Panopticon Font

[Margarita Lovvorn]

Panopticon Imaging is an all service digital and darkroom photo-imaging lab, located in Southeastern Massachusetts. We serve a diverse array of local, national and international photographers, educational institutions, historical archives and museums. The staff at Panopticon Imaging strives to offer the highest-quality services in a prompt manner with integrity and excellent customer services. Our staff has decades of photographic experience- specializing in darkroom and digital printing, photo restoration, high-resolution scanning, custom matting and framing and all of your photographic and imaging needs.

Check out our Panopticon Imaging Baseball T! This super soft, lightweight shirt has 3/4 black sleeves with a heather grey body. Featured on the front is "Panopticon Imaging Inc." in a baseball inspired font with "07," our year of incorporation on the back.

When available on the server, the client will automatically detect and load the font and consequently, can be used in a part or workbook. Otherwise, the client will fall back to the system installed fonts.

Roman Mars [00:01:22] Along the curved brick walls, there are heavy orange doors. More than 200 of them spread out evenly across the four floors. And behind most of these doors are small rooms that were once prison cells.

Roman Mars [00:01:48] The panopticon might be the best-known prison concept in the world. In the original design, all the cells are built around a central guard tower, designed to maintain order just by making prisoners believe that they are constantly being watched. The panopticon design is more than 200 years old, and it still shows up in popular culture, like Star Wars and Guardians of the Galaxy.

Roman Mars [00:03:45] When this building was completed more than 130 years ago, it was on the cutting edge of European penitentiary construction. This may seem hard to fathom today, but Dutch reformers and architects believed that they had created a humane way to prevent people from committing crimes. But instead of improving the prison system, it quickly became one of the cruelest forms of incarceration.

Tatiana Kim [00:04:08] The whole idea of mass incarceration began around the 16th century. Locking people up was seen as a vast improvement on the old system of public flogging, hangings, and beheadings.

Ren van Swaaningen [00:04:19] Netherlands was one of the first countries to introduce prisons actually in the world as an alternative to torture, to capital punishment, and to corporal punishment.

Roman Mars [00:05:12] But the goal of actually rehabilitating inmates was quickly lost. The houses of correction devolved into just convenient sources of very cheap labor. And they were miserable places.

Roman Mars [00:05:44] Since everyone was mixed together, these prisons became places where younger inmates were easily influenced by more seasoned criminals. Diseases spread quickly. The jails were so awful, mothers would bring their misbehaving kids to have a look just to scare them straight.

Tatiana Kim [00:06:34] Alexis de Tocqueville had traveled to the United States to study its penitentiaries. He visited one prison, which at the time was based on a whole new model of incarceration. It was run by Quakers who believed that instead of locking prisoners up in huge cages, each individual should be kept in complete solitude.

Tatiana Kim [00:07:15] But in the 1800s, the Quakers thought that solitary confinement could actually be a key to healing and true religious penitence. Kind of like a monk, it was believed that isolation would bring the inmate closer to God.

Ren van Swaaningen [00:07:29] So you would be locked up with one book. Guess what book? The Bible, obviously. And you were not allowed to talk, but you were to reflect upon your sins, basically.

Ros Floor [00:08:16] Those buildings were very different. In the old type, you needed the big, big rooms. And in the new type, you needed the small cells for one person. And they thought, by that way, it could be possible to make people repent their crimes.

Tatiana Kim [00:09:19] For these new penitentiaries, Metzelaar had to create a design that would fit a lot of inmates but give them each an individual cell and enough supervision. And each cell had to be strictly isolated from each other, allowing zero interaction between the inmates. He was drawn to a prison design idea that originated outside of the Netherlands. It was called a panopticon.

Philip Steadman [00:11:17] Bentham wanted the panopticon to be a place where prisoners were trained in crafts, which they could then carry on when they left the prison and so on. So, it was a reforming institution.

Roman Mars [00:12:07] But Bentham was interested in more than just this centralized surveillance point that has become so synonymous with the panopticon. In his letters, he stressed another critical design feature: individual prison cells.

