Data from millions of appraisals in 2012-2019 are used to estimate residential land prices, the share of house value attributable to land, and related statistics down to the census-tract level for areas that include the vast majority of U.S. population and single-family housing. The results confirm predictions about land prices from canonical urban models. Over 2012-2019, we show that land prices rose faster than house prices in large metro areas, boosting the land share of house value, while the land share fell in smaller metros. The data are available for download at
Last year, we found that The Princeton Review was charging different prices for its online SAT tutoring course in different ZIP codes. In some ZIP codes, the course cost $6,600; in others that same course was offered for as much as $8,400.
Charging different prices to different geographic regions is regulated in Europe, but is not in the United States. In this case, it resulted in inadvertent discrimination. Our analysis found that Asians were nearly twice as likely to get that higher price from The Princeton Review than non-Asians. Asians make up 4.9 percent of the U.S. population overall, but they accounted for more than 8 percent of the population in areas where The Princeton Review was charging higher prices for its SAT prep packages.
Starting rates are estimates only and do not reflect variations due to discounts, availability, holidays, or other factors. Actual prices may vary. Other fees may apply. You may review your total estimated reservation cost before you confirm your reservation.
A zip of weed is a unit of measurement that is equal to one ounce (28 Grams) of cannabis. This is a common unit of measurement in the marijuana industry, especially in states where the drug is legal for medicinal or recreational use. "Delta-8 3.5g Flower - Cookies (Hybrid) " $28.00
The length of time a zip of weed lasts will depend on a number of factors, including the frequency of use and the potency of the product. On average, a zip of weed can last between one and two months for a daily user. However, for someone who only uses cannabis occasionally, it can last much longer. Take these timelines with a grain of salt, because you
The cost of a zip of weed will vary depending on where you live and the quality of the product. On average, a zip of weed can cost anywhere from $200 to $400 in a legal market, with prices ranging higher or lower depending on the location and the quality of the product.
FDA DISCLOSURE: The statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. All information presented here is not meant as a substitute for or alternative to information from health care practitioners. Please consult your health care professional about potential interactions or other possible complications before using any product.
As the U.S. Housing market undergoes big shifts, many home inspectors are revisiting their pricing models. During the spring and summer of 2021, many inspectors increased their prices to account for growing inflation. But at the end of the year, some of the same inspectors were offering discounts and reduced pricing to respond to a slowing market and uncertain forecast in the new year.
We've been following the same data you have. When we published our 2024 Spectora Industry Snapshot in February of this year, the average cost of a home inspection in the U.S. was $462. However, that number might not be too helpful as the cost of a home inspection varies regionally and from state to state.
This data was taken from more than one million home inspections logged on the Spectora app over a period of several years. The data goes up to December 2023. Because it's collected over a longer period, it's reflective of the market as a whole and less of a snapshot of any point and time.
It's important to note that this data does not account for the size of a home, the age of a home, or any other unique factors that impact the cost of an individual home inspection. The dataset also does not include ancillary services added after the initial booking. The numbers you see below are true averages across all home inspections.
Florida boasts some of the markets with the highest levels of price change activity in inventory held by large SFR operators (100+ units). Zip code 33993 has captured our attention for several reasons:
In a previous analysis of price cuts by large SFR operators, we highlighted how Florida is one of the markets witnessing a significant portion of inventory receiving price cuts. Cape Coral is at the epicenter of this price adjustment, and 33993 exemplifies this phenomenon:
Enjoy Drop-In and Open Play sessions throughout the week, available in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Check the Court Reserve app for our full schedule. Each two-hour session offers drop-in play spots priced at $10 per person.
Prefer to reserve a court? You can easily book online for just $25 per hour. Feel free to make as many reservations as you like for you and your friends. Plus, we offer a full refund on cancellations made at least 24 hours before your scheduled court time through our website for added flexibility.
Policies in Force (PIF): Number of insurance policies. These exhibits only show policies for single-family homes, where each household has its own policy. The data does not include multi-family and non-residential policies because these have different coverage amounts and values than typical single-family homes.
Risk-Based Cost of Insurance: This is what policyholders would pay if they were paying their full actuarial rate as evaluated under the rates implemented Oct. 1, 2021. This rate is based on the expected costs of losses and programmatic expenses, without subsidies. Many policyholders pay less than their full rate (see below). These full-rate estimates will be updated periodically as risks change.
Percentage of Policies with Exposure to Various Flood Perils: The percentage of policies exposed to each type of flood peril. In Exhibit 1, this is the percentage of policies within each price range that are exposed to each type of peril. In Exhibits 2-4, this is the percentage of policies in each geographic area exposed to each type of peril.
FEMA recognizes and shares concerns about the cost of flood insurance and how higher premiums can affect communities. Premiums include operating costs and other related costs. FEMA aims to align these costs as premiums increase, which would translate to a lower, risk-based cost of insurance.
As an example of the research findings, Figure 1 shows two houses on either side of a Buffalo ZIP code boundary and the average premiums offered to a good driver at each address from five major auto insurers. Except for the address, the tested drivers were exactly the same in every way, and the coverage is for the state mandated minimum liability policy. The good driver in the lower-income, predominantly African American 14215 ZIP code was quoted 34% higher premiums on average than her counterpart next door, in the wealthier, majority white 14226 ZIP.
For the research released today, CFA sought online premium quotes from Allstate, Farmers, Geico, Liberty Mutual, Nationwide, and Progressive[1] in ten cities: Atlanta, Austin, Buffalo, Columbus, Denver, Detroit, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Tampa, and Trenton. CFA found,
Figure 2 provides the simple averages of ZIP median income, white residents as a percentage of ZIP population, and ZIP premiums for all ten cities in aggregate. The neighbors who live in ZIP codes that are 60% less white and have half the income pay about 23% more for auto insurance even if they have perfect driving records.
Insurance companies are not supposed to treat similar risks differently, and there is no way that two people who can talk to each other from their yards can be considered different risks based on geography. Since states require drivers to purchase private auto insurance, the companies and government regulators have a special obligation to ensure fairness in pricing.
Even if, as regulators, you remain open to the idea of highly differentiated premiums that include ZIP code by ZIP code rating, there is no justification for stark price differences along these unnatural borders. Instead, you should insist that companies smooth their rates across similarly structured geographies so as to avoid this type of ZIP code discrimination faced by residents of lower-income, majority-minority communities.
In Minneapolis, for example, four companies that provided quotes charged, on average, $602 more to drivers in the lower-income ZIP, but Liberty Mutual charged the same premium in both ZIPs. In Atlanta, Allstate charged two percent less in the lower-income ZIP, while other companies charged, on average, 26 percent more in the poorer ZIP. According to CFA, this illustrates that wildly different premiums from one house to the next are not necessary or actuarially commanded, but, instead, are likely driven by marketing decisions of insurers.
In the figure above the red data labels indicate the largest increase imposed by a company on the customer in the lower-income ZIP Code, the blue labels indicate the smallest increase or a decrease for that consumer relative to the high-income ZIP resident, and the green labels indicate the average premium change from all companies tested for the city.
The following links show a picture of the two addresses tested in each city and the average premium difference for a good driver on either side of the ZIP code boundary. An appendix with all the premium quotes used in this research is available here.
It's no surprise the cost of groceries and homes are on the rise due to inflation, supply and demand and more. According to the National Association of Realtors, the median sale price of a home in December of 2023 was 4.4% higher than in December 2022.
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