Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!

[Bruno Mascarenhas புருனோ மஸ்கரனாஸ்]

Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!

• Blood has a lot of Cations
• Blood has a lot of Anions

Total charge of Anions = Total Charge of Cations

So

Na + K + Unmeasured Cations = HCO3 + Cl + unmeasured Anions
Rearranging
Na + K - (HCO3 + Cl) = Unmeasured Anions - Unmeasured Cations
Anion Gap = Unmeasured Anions - Unmeasured Cations

Anion Gap = (Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl)

Note that some books ignore the value of Calcium and calculate Anion Gap as Na - (HCO3+Cl)

• Unmeasured Anions: Means all anions other than HCO3 and Cl ----> lactate, phosphate, ketoacids , Albumin, Ethylene Glycol etc
• Unmeasured Cations: Means Ca, Lithium, Globulin

So
Anion Gap is Increased in

• Conditions with Increased Unmeasured Anions
1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
2. Uremia
3. Lactic Acidosis
• Conditions with Decreased Unmeasured Cations
1. Hypocalcemia

Anion Gap is decreased in

• Conditions with Decreased Unmeasured Anions
1. Hypoalbuminaemia (theoritically)
• Conditions with Increased Unmeasured Cations
1. Increase in Globulin (multiple Myeloma)
2. Lithium Toxicity
• 
  

Easy way to solve MCQs

1. Check what is decreased / Increased

If that is Na / K / HCO3 / Cl it is Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (also called NAGMA). The matter is settled. No doubt about that. Vomitting, Diarrhoea, Renal Tubular Acidosis etc come here

2. If there is an increase in Unmeasured Anions (lactate etc)
It is High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)

3. If there is a decrease in Unmeasured Cations (Globulin etc)
It is High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)

4. If there is an increase in Unmeasured Cations (lactate etc)
It is Low Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (LAGMA)

5. If there is a decrease in Unmeasured Anions
It is Low Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (LAGMA)

Any doubts !!!
Ask here http://bruno.penandscale.com/2006/10/anion-gap-hagma-lagma-and-nagma.html


--
http://www.doctorbruno.in
---------------------
Dr.J.Mariano Anto Bruno Mascarenhas.
"Annai Vailankanni"
2/604, 12th Street East
P & T Colony Extn, 3rd Mile,
TUTICORIN - 628008

0091 98421 11725
0091 461 2310725
Our Affiliate Sites are http://www.targetpg.com
http://www.nellaimedicos.com http://www.penandscale.com
http://www.mcqsonline.com http://www.doctorbruno.com
http://www.ask4safety.com http://www.puliyampatti.com

The Photo Section can be found at
http://www.doctorbruno.com/photos and
http://www.nellaimedicos.com/photos

[uma maheswari]

dear sir,

         may i know the seat matrix in AIPG-2009 for OBC candidates for dental?

thanks,

uma

 

[bso...@aol.in]

hi uma my cousin is finishin her bds internship this year. can you please tell me the must read books for dental pg entrance???

-----Original Message-----
From: uma maheswari <umathe...@gmail.com>
To: targ...@googlegroups.com
Sent: Mon, 15 Sep 2008 2:19 pm
Subject: Target PG Re: Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!

dear sir,

         may i know the seat matrix in AIPG-2009 for OBC candidates for dental?

thanks,

uma

 

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[uma maheswari]

hi Sowmya,

the must read mcq books are

1.Gowri Shankar

2.Dental pulse

3.Bhatia

4.SARP series for medical subjects

along with these, you should read atleast once all the subject text books (relevant) to understand the concept.
 

and do you know the seat matrix for OBC candidates in AIPG-2009?
 

[bso...@aol.in]

do you aipg medicine or dental. if its dental sorry i don have any idea. if tis medical"the concept of reservation for obc has just come into existence.in case you want a master degree in a GOOD college ur rank must be within 800.seats in assam, bihar will be vacant even upto 1500 rank!!!!!

