September 9, 2008 that I'm going to
have to read over a couple dozen times to undersand:
"Your concern is a great concern.. most of the articles are stating
60mg (60/ thousanths of a gram) three times daily and the 100 mg was
ineffective.. Correctly it should be micrograms or 60/millionth of a
gram! So anyone who is ingesting 60mg is getting an ineffective 1000
time overdose. from what I gather, a popular "ich" fish methylene blue
is 2.303% w/v so that is 2.303 grams in 100cc of distilled purified
water. Take a ml or 1/100th = 23 mg / ml (1ml = 1 dropperful) .. Take
2 ml or 2 dropperfuls = 46mg , place it in 30ml water and you get a
dilution of 1.53 mg /ml. There 20 drops to a ml in a medicine dropper,
so 1.53 mg divided by 20 = .075 mg which is 75 microgram- we only want
60mcg, so let's go back to the 2 dropperfuls X 60mcg/75mcg = 1.6
dropperful in 30 ml medicinal dropper bottle and qs to 30ml which now
gives the 60mcg per DROP! three times daily. So if no one reads this
blog there are going to be a lot of people taking and ineffective
overdose. I guess that is why they make pharmacists. I have tried to
correct this on a few articles but you have to register and that is
blocked. so what do they say caveat emptor .. beware the buyer."
One important point I got out of it right away was that the quantities
quoted in some articles about this were wrong!
Here's another post from August 30, 2008:
"There is a concern I have regarding the studies in the news reports
and the dosing you describe. The Oakland Hospital research on cultured
cells translates in micro-grams of MB per day, however, the University
of Aberdeen research with Alzheimer's patients involved doses of
milli- grams per day. 60 milli-grams was the apparent optimal dosing
revealed from the phase II study. My concern is that these news
stories are using the letter "m" as in "mg" to represent micro-grams
whereas if taken literally, one would interpret the doses as in
milligrams, i.e. 1000 times greater dose. Does anyone know what the
doses in the University of Aberdeen and TauRx really are? This is
critical for those amongst us that would take a risk and test MB on
their own. Unless MB is made a controlled substance, there is likely
to be widespread experimenting with the chemical."
As to where to obtain it, there were differing opinions. There is a
pharmaceutical grade version used to treat urinary tract infections.
It is also sold as stain for laboratory work. A homeopathic supply
company called "Hyland" apparently sells MB tablets, but I haven't
been able to figure out where people are buying these from. There is a
2.3% solution sold by the aquarium supply company Kordon's, used to
treat the aquariums for "ich" infestations.
http://www.novalek.com/kordon/methylene_blue/index.htm
[Don't know if you would want to use this for people... but it never
hurt my fish!]
While digging through that Web site I gave the link to in my last
note, I found
a couple of other links that you might want to look at.
First up is an article I've mentioned before, but I never looked at
the long list of responses and comments appended to the end. Look for
them after this article:
"In the Pipeline: Rember for Alzheimer's: Methylene Blue's Comeback"
Posted by Derek Lowe, PhD
http://pipeline.corante.com/archives/2008/07/31/rember_for_alzheimers_methylene_blues_comeback.php
Buried deep in the comments after the article is this blog. It has
some interesting comments about using methylene blue:
"Lessons from Biology: How can we live long and healthy?"
http://geddarkstorm.livejournal.com/188959.html
Note: I don't have a problem with using news articles, blogs or posts
to message boards as a starting point for an idea. But I don't take
what they say as gospel truth. Please try to verify things before
taking any action.
I posted a message that I found on a blog that disputed the quantities
of Rember used in the study. I went back and found the original
article in "Alzheimer's
and Dementia", Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages T775-T775
R. Staff, T. Ahearn, A. Murray, P. Bentham, K. Seng, C. Wischik
It clearly states:
"Of 135 [subjects] suitable for analysis, 52, 15, 32 and 36 received
placebo, 30mg, 60mg and 100mg tid respectively." OK, maybe not so
clearly. But it says that 52 people received a placebo, 15 received
30mg, 32 got 60mg, and 36 got 100mg. So, I don't know how the person
who posted that message came to believe that there was a mistake, and
that the "60mg" should have been "60mcg".
