Punchwas founded on 17 July 1841 by Henry Mayhew and wood-engraver Ebenezer Landells, on an initial investment of 25. It was jointly edited by Mayhew and Mark Lemon. It was subtitled The London Charivari in homage to Charles Philipon's French satirical humour magazine Le Charivari.[1] Reflecting their satiric and humorous intent, the two editors took for their name and masthead the anarchic glove puppet, Mr. Punch, of Punch and Judy; the name also referred to a joke made early on about one of the magazine's first editors, Lemon, that "punch is nothing without lemon".[2]
Mayhew ceased to be joint editor in 1842 and became "suggestor in chief" until he severed his connection in 1845. The magazine initially struggled for readers, except for an 1842 Almanack issue which shocked its creators by selling 90,000 copies. In December 1842 due to financial difficulties, the magazine was sold to Bradbury and Evans, both printers and publishers. Bradbury and Evans capitalised on newly evolving mass printing technologies and also were the publishers for Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray.
The term "cartoon" to refer to comic drawings was first used in Punch in 1843, when the Houses of Parliament were to be decorated with murals, and "cartoons" for the mural were displayed for the public; the term "cartoon" then meant a finished preliminary sketch on a large piece of cardboard, or cartone in Italian. Punch humorously appropriated the term to refer to its political cartoons, and the popularity of the Punch cartoons led to the term's widespread use.[3]
Illustrator Archibald Henning designed the cover of the magazine's first issues. The cover design varied in the early years, though Richard Doyle designed what became the magazine's masthead in 1849. Artists who published in Punch during the 1840s and 1850s included John Leech, Doyle, John Tenniel, and Charles Keene. This group became known as "The Punch Brotherhood", which also included Charles Dickens, who joined Bradbury and Evans after leaving Chapman and Hall in 1843.[4] Punch's authors and artists also contributed to another Bradbury and Evans literary magazine called Once A Week (est. 1859), created in response to Dickens' departure from Household Words.[4]
After months of financial difficulty and lack of market success, Punch became a staple for British drawing rooms because of its sophisticated humour and absence of offensive material, especially when viewed against the satirical press of the time. The Times and the Sunday paper News of the World used small pieces from Punch as column fillers, giving the magazine free publicity and indirectly granting a degree of respectability, a privilege not enjoyed by any other comic publication. Punch shared a friendly relationship with not only The Times, but also journals aimed at intellectual audiences such as the Westminster Review, which published a 53-page illustrated article on Punch's first two volumes. Historian Richard Altick writes that "To judge from the number of references to it in the private letters and memoirs of the 1840s...Punch had become a household word within a year or two of its founding, beginning in the middle class and soon reaching the pinnacle of society, royalty itself".[8]
Increasing in readership and popularity throughout the remainder of the 1840s and '50s, Punch was the success story of a threepenny weekly paper that had become one of the most talked-about and enjoyed periodicals. Punch enjoyed an audience including Elizabeth Barrett, Robert Browning, Thomas Carlyle, Edward FitzGerald, Charlotte Bront, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Emily Dickinson, Herman Melville, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and James Russell Lowell. Punch gave several phrases to the English language, including The Crystal Palace, and the "Curate's egg" (first seen in an 1895 cartoon by George du Maurier). Several British humour classics were first serialised in Punch, such as the Diary of a Nobody and 1066 and All That. Towards the end of the 19th century, the artistic roster included Harry Furniss, Linley Sambourne, Francis Carruthers Gould, and Phil May.[4] Among the outstanding cartoonists of the following century were Bernard Partridge, H. M. Bateman, Bernard Hollowood (who also edited the magazine from 1957 to 1968), Kenneth Mahood, and Norman Thelwell.
