Carl Gustav Jung obit - (Called or not called, God is present.)
(David P.)
June 7, 1961 - OBITUARY
Dr. Carl G. Jung Is Dead at 85;
Pioneer in Analytic Psychology - By The Associated Press
ZURICH, Switzerland, June 6--Professor Carl Gustav Jung,
one of the founders of analytic psychology, died today
at his villa in Kuessnacht on Lake Lucerne. He was 85
years old. The famed psychologist was beset by heart
and circulatory troubles and began to fail several
weeks ago.
Adventurer in the Mind
Dr. Jung was one of the great modern adventurers who
sought to push back the dark frontiers of man's mind.
Before the coming of his great forerunner, Dr. Sigmund
Freud, the world was little used to rummaging through
man's subconscious to find the key to his peace and
security. Before Freud and Jung, the Western world was
inclined to think of man's conduct in terms of original
sin. Dr. Jung was one of those who gave a tremendous
impetus to twentieth-century thinking by declaring
flatly that this explanation was not good enough.
In an attempt to bring some definition to the
subconscious mind, Dr. Jung created special terms.
These terms were soon to spread beyond the mental
clinic to become part of the language of the educated.
The Jungian terms such as extrovert & introvert became
stock dinner-conversations cliches. After an early and
thorough apprenticeship, Dr. Jung broke with the psych-
ological school established by Freud. This was a harsh
school. Freud held that nearly all human mental troubles
were the result of sexual conflicts in infancy. The most
powerful of these conflicts was the infantile urge to
parricide and incest--the Oedipus and Electra complexes.
While admitting this urge, Dr. Jung said that man's
natural instinct toward religion was perhaps as strong
as his sexual instinct, & that man ignored the religious
instinct at his peril. Dr. Freud traced religion to the
child's helplessness before the outer world and the
child's need to cling to its parents in order to survive.
Opposed Freudian 'Jungle'
The Freudian world was a gloomy jungle in which wandering
man was forever stumbling over repressed emotional exper-
iences. Freud and those who formed the hard core of his
school believed that there was no cure for man's dilemma
except to locate & remove these stumbling-block emotional
experiences. Dr. Jung held, on the contrary, that man
was not necessarily doomed forever to be shoved about by
traumas over which he could exercise little control. The
Jungians derided the Freudian theory that God was nothing
more than man's self-created vision of his father, and
that good deeds & a desire to advance in the world were
only devices to forget more primitive urges & disorders.
Freud's world was found by many to be grim and almost
hopeless. Dr. Jung's world was not exactly cozy either,
but he believed that man's unconquerable spirit could
make it better. Man could do this, Jung taught, because,
in addition to the experiences of each individual, as
registered in his subconscious mind, each person had a
second group of experiences. This group was the collec-
tive experience of the race recorded in his subconscious
mind. This collective experience included man's never-
ceasing urge toward religion, Dr. Jung said.
Freud, Dr. Jung and Dr. Alfred Adler were the three
great figures in the age of psychology. They influenced
Western man's thinking as it had not been influenced
since the publication of the "Origin of Species" in 1859.
Adler, who likewise broke with the harsher theories of
Freud, died in 1937, and Freud died two years later.
Son of a Minister
Dr. Jung was born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switz.
He was a son of Paul Jung, an Evangelical minister, and
Emille Freiswerk Jung. The family moved to Basel, where
the son obtained a medical degree at the university in
1900. He began his psychiatric studies at the Univ. of
Zurich. For a doctoral thesis in philosophy he selected
the case of a girl affected by somnambulism & professing
to be a spiritualist medium. After additional studies
in Paris, Dr. Jung became a lecturer in psychiatry at
the University of Zurich and with Dr. Eugen Bleuler,
founded the "Zurich School" of depth psychology. In time,
this school came to be thought of as opposing the "Vienna
School" established by Freud. Actually, Drs. Jung and
Freud were in agreement as to many of the basic tenets
of modern psychology.
The methods used by Dr. Jung in obtaining the cooperation
of the nonconscious factors in the mind were similar to
those used by Freud, who acknowledged the value of the
large number of controls that Dr. Jung had obtained.
In 1909 some of the best work in the United States in
this field was being done at Clark Univ. in Worcester, MA,
under its president, Dr. G. Stanley Hall, & in 1909 Dr.
Jung, Freud and a number of other world authorities on
psychiatry went to Clark for a series of lectures and
conferences. Here Dr. Jung gave his first extensive
exposition of his "association method," a hitherto
untried method of probing the subconscious mind.
Psychoanalytic Society
In 1911 Dr. Jung and a number of other authorities in
his field founded the Int'l Psychoanalytic Society.