-----Original Message-----
From: uma maheswari <umathe...@gmail.com>
To: targ...@googlegroups.com
Sent: Tue, 16 Sep 2008 4:16 pm
Subject: Target PG Re: Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!

hi Sowmya,

the must read mcq books are

1.Gowri Shankar

2.Dental pulse

3.Bhatia

4.SARP se ries for medical subjects

along with these, you should read atleast once all the subject text books (relevant) to understand the concept.
 

and do you know the seat matrix for OBC candidates in AIPG-2009?
 

On 15/09/2008, bso...@aol.in <bso...@aol.in> wrote:

hi uma my cousin is finishin her bds internship this year. can you please tell me the must read books for dental pg entrance???


-----Original Message-----
From: uma maheswari 20<umathe...@gmail.com>
To: targ...@googlegroups.com
Sent: Mon, 15 Sep 2008 2:19 pm
Subject: Target PG Re: Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!

dear sir,

         may i know the seat matrix in AIPG-2009 for OBC candidates for dental?

thanks,

uma

 

On 14/09/2008, Bruno Mascarenhas புருனோ=2 0மஸ்கரனாஸ் <br...@nellaimedicos.com> wrote:

Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!

• Blood has a lot of Cations
• Blood has a lot of Anions

Total charge of Anions = Total Charge of Cations

So

Na + K + Unmeasured Cations = HCO3 + Cl + unmeasured Anions
Rearranging
Na + K - (HCO3 + Cl) = Unmeasured Anions - Unmeasured Cations

Anion 20Gap = Unmeasured Anions - Unmeasured Cations

Anion Gap = (Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl)

Note that some books ignore the value of Calcium and calculate Anion Gap as Na - (HCO3+Cl)

• Unmeasured Anions: Means all anions other than HCO3 and Cl ----> lactate, phosphate, ketoacids , Albumin, Ethylene Glycol etc
• Unmeasured Cations: Means Ca, Lithium, Globulin

So
Anion Gap is Increased in

• Conditions with Increased Unmeasured Anions

• 1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  2. Uremia
  3. Lact ic Acidosis

• Conditions with Decreased Unmeasured Cations
  1. Hypocalcemia

Anion Gap is decreased in

• Conditions with Decreased Unmeasured Anions
  1. Hypoalbuminaemia (theoritically)
• Conditions with Increased Unmeasured Cations
  1. Increase in Globulin (multiple Myeloma)
  2. Lithium Toxicity
• 
  

Easy way to solve MCQs

1. Check what is decreased / Increased

If that is Na / K / HCO3 / Cl it is Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (also called NAGMA). The matter is settled . No doubt about that. Vomitting, Diarrhoea, Renal Tubular Acidosis etc come here

2. If there is an increase in Unmeasured Anions (lactate etc)
It is High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)

3. If there is a decrease in Unmeasured Cations (Globulin etc)
It is High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)

4. If there is an increase in Unmeasured Cations (lactate etc)
It is Low Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (LAGMA)

5. If there is a decrease in Unmeasured Anions
It is Low Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (LAGMA)

Any doubts !!!
Ask here http://bruno.penandscale.com/2006/10/anion-gap-hagma-lagma-and-nagma.html


--
http://www.doctorbruno.in
---------------------
Dr.J.Mariano Anto Bruno Mascarenhas.
"Annai Vailankanni"
2/604, 12th Street East
P & T Colony Extn, 3rd Mile,
TUTICORIN - 628008

0091 98421 11725
0091 461 2310725
Our Affiliate Sites are http://www.targetpg.com
http://www.nellaimedicos.com http://www.penandscale.com

http:/ /www.mcqsonline.com http://www.doctorbruno.com

http://www.ask4safety.com http://www.puliyampatti.com

The Photo Section can be found at
http://www.doctorbruno.com/photos and
http://www.nellaimedicos.com/photos
 

 

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[Shamma Aboobacker]

can sumone tell me wat i should aim for to get a dermat seat... in aiims?

Cus it is v necessary for me...

 

thanks....