You're not waiting for a password prompt, you're are sending one line that will enter the password and execute the command. The "blank" response from the server is likely a second password prompt waiting for input. It suggests the command sent was malformed.
A1: AutoTools SSH [
Configuration: Server: 192.168.17.63
Port: 22
Username: xxxxxxxx
Password: *******
Command: sudo -S <<< ******* shutdown -P now
Command Variable: atsshresult
Timeout (Seconds): 60
Structure Output (JSON, etc): On ]
If you have special symbols in your password, you might quote around the password.
A1: AutoTools SSH [
Configuration: Server: 192.168.17.63
Port: 22
Username: xxxxxxxx
Password: *******
Command: sudo -S <<< "*******" shutdown -P now
Command Variable: atsshresult
Timeout (Seconds): 60
Structure Output (JSON, etc): On ]
If you still can't make it work, consider adding the shutdown command to your user in the
sudoers file. Of course, this method probably shouldn't be used except on a server isolated from the Internet.
This is a Linux challenge, not a Tasker one. It would be a similar challenge running a command from a script.