It is also interesting to note that in this article "ICAD: Tau-
Targeted Therapy Slows Alzheimer's Progression for 19 Months"
http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/ICAD/10320
it says, "In the trial reported here, 321 patients were randomized to
30 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg or placebo. The drug, Dr. Wischik said, was
effective when it dissolved in the stomach, but was not effective when
the drug was absorbed through the intestines. This was an issue for
the 100-mg dose, which had 'absolutely no activity because it didn't
dissolve in the stomach.'"
As I wrote in an early post, the Helicobacter pylori bacteria finds
methylene blue to be rather toxic. This tends to support the idea that
the dominant effect may not have been as a "Tau aggregation inhibitor
(TAI)", but rather as an antibiotic. This would explain why the 100mg
dose was not effective when it dissolved in the intestines, whereas
the 30 and 60mg doses, which disolved in the stomach, were effective.
The antibiotic effect of the rember (which is basically methylene
blue) reduced the H.pylori infection, thereby reducing the TNF levels.
It seems to me that anyone getting Enbrel injections to reduce TNF
levels should take a hard look at this.
Protein Inhibitor Helps Rid Brain Of Toxic Tau Protein
ScienceDaily (Sep. 30, 2009)
Inhibiting the protein Hsp70 rapidly reduces brain levels of tau, a
protein associated with Alzheimer's disease when it builds up
abnormally inside nerve cells affecting memory, neuroscientists at the
University of South Florida found. The study is reported online
September 29 in the Journal of Neuroscience...
One of the more effective Hsp70-inhibitor drugs the researchers
discovered was a derivative of methylthioninium chloride, or Rember™,
the first experimental medication reported to directly attack the tau
tangles in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Rember™ was heralded as
a major development in the fight against Alzheimer's when results in
early clinical trials were announced last year at the International
Conference on Alzheimer's disease.
But Rember™ and its derivatives do have some inherent problems;
they're not very potent so effective therapy would require fairly high
doses, Dickey said.
"The drug does help prevent the protein (tau) from clumping together,
but that in itself doesn't mean it's actively getting rid of the toxic
tau," he said. "Now that we know Hsp70 is a target of Rember™, we can
develop similarly- acting drugs that will more specifically target
this chaperone protein in affected areas of the brain, resulting in
fewer side effects."...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090929181808.htm
Rember is a form of methylene blue, and methylene blue is already
available. As I posted before, the higher dose of Rember was not
effective as the lower doses. The researchers mention in their paper
that the lower does pills dissolved in the stomach, whereas the higher
dose pill dissolved in the intestine. Methylene blue has been studied
for it's antibacterial properties, and is in fact been suggested as a
way to prevent malaria. It also happens to inhibit the stomach ulcer
bacteria helicobacter pylori, which has been implicated in some
fraction of AD cases through the action of the protein "tumor necrosis
factor alpha" (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha is the target of the arthritis
drug Enbrel, which has been reported to improve AD symptoms when
administered by "perispinal injection".
If the body's fight against Helicobacter pylori infection is the
source of the TNF-alpha, another possibility is to supress the Hp with
sulphoraphane, which is abundant in broccoli sprouts.
Sulforaphane occurs in plants bound to a sugar molecule: sulforaphane
glucosinolate. Only after eating will the sulforaphane by released.
Sulforaphane glucosinolate is found in cruciferous vegetables such as
broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and kale. The richest source of
sulforaphane are broccoli sprouts.
http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/sulforaphane.php
Interestingly, vegetable consumption has been linked to a lower
incidence of Alzheimer's disease:
Vegetables, Not Fruit, Help Fight Memory Problems In Old Age
ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2006)
Eating vegetables, not fruit, helps slow down the rate of cognitive
change in older adults, according to a study published in the October
24, 2006, issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American
Academy of Neurology.
"Compared to people who consumed less than one serving of vegetables a
day, people who ate at least 2.8 servings of vegetables a day saw
their rate of cognitive change slow by roughly 40 percent. This
decrease is equivalent to about 5 years of younger age."
Of the different types of vegetables consumed by participants, green
leafy vegetables had the strongest association to slowing the rate of
cognitive decline. The study also found the older the person, the
greater the slowdown in the rate of cognitive decline if that person
consumed more than two servings of vegetables a day. Surprisingly, the
study found fruit consumption was not associated with cognitive
change...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061024010707.htm
"Potential Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Cure Found In Century-old Drug"
ScienceDaily (Aug. 18, 2008)
"A new study conducted by researchers at Children's Hospital &
Research Center Oakland shows that a century-old drug, methylene blue,
may be able to slow or even cure Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Used at a very low concentration – about the equivalent of a few
raindrops in four Olympic-sized swimming pools of water – the drug
slows cellular aging and enhances mitochondrial function, potentially
allowing those with the diseases to live longer, healthier lives."
