Intel 8244
Kristeen Cheek
In Figure 8, we have an overall look at the motherboard of the Odyssey2. In the upper right corner you can see the components of its linear power supply. (The external transformer was not a complete power supply.) On the next page, we will provide a more in-depth explanation about how the hardware of the Odyssey2 worked.
The graphics and sound were controlled by an Intel 8244 chip (or Intel 8245 in the European version of the Odyssey2), which was
a custom-made integrated circuit, meaning that Intel developed it exclusively for Magnavox and only sold it to this company.
The fact that the Intel 8048 microcontroller had a proprietary software burned inside it by Magnavox and the use of a proprietary audio and graphics controller, this made it impossible for other companies to clone the Odyssey2. (Cloning could be accomplished by reverse-engineering the Intel 8244 chip and creating a new chip with similar functions, but copying the contents of the 8048 internal ROM would be illegal. As far as we know, nobody cared to clone the Odyssey2.)
The Intel 8244/8245 chip had a tiny embedded RAM that could store up to four programmable video objects called sprites. Each sprite measured 8 x 8 dots, meaning that each sprite occupied 64 bits, as only one color could be defined per sprite, out of eight possible colors (dark gray, red, green, orange, blue, violet, light gray, and white). Each sprite could be moved freely on the screen and could be placed side-by-side to build objects bigger than 8 x 8 dots.
One drawback of The Voice was that the sound came out of the module itself, not through the TV speakers. Because of that, the module had a sliding volume controller that work independently of the main sound generated by the console.
We made a playlist, which you can watch below, with us playing some Odyssey2 games. Since the speech synthesizer module was installed, pay attention to the additional sound effects produced by this device.
Only caveat at the moment: MTU size can't be set (stays on "automatic" and 1280; was manually optimized 8244 before); SANLink Utility is dysfunctional. From the server, read speed is good, writing speed is worse than before.
Hi RP, that is not entirely correct: The MTU size I used before (8244) is far outside the now allowed narrow range (1280 to 2034) and will be set back to 1280/automatic when a number outside that range is inserted; if you are with Promise and have any possibility to change that with Apple please do so. This is quite a performance killer.
The S-8244 series is used for secondary protection of lithium-ion batteries with from one to four cells, and incorporates a high-precision voltage detector circuit and a delay circuit. Short-circuits between cells accommodate series connection of one to four cells.
The IAP Office in coordination with MMOA has conducted the initial FY24 slating. Below is the updated list with remaining billet vacancies. FAOs/RAOs, including experience track FAOs/RAOs and FAOs/RAOs interested in executing a second utilization tour, please submit your utilization tour request form to IAPM...@usmc.mil and Cc your PMOS Monitor and the Graduate Education Monitor (jaime...@usmc.mil) NLT 9 Feb 2024.
Marine Officers will rate a region specific 824X AMOS designation upon successful completion of graduate level education at NPS and language training, or once a qualifying language proficiency score on file has been received. FAO designation is also possible through selection by the Experience Track panel for Marines possessing language and regional expertise, as well as a regionally focused graduate degree. Additionally awarded to Marines who have completed FPME, Olmsted scholar, or PEP in non-English speaking countries FAOs develop professional language regional expertise and cultural (LREC) capabilities and insights to help MAGTF, Joint, and Coalition commanders understand the complex human environment where Marines deploy. FAO training focuses on the three skill sets of the LREC continuum: regionally-focused graduate education, foreign language proficiency and direct experience through regional immersion and travel. The in-country/regional immersion prepares FAOs to understand historical context, cultural significance, and social perspectives of foreign societies and militaries.
Marine Officers will rate a region specific 822X AMOS designation upon successful completion of academic training at NPS, completion of FPME, or PEP tour in an English-speaking country. RAO designation is also possible through selection by the Experience Track panel when a Marine has significant regional experience outside of the aforementioned mentioned programs. RAOs develop specialized regional expertise through graduate education or significant time abroad. RAOs are qualified to serve in billets where foreign language skills are not required.