Dr. Jung frequently used this society to further his
views on new elements that he believed he had found in
dreams and fantasies. Those who did not agree with all
of Dr. Jung's theories about the human mind criticized
him for showing too much interest in such unscientific
matters as occultism and witchcraft. The Freudians held
that he was betraying pure scientific research by
digressions into Buddhism and Christianity. At this
period, Dr. Jung also explored yoga, alchemy, folklore
and obscure tribal religious rites and taboos. All this
was held by his opponents to be a waste of time and a
betrayal of scientific principles. Dr. Jung said that,
on the contrary, since mankind had devoted so much
thought to such matters, they formed part of man's
consciousness of the race. They were in man's mind,
and if you wanted to know about man's mind, you had to
know about them.
During Hitler's ascendency in Germany, Dr. Jung's
theories about the consciousness of the race were
borrowed by the Nazis. Dr. Jung hastened to say that
the Nazi interpretation of his theories was, in the
main, wrong. In all events, Dr. Jung said, his state-
ments in this matter had been distorted out of their
true meaning by the followers of Hitler. In 1935 Jung
became a full professor in the University of Zurich,
after having conducted seminars at the Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology for several years. In 1937,
he became the Terry lecturer at Yale and spoke on the
relationship between psychology and religion. In these
lectures he expanded his theory that what he described
as "a natural religious function" exists in man. If he
ignores this urge, man will lose his psychic health,
Dr. Jung said.
In 1945 Dr. Jung gave up his professorship at the
University of Basel to concentrate on his research
and his writing. Until 1948, there was no definite
place where the theories of Dr. Jung were taught in
a body. In that year, the C. G. Jung Institute was
established in Zurich to provide scholars with a place
to do advance research in analytical psychology.
Although Freud and Dr. Jung differed on many of the
fundamentals of applied psychology, they remained more
or less friendly. They would meet from time to time to
discuss their views, and on one occasion they talked
for twelve hours without a stop. Each would tell the
other his dreams and they would give their interpre-
tations of their findings.
Differed in Methods
The two great explorers of the mind differed in their
methods of obtaining their material. Dr. Freud estab-
lished the now generally accepted method of placing his
subject on a couch and withdrawing himself to create
the impression on the subject that he was not intruding.
"I couldn't stand having myself stared at for eight
hours daily," Dr. Freud said. Dr. Jung usually placed
his subject in a chair opposite him and made him feel
that he, Jung, was an active part in the examination
and that he would share his subject's experiences with
him. In 1944 Dr. Jung assumed the Chair of Medical
Psychology founded for him at the University of Basel.
He remained there for less than a year, however, and
retired to devote his time to research.
Dr. Jung made a long study of the reports of so-called
"flying saucers." In Zurich in August, 1958, he said
he believed they represented a new "savior myth."
"I have spoken to many people who have 'seen' flying
saucers," he said. "These reports may be true or they
may be lies. I am a scientist, I do not tell lies. So
I cannot say that flying saucers are a reality."
The August interview on the question of unidentified
flying objects resulted from a report, given wide
currency, that came from Alamogordo, N.M., about two
weeks earlier. In it Jung was quoted by the bulletin
of the Aerial Phenomena Research Org. as having said:
"I can only say for certain that the things are not a
mere rumor, something has been seen. A purely psycho-
logical explanation is ruled out." However the Alamo-
gordo report was later called "a distortion of a 1954
interview" with Dr. Jung.
Charming Smile
Dr. Jung was a tall, large-boned man who, in his later
years, had a rather scraggly white mustache & thinning
white hair. He had a ruddy complexion and a crinkly &
charming smile. Somebody remarked that if you were
looking for someone to play the role of a wise old man,
Jung would fill the bill, complete with his favorite
old pipe in mouth, and mellow, deep-throated chuckles.
At 85 Dr. Jung seemed to have no trouble in living life
to the full. His home at Kuessnacht was a handsome villa
with yellow walls & a red roof. He maintained a private
retreat farther up Lake Lucerne near Bollingen. This
retreat was an old stone tower, which provided him with
a place to rest, meditate and write.
In 1903 Dr. Jung married Emma Rauschenbush of Schaff-
hausen, Switzerland, heiress to a Swiss watch fortune.
When Mme. Jung became seriously ill she asked a family
friend, Miss Ruth Bailey, an Englishwoman, to take care
of her husband in the event of her death. Mme. Jung died
in 1955 and Dr. Jung's material needs had been looked
after by Miss Bailey since then. Persons passing Dr.
Jung's villa on lake boats frequently saw him sitting
on the lawn, perhaps watching his great-grandchildren
at play. Dr. Jung is survived by a son & four daughters.
He had 19 grandchildren & 9 great-grandchildren as of
last year.
Over the door of his Kuessnacht home is carved the Latin
inscription: Vocatus atqua non vocatus deus aderit.
(Called or not called, God is present.)
.
.
--
raven1
<imb...@mindspring.com> wrote:
>http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0726.html
>
>June 7, 1961 - OBITUARY
>
>Dr. Carl G. Jung Is Dead at 85;
I didn't even know he was sick!