"Methylene blue, first discovered in 1891, is now used to treat
methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder. But because high concentrations
of methylene blue were known to damage the brain, no one thought to
experiment with low concentrations. Also, drugs such as methylene blue
do not easily reach the brain."
Here is the link to the full article:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080818101335.htm
No mention in the full article of its possible effect on tau, which,
given the close connection between Rember and methylene blue, is
interesting.
Given this new piece of information, and the other article in the
Rember thread, I checked into the availability of methylene blue.
"Methylene blue has been around forever, used for urinary tract
infections, malaria, and all sorts of things, up to treating protozoal
infections in fish tanks. (For that matter, it's turned up over the
years as a surreptitious additive to blueberry pies and the like,
turning the unsuspecting consumer's urine greenish/blue, generally to
their great alarm: a storied med school prank from the old days)."
http://pipeline.corante.com/archives/2008/07/31/rember_for_alzheimers_methylene_blues_comeback.php
Sure enough, methylene blue is available from pet supply stores. Here
is an example:
http://www.petsolutions.com/default.aspx?ItemId=64000052&EID=SZ64000052&SID=SHZIL
I don't know if I would try this or not. It doesn't seem to hurt fish.
But according to that other article from Science Daily on August 18,
it is "used at a very low concentration – about the equivalent of a
few raindrops in four Olympic-sized swimming pools of water".
The following post was made recently to the Alz.org message board:
My father with advanced Alzhemiers been on both methylene blue (oral
-- prescribed by doc) and embrel injections for the past two months.
Following changes noted by the nursing home staff: was having problems
swallowing pills, this has gone away, is now getting up at night to
urinate, keeping pullups dry, more and longer conversations with
staff, getting up to walk around more frequently during the day, not
as passive when staff try to get him to sit down more (ha ha, that's
how any normal person would react), referred to his son as Mark (me),
he hasn't done that in ages. I have noticed that he looks more normal,
is better able to maneover his body, and is more articulate in his
speech. He has recently used expressions that he would say all the
time before Alzheimers but which I haven't heard him say in months/
years. Unfortunately, no miraculous cure or increase in cognition, but
enough of a difference to get excited about!
Don't know which drug is contributing what -- the doc thinks there
might be a synergistic effect between the two. However, I really don't
understand why everyone doesn't put their loved ones who have
Alzheimers on oral tablets of methylene blue ASAP if they can find a
doc willing to prescribe it, given its documented safety over many
years of use and its cheapness (unlike Embrel!). One drawback, it will
stain clothes, but who cares if it is working! My doc will accept new
patiets for Embrel injections (and for probably methlyene blue) --
he's in southwest Virginia. Call me at my office number at
276-623-0808 if iterested or email at markthurt@....
Mark Hurt
Abingdon, VA
MarkVirginia
http://alzheimers.infopop.cc/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/762104261/m/1251094523?r=207108111#207108111
"Alzheimer's Disease Linked To Mitochondrial Damage"
ScienceDaily
(Apr. 2, 2009) — "Investigators at Burnham Institute for Medical
Research (Burnham) have demonstrated that attacks on the mitochondrial
protein Drp1 by the free radical nitric oxide—which causes a chemical
reaction called S-nitrosylation—mediates neurodegeneration associated
with Alzheimer's disease. Prior to this study, the mechanism by which
beta-amyloid protein caused synaptic damage to neurons in Alzheimer's
disease was unknown... These findings suggest that preventing S-
nitrosylation of Drp1 may reduce or even prevent neurodegeneration in
Alzheimer's patients. The paper was published in the April 3 issue of
the journal Science... The team of scientists, led by neuroscientist
and clinical neurologist Stuart A. Lipton, M.D., Ph.D., director of
the Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging and Stem Cell Research,
showed that S-nitrosylated Drp1 (SNO-Drp1) facilitates mitochondrial
fragmentation, damaging regions of nerve cell communication called
synapses. Mitochondria are the energy storehouses of the cell, and
their compromise by excessive fragmentation causes synaptic injury and
eventual nerve cell death. Synapses are critical for learning and
memory and their impairment leads to the dementia seen in Alzheimer's
patients..."
