Pioneer Level B2 Student 39;s Book Answers

[Rachelle Kun]

MarthaAmadon (1843-1937) was the eldest daughter of John Byington, the first teacher of the first school organized for Seventh-day Adventist Children. She married George W. Amadon in 1860. She became the first Dorcas Society (Adventist Community Service) president in October, 1874.

John Nevins Andrews (1829-1883) was the first official Seventh-day Adventist missionary outside of North America. He and his children Charles and Mary sailed on September 15, 1874 to Switzerland. His wife had died 18 March 1872. As a theologian, Andrews made significant contributions to the development of various doctrines of the Seventh-day Adventist denomination. He wrote extensively on the Seventh-day Sabbath.

Joseph Bates (1792-1872) a former sea captain and a reformer, was one of the founders of the SDA Church. Bates experienced the disappointment of 1844 without losing faith. He wrote about the 7th Day Sabbath and the 3rd Angel's message. He played a prominent part in the "Sabbath Conferences." He was an evangelist, a leader, and an example in healthful living.

Michael Belina Czechowski (1818-1876) was a former Catholic priest. He joined the Advent Church in 1857 and in 1864 became a self-supporting missionary to Italy and Switzerland and established the first SDA church in Europe.

Hiram Edson (1806-1882) was a layman, later ordained, of Port Gibson, New York. He was the pioneer responsible for introducing, among those who became Seventh-day Adventists, the fuller understanding of the sanctuary and its cleansing. Edson was not only a thoughtful Bible student and an earnest evangelistic helper, but also a self-sacrificing contributor, putting his possessions into building of the church he loved. Consider visiting Hiram Edson's farm in upstate New York. &

Before he was converted to Adventism, Eduardo F. Forga, a wealthy young Peruvian, founded the first evangelical church in Arequipa, Peru. A health and temperance reformer, a vegetarian, and a defender of religious liberty, he had to flee his native country to England for his outspokenness. There he joined the Seventhday Adventist Church and married Marguerite Lacey, whose sister was married to W. C. White, Ellen White's son. An author in his own right, Mr. Forga translated some of Mrs. White's books and articles into Spanish and had a major impact on the growth of the Adventist Church in Peru, South America.

Ellet J. Waggonner, (1855-1916) was an editor, minister, and physician. He attended Battle Creek College in the earliest years of the institution, and obtained a medical degree from the Bellevue Medical College, New York. He served on the staff of the Battle Creek Sanitarium for a few years. Later he left the practice of medicine and entered the ministry. In 1884 he worked at Pacific Press as assistant editor of the Signs of the Times. Two years later (1886) he and A. T. Jones became editors of the paper. This post Waggoner held until May 1891. He became editor of Present Truth in England in 1892, and in 1902 was elected the first president of the South England Conference. He returned to the United States in the summer of 1902, and served briefly on the staff of Emmanuel Missionary College.

In 1888 Waggoner and A. T. Jones gave a memorable series of sermons on righteousness by faith that stirred the General Conference session in Minneapolis, and for several years afterward were sent by the General Conference Committee to preach on that subject from coast to coast at camp meetings and other large gatherings. Ellen White accompanied them to many of these places until she left for Australia in December 1891.

George Albert King (1847-1906) was a pioneer canvasser who developed the idea of subscription sale of Seventh-day Adventist books. A native of Canada, he came to the United States where as a young man he accepted SDA beliefs and desired to be a preacher. Because of a speech impediment he was encouraged to try selling SDA tracts and magazines and books. Throughout his life he was an enthusiastic recruiter and instructor of other canvassers.

Anna Knight (1874-1972) was self-taught until the age of 20 when she attended Mount Vernon Academy in Ohio in 1894. In 1898 she graduated from Battle Creek College as a missionary nurse. She operated a self-supporting school in Jasper County, Mississippi for Black children. In 1901 she was appointed as a missionary to India where she served 6 years. She served in the Educational Department for Southeastern Conference and Southern Conference when they merged, and served until the regional Conferences were formed. She authored the book Mississippi Girl,& the story of her life.

Abram LaRue (1822-1903) was a pioneer, self-supporting lay missionary in eastern Asia. While working as a sheepherder in California he accepted the Seventh-day Adventist faith. Immediately he requested a mission appointment to China. Because of his advanced age the General Conference declined but after attending Healdsburg College one term he worked his way to Honolulu and sold books in the city and on the ships in port. In 1888 at the age of 66, La Rue went to Hong Kong where he worked for 14 years with Europeans and the Chinese. He died in Hong Kong in 1903 where he had been a tireless worker with a rare gift in meeting people and conveying his own religious convictions to them.

