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This study introduces a plasmonic reduction catalyst, stable only in the presence of air, achieved by integrating Pt-doped Ru nanoparticles on black gold. This innovative black gold/RuPt catalyst showcases good efficiency in acetylene semi-hydrogenation, attaining over 90% selectivity with an ethene production rate of 320 mmol g-1 h-1. Its stability, evident in 100 h of operation with continuous air flow, is attributed to the synergy of co-existing metal oxide and metal phases. The catalyst's stability is further enhanced by plasmon-mediated concurrent reduction and oxidation of the active sites. Finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal a five-fold electric field intensification near the RuPt nanoparticles, crucial for activating acetylene and hydrogen. Kinetic isotope effect analysis indicates the contribution from the plasmonic non-thermal effects along with the photothermal. Spectroscopic and in-situ Fourier transform infrared studies, combined with quantum chemical calculations, elucidate the molecular reaction mechanism, emphasizing the cooperative interaction between Ru and Pt in optimizing ethene production and selectivity.
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Most types of gearings are designed to operate under hydrodynamic lubrication conditions. That is a full fluid oil film must separate the metal surfaces of the gears and bearings during operation. However, during periods of cold start up, extremely high operating temperatures or high shock loading conditions this full fluid film can be destroyed. Unless a boundary lubricant is present in the gear lubricant when this full fluid film is destroyed, excessive wear can take place.
Supreme Gear Lube No Tack contains a proven friction reducer and boundary called Micron Moly. Micron Moly is a liquid soluble type moly that plates itself to the metal surfaces of the gears and bearings. Once plated, Micron Moly forms an indestructible long lasting solid lubricant film that is capable of withstanding pressures up to 500,000 psi. This solid lubricant film once plated to the gears and bearings will reduce friction, vibration and wear, thus extending equipment life.
The Micron Moly also provides a smooth finished surface on all moving parts of the gears. This minimizes the action of cold welding and vibration, which can occur during start up after gears have been standing idle and during periods of high shock loading. This in turn lessens starting loads and peak power demand, thus resulting in a realistic power cost savings.
The INEPT team has spent the past five years developing, testing and validating a new tool for assessing the nutrition level of patients presenting to primary care clinics. INEPT researchers envision that family physicians will administer this ten-minute tool to all their patients during their annual checkup visit. Furthermore, they propose that personalized recommendations should be made to patients who are assessed as having a poor level of nutrition and referrals made to nutritionists as appropriate. The scientific properties of this tool are excellent: very good sensitivity and specificity, as well as validation in a range of clinics across the country. The INEPT team results have been published in high-impact peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences, with very warm receptions from the scientific community. They predict, conservatively, that poor nutrition rates could drop by 50% if the tool was systematically used. Now, at the end of their CIHR grant, the INEPT researchers are wondering why their finding is not being widely applied. They are further frustrated at a lack of will on behalf of health planners, public policy makers, family physicians and even patients to implement this tool. Health planners say it will be too expensive and that they would rather focus their limited resources on encouraging good nutrition habits in the general populations, by public awareness campaigns. Family physicians say it is too long and they just don't have time to squeeze it into their already jam-packed appointments. Patients say that being identified as having poor nutrition would leave them not knowing what to do, unless they are willing and able to pay a nutritionist or spend hours pursuing nutrition websites.
The above is a hypothetical example of a well-conceived, rigorous study with solid outcomes whose investigators find themselves at a loss for why they cannot move its findings into practice. Is there a way that they could have approached their study from the beginning that could have anticipated some of these barriers? Is there a way that they could have identified and approached potential users of the knowledge to be gained through the study (i.e., "knowledge users") before they even began? These are some of the framing questions that move knowledge translation, from its traditional place at the end of research ('end of grant' knowledge translation), to its integration throughout all stages of the research process ("integrated knowledge translation"; IKT). This learning module will lead those engaged in research researchers and knowledge users alike through many of the key issues that should be considered when taking an integrated approach to creating knowledge and translating it to action. Knowledge users, or those making use of the research results, can include other researchers, defined communities, health professionals, health organisations and institutions, policy makers, industry, the media and the general public.
This learning module has been created primarily with a researcher audience in mind, but care has been taken throughout to ensure that the language and content is meaningful and accessible to non-academics looking for guidance. The sections are written in every-day language and have been kept as jargon-free as possible, and the text has been broken up with many examples and case studies, illustrating points discussed in each section. We hope that all knowledge users who choose to partner with researchers, including communities and community members, clinicians and professional associations, government agencies and policy makers, service planners and providers, and the general public, will find the material valuable.
Also, we rely heavily on the participatory research literature for references, theoretical guidance, and case studies. This is both a reflection of the nascent stage of the IKT-specific literature and of the authors' expertise. The two, nevertheless, share many commonalities in process and goals (see section 1), so this approach seems appropriate.
This module material was developed by Participatory Research at McGill (PRAM), a McGill University-based centre that opened in fall 2006 and is dedicated to furthering the scholarship, understanding and use of a partnered approach to health research (Participatory Research at McGill (PRAM)). PRAM is dedicated to the idea that, by integrating knowledge users into and throughout the research process, better health outcomes can ultimately be achieved. The tutorials were created by drawing on years of combined experience in partnered research, joined with a critical mining of the current literature to create a practical how-to guide for on-the-ground research partnerships to follow.
Ian Graham, Vice President, Knowledge Translation Portfolio
Jacqueline Tetroe, Senior Advisor, Knowledge Translation Portfolio
Michelle Gagnon, Director, Knowledge Synthesis and Exchange Branch
We are grateful to Kelly Banister, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, for graciously allowing us to include her compilation of ethical guidelines and codes for research involving Indigenous and Aboriginal Peoples.
The objectives of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) goals are to both develop new research knowledge and ensure that new knowledge is translated into practical results. CIHR was created on June 7, 2000 under Bill C 31 with the mandate, "To excel, according to internationally accepted standards of scientific excellence, in the creation of new knowledge and its translation into improved health for Canadians, more effective health services and products and a strengthened Canadian health care system." At CIHR, knowledge translation (KT) is about: 1) making knowledge usersFootnote 1 aware of new knowledge and actively facilitating the use of knowledge to improve health, health services and health care systems through evidencebased, but also practice-based, results; 2) closing the gap between what we know and what we do (reducing the know-do gap); and 3) moving research knowledge into concrete action.
CIHR defines KT as "a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the health care system" Canadian Institutes of Health Research - About Knowledge Translation. This statement recognizes that KT is complex, requiring an interactive and dialectic process between researchers and knowledge users.
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