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090402143453.htm
Here is the link to a rather long thread about methylene blue, how to
obtain it, and what the "proper dose" should be...
http://groups.google.ms/group/sci.life-extension/browse_thread/thread/42178fcaaf4eed25
Here is a copy of one post from September 9, 2008 that I'm going to
have to read over a couple dozen times to undersand:
"Your concern is a great concern.. most of the articles are stating
60mg (60/ thousanths of a gram) three times daily and the 100 mg was
ineffective.. Correctly it should be micrograms or 60/millionth of a
gram! So anyone who is ingesting 60mg is getting an ineffective 1000
time overdose. from what I gather, a popular "ich" fish methylene blue
is 2.303% w/v so that is 2.303 grams in 100cc of distilled purified
water. Take a ml or 1/100th = 23 mg / ml (1ml = 1 dropperful) .. Take
2 ml or 2 dropperfuls = 46mg , place it in 30ml water and you get a
dilution of 1.53 mg /ml. There 20 drops to a ml in a medicine dropper,
so 1.53 mg divided by 20 = .075 mg which is 75 microgram- we only want
60mcg, so let's go back to the 2 dropperfuls X 60mcg/75mcg = 1.6
dropperful in 30 ml medicinal dropper bottle and qs to 30ml which now
gives the 60mcg per DROP! three times daily. So if no one reads this
blog there are going to be a lot of people taking and ineffective
overdose. I guess that is why they make pharmacists. I have tried to
correct this on a few articles but you have to register and that is
blocked. so what do they say caveat emptor .. beware the buyer."
One important point I got out of it right away was that the quantities
quoted in some articles about this were wrong!
Here's another post from August 30, 2008:
"There is a concern I have regarding the studies in the news reports
and the dosing you describe. The Oakland Hospital research on cultured
cells translates in micro-grams of MB per day, however, the University
of Aberdeen research with Alzheimer's patients involved doses of
milli- grams per day. 60 milli-grams was the apparent optimal dosing
revealed from the phase II study. My concern is that these news
stories are using the letter "m" as in "mg" to represent micro-grams
whereas if taken literally, one would interpret the doses as in
milligrams, i.e. 1000 times greater dose. Does anyone know what the
doses in the University of Aberdeen and TauRx really are? This is
critical for those amongst us that would take a risk and test MB on
their own. Unless MB is made a controlled substance, there is likely
to be widespread experimenting with the chemical."
As to where to obtain it, there were differing opinions. There is a
pharmaceutical grade version used to treat urinary tract infections.
It is also sold as stain for laboratory work. A homeopathic supply
company called "Hyland" apparently sells MB tablets, but I haven't
been able to figure out where people are buying these from. There is a
2.3% solution sold by the aquarium supply company Kordon's, used to
treat the aquariums for "ich" infestations.
http://www.novalek.com/kordon/methylene_blue/index.htm
[Don't know if you would want to use this for people... but it never
hurt my fish!]
While digging through that Web site I gave the link to in my last
note, I found
a couple of other links that you might want to look at.
First up is an article I've mentioned before, but I never looked at
the long list of responses and comments appended to the end. Look for
them after this article:
"In the Pipeline: Rember for Alzheimer's: Methylene Blue's Comeback"
Posted by Derek Lowe, PhD
http://pipeline.corante.com/archives/2008/07/31/rember_for_alzheimers_methylene_blues_comeback.php
Buried deep in the comments after the article is this blog. It has
some interesting comments about using methylene blue:
"Lessons from Biology: How can we live long and healthy?"
http://geddarkstorm.livejournal.com/188959.html
Note: I don't have a problem with using news articles, blogs or posts
to message boards as a starting point for an idea. But I don't take
what they say as gospel truth. Please try to verify things before
taking any action.
I posted a message that I found on a blog that disputed the quantities
of Rember used in the study. I went back and found the original
article in "Alzheimer's
and Dementia", Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages T775-T775
R. Staff, T. Ahearn, A. Murray, P. Bentham, K. Seng, C. Wischik
It clearly states:
"Of 135 [subjects] suitable for analysis, 52, 15, 32 and 36 received
placebo, 30mg, 60mg and 100mg tid respectively." OK, maybe not so
clearly. But it says that 52 people received a placebo, 15 received
30mg, 32 got 60mg, and 36 got 100mg. So, I don't know how the person
who posted that message came to believe that there was a mistake, and
that the "60mg" should have been "60mcg".
