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Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability,data availability, security, and performance. Customers of all sizes and industries can useAmazon S3 to store and protect any amount of data for a range of use cases, such as data lakes,websites, mobile applications, backup and restore, archive, enterprise applications, IoTdevices, and big data analytics. Amazon S3 provides management features so that you can optimize,organize, and configure access to your data to meet your specific business, organizational,and compliance requirements.
Amazon S3 offers a range of storage classes designed for different use cases. Forexample, you can store mission-critical production data in S3 Standard or S3 Express One Zone for frequentaccess, save costs by storing infrequently accessed data in S3 Standard-IA orS3 One Zone-IA, and archive data at the lowest costs in S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval,S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval, and S3 Glacier Deep Archive.
Amazon S3 Express One Zone is a high-performance, single-zone Amazon S3 storage class that is purpose-builtto deliver consistent, single-digit millisecond data access for your mostlatency-sensitive applications. S3 Express One Zone is the lowest latency cloud objectstorage class available today, with data accessspeedsup to 10x faster and with request costs50percent lower than S3 Standard. S3 Express One Zone is the first S3 storage class where you can select a single Availability Zone with the option to co-locate your object storage with your compute resources, which provides the highest possible access speed.Additionally, to further increase access speed and support hundreds of thousands ofrequests per second, data is stored in a new bucket type: anAmazon S3 directory bucket. For more information, see What is S3 Express One Zone? and Directory buckets.
You can store data with changing or unknown access patterns inS3 Intelligent-Tiering, which optimizes storage costs by automatically moving yourdata between four access tiers when your access patterns change. These four accesstiers include two low-latency access tiers optimized for frequent and infrequentaccess, and two opt-in archive access tiers designed for asynchronous access forrarely accessed data.
Amazon S3 provides features for auditing and managing access to your buckets andobjects. By default, S3 buckets and the objects in them are private. You have accessonly to the S3 resources that you create. To grant granular resource permissionsthat support your specific use case or to audit the permissions of your Amazon S3resources, you can use the following features.
Amazon S3 provides strong read-after-write consistency for PUT and DELETE requests ofobjects in your Amazon S3 bucket in all AWS Regions. This behavior applies to bothwrites of new objects as well as PUT requests that overwrite existing objects andDELETE requests. In addition, read operations on Amazon S3 Select, Amazon S3 access controllists (ACLs), Amazon S3 Object Tags, and object metadata (for example, the HEAD object)are strongly consistent. For more information, see Amazon S3 data consistency model.
To store your data in Amazon S3, you first create a bucket and specify a bucket name andAWS Region. Then, you upload your data to that bucket as objects in Amazon S3. Each objecthas a key (or keyname), which is the unique identifier for the object within thebucket.
S3 provides features that you can configure to support your specific use case. Forexample, you can use S3 Versioning to keep multiple versions of an object in the samebucket, which allows you to restore objects that are accidentally deleted oroverwritten.
Buckets and the objects in them are private and can be accessed only if you explicitlygrant access permissions. You can use bucket policies, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies,access control lists (ACLs), and S3 Access Points to manage access.
A bucket is a container for objects stored in Amazon S3. You can store any number ofobjects in a bucket and can have up to 100 buckets in your account. To request anincrease, visit the Service Quotasconsole.
When you create a bucket, you enter a bucket name and choose the AWS Regionwhere the bucket will reside. After you create a bucket, you cannot change the nameof the bucket or its Region. Bucket names must follow the bucket naming rules. You can also configure a bucket to use S3 Versioning or other storage managementfeatures.
Objects are the fundamental entities stored in Amazon S3. Objects consist of objectdata and metadata. The metadata is a set of name-value pairs that describe theobject. These pairs include some default metadata, such as the date last modified,and standard HTTP metadata, such as Content-Type. You can also specifycustom metadata at the time that the object is stored.
An object key (or keyname) is the unique identifier for an object within a bucket. Everyobject in a bucket has exactly one key. The combination of a bucket, object key, andoptionally, version ID (if S3 Versioning is enabled for the bucket) uniquely identifyeach object. So you can think of Amazon S3 as a basic data map between "bucket + key +version" and the object itself.
You can use S3 Versioning to keep multiple variants of an object in the samebucket. With S3 Versioning, you can preserve, retrieve, and restore every version ofevery object stored in your buckets. You can easily recover from both unintendeduser actions and application failures.
When you enable S3 Versioning in a bucket, Amazon S3 generates a unique version ID foreach object added to the bucket. Objects that already existed in the bucket at thetime that you enable versioning have a version ID of null. If youmodify these (or any other) objects with other operations, such as CopyObject and PutObject, the new objectsget a unique version ID.
A bucket policy is a resource-based AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy that you can use togrant access permissions to your bucket and the objects in it. Only the bucket ownercan associate a policy with a bucket. The permissions attached to the bucket applyto all of the objects in the bucket that are owned by the bucket owner. Bucketpolicies are limited to 20 KB in size.
Bucket policies use JSON-based access policy language that is standard acrossAWS. You can use bucket policies to add or deny permissions for the objects in abucket. Bucket policies allow or deny requests based on the elements in the policy,including the requester, S3 actions, resources, and aspects or conditions of therequest (for example, the IP address used to make the request). For example, you cancreate a bucket policy that grants cross-account permissions to upload objects to anS3 bucket while ensuring that the bucket owner has full control of the uploadedobjects. For more information, see Examples of Amazon S3 bucket policies.
In your bucket policy, you can use wildcard characters on Amazon Resource Names(ARNs) and other values to grant permissions to a subset of objects. For example,you can control access to groups of objects that begin with a common prefix or end with a given extension, such as.html.
Amazon S3 Access Points are named network endpoints with dedicated access policies thatdescribe how data can be accessed using that endpoint. Access Points are attached tobuckets that you can use to perform S3 object operations, such as GetObject andPutObject. Access Points simplify managing data access at scale for shared datasetsin Amazon S3.
Each access point has its own access point policy. You can configure Block Public Access settingsfor each access point. To restrict Amazon S3 data access to a private network, you canalso configure any access point to accept requests only from a virtual private cloud(VPC).
You can use ACLs to grant read and write permissions to authorized users forindividual buckets and objects. Each bucket and object has an ACL attached to it asa subresource. The ACL defines which AWS accounts or groups are granted access andthe type of access. ACLs are an access control mechanism that predates IAM. Formore information about ACLs, see Access control list (ACL) overview.
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