Alzheimer's transmitted from person to person

[Leroy N. Soetoro]

https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/alzheimer-s-transmitted-from-
person-to-person/ar-BB1hrcnh

Alzheimer’s can be transmitted from person to person, discovered after
patients who received human hormones decades ago went on to develop the
disease.

Five cases of Alzheimer’s are believed to have been caused by medical
treatment given as children.

The new study provides the first examples of Alzheimer’s disease in living
people to have been ‘caught’ during a medical procedure.

In these cases, it appears to have been due to doctors administering
children with a human growth hormone taken from dead donors.

According to the University College London (UCL) and University College
London Hospitals (UCLH) researchers, the findings may have important
implications for understanding and treating Alzheimer’s disease.

And although the procedure that led to this transmission was stopped in
the 1980s, experts recommend medical procedures should be reviewed to
ensure rare cases of Alzheimer’s transmission do not happen in the future.

Alzheimer’s, the most common form of Alzheimer’s, is caused by the build-
up of the proteins in the brain, and usually occurs later in adult life
with no specific family link. More rarely, it can be an inherited
condition that occurs due to a faulty gene.

The people described in the study had all been treated as children with a
type of human growth hormone taken from dead donors (cadaver-derived human
growth hormone or c-hGH).

There is no suggestion the protein, amyloid-beta, can be passed on in day-
to-day life or during routine medical or social care.

Between 1959 and 1985, c-hGH was used to treat at least 1,848 people in
the UK and used for various causes of ‘short stature’ – when a child or a
teen is well below the average height of their peers.

What is Alzheimer's and what are the symptoms?
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the UK.

Dementia is the name for a group of symptoms associated with an ongoing
decline of brain functioning. It can affect memory, thinking skills and
other mental abilities.

For example, someone with early Alzheimer’s disease may:

forget about recent conversations or events
misplace items
forget the names of places and objects
have trouble thinking of the right word
ask questions repetitively
show poor judgement or find it harder to make decisions
become less flexible and more hesitant to try new things
Later stage symptoms include increasing confusion and disorientation,
obsessive or repetitive behaviour, or disturbed sleep.

Source: NHS

But the treatment was withdrawn in 1985 after it was found that some c-hGH
batches were contaminated with infectious proteins which had caused
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) – a rare and fatal condition that affects
the brain – in some people.

After that, c-hGH was replaced with a synthetic growth hormone that did
not carry the risk of transmitting CJD.

A variant of CJD was responsible for the ‘mad cow disease’ outbreak in the
1990s.

Lead author of the research, Professor John Collinge from UCL, said:
‘There is no suggestion whatsoever that Alzheimer’s disease can be
transmitted between individuals during activities of daily life or routine
medical care.

‘The patients we have described were given a specific and long-
discontinued medical treatment which involved injecting patients with
material now known to have been contaminated with disease-related
proteins.

‘However, the recognition of transmission of [proteins] in these rare
situations should lead us to review measures to prevent accidental
transmission via other medical or surgical procedures.

‘Importantly, our findings also suggest that Alzheimer’s and some other
neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD, and this
may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimer’s
disease.’

The latest study reported on eight people referred to the National
Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, who had all been
treated with c-hGH in childhood, often over several years.

Five of them had symptoms of dementia, and either had already been
diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or would otherwise meet the diagnostic
criteria for this condition.

Another person met criteria for mild cognitive impairment.

The people were between 38 and 55 years old when they started having
neurological symptoms.

Further tests supported the diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease in two
patients, and was suggestive of Alzheimer’s in one other person. Post-
mortem analysis showed signs of Alzheimer’s in another patient.

Researchers say the unusually young age at which these patients developed
symptoms suggests they did not have the usual Alzheimer’s, which is
associated with old age.

In the five patients from whom samples were available for genetic testing,
the team ruled out inherited Alzheimer’s disease.

Co-author Professor Jonathan Schott, from UCL, added: ‘It is important to
stress that the circumstances through which we believe these individuals
tragically developed Alzheimer’s are highly unusual, and to reinforce that
there is no risk the disease can be spread between individuals or in
routine medical care.’

The findings are published in Nature Medicine.



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