It is also interesting to note that in this article "ICAD: Tau-
Targeted Therapy Slows Alzheimer's Progression for 19 Months"
http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/ICAD/10320
it says, "In the trial reported here, 321 patients were randomized to
30 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg or placebo. The drug, Dr. Wischik said, was
effective when it dissolved in the stomach, but was not effective when
the drug was absorbed through the intestines. This was an issue for
the 100-mg dose, which had 'absolutely no activity because it didn't
dissolve in the stomach.'"
As I wrote in an early post, the Helicobacter pylori bacteria finds
methylene blue to be rather toxic. This tends to support the idea that
the dominant effect may not have been as a "Tau aggregation inhibitor
(TAI)", but rather as an antibiotic. This would explain why the 100mg
dose was not effective when it dissolved in the intestines, whereas
the 30 and 60mg doses, which disolved in the stomach, were effective.
The antibiotic effect of the rember (which is basically methylene
blue) reduced the H.pylori infection, thereby reducing the TNF levels.
It seems to me that anyone getting Enbrel injections to reduce TNF
levels should take a hard look at this.
Protein Inhibitor Helps Rid Brain Of Toxic Tau Protein
ScienceDaily (Sep. 30, 2009)
Inhibiting the protein Hsp70 rapidly reduces brain levels of tau, a
protein associated with Alzheimer's disease when it builds up
abnormally inside nerve cells affecting memory, neuroscientists at the
University of South Florida found. The study is reported online
September 29 in the Journal of Neuroscience...
One of the more effective Hsp70-inhibitor drugs the researchers
discovered was a derivative of methylthioninium chloride, or Rember™,
the first experimental medication reported to directly attack the tau
tangles in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Rember™ was heralded as
a major development in the fight against Alzheimer's when results in
early clinical trials were announced last year at the International
Conference on Alzheimer's disease.
But Rember™ and its derivatives do have some inherent problems;
they're not very potent so effective therapy would require fairly high
doses, Dickey said.
"The drug does help prevent the protein (tau) from clumping together,
but that in itself doesn't mean it's actively getting rid of the toxic
tau," he said. "Now that we know Hsp70 is a target of Rember™, we can
develop similarly- acting drugs that will more specifically target
this chaperone protein in affected areas of the brain, resulting in
fewer side effects."...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090929181808.htm
Rember is a form of methylene blue, and methylene blue is already
available. As I posted before, the higher dose of Rember was not
effective as the lower doses. The researchers mention in their paper
that the lower does pills dissolved in the stomach, whereas the higher
dose pill dissolved in the intestine. Methylene blue has been studied
for it's antibacterial properties, and is in fact been suggested as a
way to prevent malaria. It also happens to inhibit the stomach ulcer
bacteria helicobacter pylori, which has been implicated in some
fraction of AD cases through the action of the protein "tumor necrosis
factor alpha" (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha is the target of the arthritis
drug Enbrel, which has been reported to improve AD symptoms when
administered by "perispinal injection".
If the body's fight against Helicobacter pylori infection is the
source of the TNF-alpha, another possibility is to supress the Hp with
sulphoraphane, which is abundant in broccoli sprouts.
Sulforaphane occurs in plants bound to a sugar molecule: sulforaphane
glucosinolate. Only after eating will the sulforaphane by released.
Sulforaphane glucosinolate is found in cruciferous vegetables such as
broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and kale. The richest source of
sulforaphane are broccoli sprouts.
http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/sulforaphane.php
Interestingly, vegetable consumption has been linked to a lower
incidence of Alzheimer's disease:
Vegetables, Not Fruit, Help Fight Memory Problems In Old Age
ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2006)
Eating vegetables, not fruit, helps slow down the rate of cognitive
change in older adults, according to a study published in the October
24, 2006, issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American
Academy of Neurology.
"Compared to people who consumed less than one serving of vegetables a
day, people who ate at least 2.8 servings of vegetables a day saw
their rate of cognitive change slow by roughly 40 percent. This
decrease is equivalent to about 5 years of younger age."
Of the different types of vegetables consumed by participants, green
leafy vegetables had the strongest association to slowing the rate of
cognitive decline. The study also found the older the person, the
greater the slowdown in the rate of cognitive decline if that person
consumed more than two servings of vegetables a day. Surprisingly, the
study found fruit consumption was not associated with cognitive
change...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061024010707.htm
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