Rachel Oakes-Preston (1809-1868) was a Seventh-day Baptist who persuaded a group of Adventists to accept the Sabbath in Washington, New Hampshire, and thus to become, in that sense, the first Seventh-day Adventists. Due to Rachel's influence, Frederick Wheeler (1811-1910), an ordained minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and promoter of the prophetic teachings of William Miller, preached his first sermon on seventh-day Sabbath to his "Christian Brethren" congregation on March 16, 1844.

Uriah Smith (1832-1903) was an editor and author who gave 50 years of service to the Seventh-day Adventist cause. At age 13 his left leg was amputated above the knee due to an infection. In 1863 he patented a improved model artificial leg with fully flexible knee and ankle joints. He became a Sabbath-keeping Adventist in 1852. He wrote poems and articles that were printed in the Review & Herald and in 1853 joined his sister, Annie, as a worker at the office of the Advent Review and Sabbath Herald in Rochester, New York. He was one of the most fluent writers for the young denomination. His pen could be incisive. He is best known for the book Daniel and Revelation. In 1874 he patented a school desk with an improved folding seat. The last words he ever wrote, in 1903, to the General Conference epitomized his lifelong purpose: "I am with you in the endeavor to send forth in this generation this gospel of the kingdom, for a witness to all nations. And when this is completed, it will be the signal for the coronation of our Coming King."

Frank Henry Westphal (1858-1944) was a pioneer missionary to South America. He was converted to the Seventh-day Adventist faith at the age of 19 and in 1878 he was made leader of the newly organized church in New London, Wisconsin. In 1894 he was called to South America and became the first ordained SDA minister assigned to the South America Continent. He worked with success in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil and Chili.

Frederick Wheeler (1811-1910) was a pioneer Adventist minister, reputed to be the first ordained Adventist minister to preach in favor of the seventh-day Sabbath. In 1840 he was an ordained minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church and became its circuit rider in the vicinity of Washington and Hillsboro in New Hampshire. In 1842 he became acquainted with the Millerite views and was active in the propagation of the Adventist views. In March of 1844, after a discussion with Rachel Oakes (later Preston), he became convinced through study that the seventh-day Sabbath was sacred. He preached and farmed in the neighborhood until James White invited him to go farther afield with his ministry.

Held in Minneapolis, Minnesota October of 1888 this conference was notable as E. J. Waggoner and A. T. Jones presented the concept of Righteousness by Faith in Jesus Christ. Ellen White joined the two men in their presentations.

Many of the General Conference leaders held that works-based righteousness was the key to salvation in Jesus. The arguments and exchanges were heated and lengthy. Eventually, God-led individuals voted in favor of the church operating under a premise of righteousness by faith, but this "win" would not come easy. E.J. Waggoner, A.T. Jones both eventually left Adventism, and Ellen White was "sent" to Australia.

A.G. Daniels helped lead a charge to create UNIONS in 1901, thus allowing many decisions that primarily affected one local field to be made by leaders within the field. This left global decisions to the General Conference, and even eventually led to a delegate-based approach to decision making on such issues as the Fundamental beliefs that define Adventism (3 h.)

Ellen White had warned that there needed to be more people involved in the process of decision making AND that having all the major "arms" of the church work all in one city was not the "salt and light" God intended. The Battle Creek Sanitarium (medical) burned February 18 and Review and Herald (publishing) burned December 30, both in the same year - 1902. (article -1513/story1.html)

All of these events helped decentralize the power and influence of the administration of the Adventist work. Currently, there are over 100 medical facilities operated by the Adventist Church and more than 70 publishing houses worldwide ( =P&AdmFieldID=GC)

Fundamental Principles of Adventist belief had been published as early as 1872 (by James White) and supported by the General Conference as early as 1889. However, the formal statement of Fundamental Beliefs published in 1980 as voted in General Conference session was a significant step in formalizing what beliefs set apart Seventh-day Adventists as a distinctive branch of Christianity AND also demonstrates the Christ-centric nature of the Adventist church. In 2005, a 28th belief (inserted as #11) was added.

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