Punch was widely emulated worldwide and was popular throughout the British Empire. The experience of Britons in British colonies, especially in India, influenced Punch and its iconography. Tenniel's Punch cartoons of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny led to a surge in the magazine's popularity. India was frequently caricatured in Punch and was an important source of knowledge on the subcontinent for British readers.[11]
In early 1996, businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed bought the rights to the name, and Punch was relaunched later that year.[10][12] The new version of the magazine was intended to be a spoiler aimed at Private Eye, which had published many items critical of Fayed. Punch never became profitable in its new incarnation, and at the end of May 2002, it was announced as once more ceasing publication.[10] Press reports quoted a loss of 16 million over the six years of publication, with only 6,000 subscribers at the end.
Whereas the earlier version of Punch prominently featured the clownish character Punchinello (Punch of Punch and Judy) performing antics on front covers, the resurrected Punch did not use the character, but featured on its weekly covers a photograph of a boxing glove, thus informing its readers that the new magazine intended its name to mean "punch" in the sense of a boxing blow.
In 2004, much of the archives was acquired by the British Library, including the Punch table. The long, oval, Victorian table was brought into the offices some time around 1855, and was used for staff meetings and on other occasions. The wooden surface is scarred with the carved initials of the magazine's long-term writers, artists, and editors, as well as six invited "strangers", including James Thurber and Charles III (then Prince of Wales). Mark Twain declined the invitation, saying that the already-carved initials of William Makepeace Thackeray included his own.
Experience a tongue-tingling candy that packs a punch! With its bold flavors, bright colors, and chewy candy texture, Sour Punch candy is perfect for those who crave a little excitement in their snacks.
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The last liquid going in is a bottle of 7-up soda, but you can definitely use ginger ale if you prefer! The carbonation from the soda adds a nice fizziness to the punch and works really well with the sherbet.
I used a raspberry rainbow sherbet for our punch, but if you have a favorite sherbet that you prefer, feel free to swap it out for that! I like the raspberry sherbet for this because I think it goes so well with the different juices and of course those fresh raspberries. Enjoy!
In a pitcher, whisk together milk, half-and-half, bourbon, sugar and vanilla. Freeze until slushy, which will take 3 to 4 hours, but you can leave it in there up to a day. Stir before serving it in chilled glasses, finished with a few gratings of fresh nutmeg.
This is a perfect way to bring in the New Year! As a Louisvillian, I am happy to agree with you that bourbon is, in fact, a food group. This recipe puts it to very good use. (And we all need more calcium, right?!) Thank you for another delicious year of recipes and baby photos. All the best to you in 2011!
This is in my freezer as I type! Its a balmy 88 degrees here on the Central Coast of Australia and this is going to go down really nice! I usually make a mean egg nog, but my best friend is allergic to eggs, this will be perfect for her. Thanks Deb.
Inspired by your post (and Ben Franklin) I made this tonight, and it was delicious! Somewhat unglamourously, but very practically, I put the ingredients (including freshly grated nutmeg) into individual mason jars, and then just capped them, shook them up really well, and placed them in the freezer for a couple hours. They were delicious!!
John Denver & the Muppets? Best. Holiday. Album. EVER. You? Just got even cooler in my book. Never in my wildest dreams did I think that another person out there held both JD&tM AND bourbon in such high regard. I am not alone. Happy new year from a kindred spirit.
Lovely post! I too am a bourbon girl when it comes to milk punch. I was craving one too, a couple of weeks ago. For the sweetener I chose maple syrup, which I was very proud of.
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This has been a Christmas family tradition for YEARS! Our family recipe has been passed down for generations. My parents say its the only way to make it through Christmas morning with kids. My sister and I are now grown, so we all share this on Christmas morning. Our recipe involves vanilla ice cream as well! Delicious!
Growing up in South Louisian, I thought EVERYONE knew about milk punch. But of course I also thought everyone knew about crawfish, cuchion de laits, bonfires on the levee and a lot of stuff when I moved to NYC. Boy was I wrong, lol.
You had me with half and half and bourbon, but had to comment because of John Denver and the Muppets. My all time favorite Christmas album. Well, maybe a tie with Harry Connick, Jr. Seems more appropriate with the cocktails anyway.
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