Foreign Area Staff Non-Commissioned Officers provide language skills, regional expertise and cultural capabilities (LREC) to MAGTF commanders throughout the phases of military operations and across the range of military operations to achieve U.S. government objectives. FAS's will apply LREC to the Marine Corps Planning Process, Security Cooperation and combined exercise planning, and serve as LREC trainers for operational force units, members of Forward Command Elements, and inter-organizational liaisons. FAS's will acquire Core Plus skills in Civil Affairs and Information Operations through skill progression and enhancement training as available/required. FAS's are proficient in their PMOS. This MOS may be assigned only as a FMOS and is available to ground and aviation Marines.FAS training focuses on the same skill sets as FAOs.
PEPs represent Marine Corps engagement with allied partners to exchange and standardize operational procedures between coalition partners. Marine Corps exchange personnel embed with partnered military units while foreign counterparts embed with Marine Corps units, to develop and enhance worldwide security cooperation.
The 8220 MOS is used to designate those billets requiring a degree of knowledge or experience in international affairs. Officers assigned to fill these billets may include, but are not limited to, Regional Affairs Officers, Foreign Area Officers, and Interagency assignments. It will also be used to identify officers undergoing training as RAOs until they complete the requirements for designation in a regional sub-specialty (FMOS 8221-8228). This MOS may be assigned only as a FMOS. MOS 8220 will be assigned and voided only by authority of CMC (MM). Upon beginning Phase I of the Study Track RAO at Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Foreign Professional Military Education (FPME) or PEP in English-speaking countries, Marine Officers will rate the 8220 designation. Additionally, Marines who serve in non-regionally affiliated political military (pol-mil) affairs billets within the contiguous United States which do not require the ability to speak a secondary language. Examples of such billets are: legislative affairs, state department, Liaison Officer (LNO), political/military fellowships (Brookings, JFK), or other interagency departments requiring pol-mil affairs expertise.
The Marine Corps International Affairs Programs (IAP) identifies, develops and manages a professionalized cadre of subject matter experts in regionally focused political-military affairs who will possess advanced education in regional security studies, regional experience, and advanced linguistic skills. In order to serve as leaders, principle staff, planners, and advisers on capabilities for assignments on tactical, operational, and strategic-level staffs, joint and combined assignments, and for duty with interagency organizations in order to improve MAGTF plans, operations, security cooperation, and intelligence efforts. IAP Marines will be primary nominees: mil-diplomatic defense attach, Office of Security Cooperations, regional plans, advisors, plans, policies, operations. IAP is responsible for selection, designation and assignment of Marines to the following programs:
The Defense Language Proficiency Test is a battery of foreign language tests intended to assess the general language proficiency of native English speakers in a specific foreign language, in the skills of reading and listening. An Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) is sometimes administered to Defense Language Institute students to establish the graduate's proficiency in speaking following training there, but it is not part of the DLPT.
The Defense Language Aptitude Battery (DLAB) is a test used to test an individual's potential for learning a foreign language and thus determining who may pursue language training. The test does not attempt to gauge a person's fluency in a given language, but rather to determine their ability to learn a language. The test will give the service member examples of what a selection of words or what a portion of a word means, then asks the test taker to create a specific word from the samples given.[2]
To qualify to pursue training in a language, one needs a minimum score of 95. Furthermore, the DLAB is a required test for officers looking to either join the Foreign Area Officer program or the Olmsted Scholar Program. The required grade for these programs is a 105, but the recommended grade is at least a 130 or above.
The goal for IAP participants who attend language training is to graduate with a minimum score of 2/2/1+ in Listening/Reading/ and Speaking modalities on the DLPT and Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI). This level of proficiency corresponds to a limited functional proficiency in the target language, which will enable the individual to converse confidently, on most social, work, and family topics.
FAOs and FASs are required to maintain current DLPT and OPI proficiency scores in one language of their assigned region in order to maintain the AMOS. Proficiency requirements for the AMOS are the same as testing requirements for FLPP eligibility as established by the current Marine Corps Order on FLPP. Marines stationed further than 50 miles from the nearest testing facility can request an extension of their current DLPT/OPI scores.
c80f0f1006