Tatiana Kim [00:12:19] He believed that isolating inmates was key to a functioning panopticon prison. Individual cells kept prisoners from fighting or conspiring to escape. It was easier for guards to keep an eye on inmates who were alone, making sure they did nothing but repent for their crimes.

Tatiana Kim [00:12:56] Bentham hired an architect to draw the design, which showed a building with large windows, a lot of light, and lots of internal mechanisms, which allowed the whole prison to operate like a well-oiled machine.

Roman Mars [00:13:34] It would have been because as passionate as he was about his circular prison and as hard as he tried to get the British government to build one, Jeremy Bentham died in 1832 without ever seeing his panopticon prison completed.

Roman Mars [00:15:16] But Metzelaar wanted the new prisons to be more than just practical. Throughout his life as an architect, he often looked for ways to integrate art into his buildings. As strange as it may sound, he hoped to do the same thing with this prison; Metzelaar wanted to create something elegant.

Tatiana Kim [00:16:26] By the end of the 19th century, prisons in the U.S. and across Europe were being built with an emphasis on individual cells. These were expected to be penitentiaries in the truest sense. And the Dutch were among the first to take that concept and pull it off in the form of real, working panopticons. Three of them, actually, including Breda.

Tatiana Kim [00:16:59] There were 205 cells, each one just slightly smaller than an 11 by 11-foot room. The prison was very modern. There was central heating and even electricity. The inmates spent almost their entire days in their cells, in complete solitude, eating, sleeping, reading their Bibles, and theoretically repenting for their crimes.

Ren van Swaaningen [00:17:24] In the very early prisons, you had one cell to yourself, and you were not allowed to speak. If you went to work, you would wear a kind of bag over your head so nobody would recognize you. So solitary was solitary.

Roman Mars [00:17:40] The Dutch believed that this form of punishment was the best way to make criminals more fit for a God-fearing society. The Netherlands enthusiastically used solitary confinement to both discipline criminals and prevent crime.

Tatiana Kim [00:17:52] But by the early 1930s, about four decades after the Breda dome prison first opened, people were realizing that this whole theory of rehabilitation was nonsense. The expansive, groundbreaking panopticon experiment in the Netherlands was actually a torturous disaster.

Roman Mars [00:19:45] State officials, judges, and lawmakers were all put behind bars. Obviously a pretty unusual situation. But those Dutch elite got to experience firsthand the sheer awfulness of prison.

Roman Mars [00:20:30] The Dutch were also once again rewriting their laws to emphasize rehabilitation, this time not by trying out a new and untested design theory, but instead by reducing the number of penitentiaries around the country.

Tatiana Kim [00:20:51] Starting in the early 1950s, the Dutch also began decreasing their use of solitary confinement. Inside of Breda, they got rid of strict isolation. They built spaces where inmates could interact, including a library, a gym, and several workshops.

Ros Floor [00:21:08] Formerly, they slept, they ate, and they worked in their cell. But later they had their rooms for eating, for sports, and for working in different buildings around the dome prison itself.

Roman Mars [00:21:23] More recent changes in Dutch law have led to an overall drop in the national prison population. In just ten years, starting in 2007, the number of prisoners in the Netherlands fell 20%.

Roman Mars [00:23:01] Last September, two companies with bigger ambitions for the space bought the entire complex, which covers more than eight acres. The new owners are planning to turn it into a small village with green space, offices, and concert halls. But making any changes will not be easy. The prison has been designated a national monument, which seriously limits how much the structures can be modified.

Tatiana Kim [00:27:20] So she had this family feud going on. And one day in 2006, when she was 33 years old, Tati came to visit the family. And her brother and her new sister-in-law happened to be at that family gathering. So, Tati, in the middle of the feud, stabbed her sister-in-law. And according to the judge, she also tried to hurt her brother with the same knife. As a result, she was convicted of double attempted murder and sentenced to eight years in prison.

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