This question is carried over from a different thread. It concerns the claim
that there is a biological basis for the definition of a well-defined group
called "Jews". There appear to issues involving both sides of the purported
correlation: the biological side and the ethnographic side. Let's begin with
the biological side.
This correlation is claimed to involve the Haplogroup E1B1B or rather a
subclade thereof, E1B1B1. There is one amusing point that I can't resist
mentioning. We are talking about Y-DNA which is, obviously, passed along on
the father's side. "Jewishness" at least in the religious sense is
matrilineal. Is this a "whoops" moment? So all cases of mixed marriages
involving a mother practicing a different religion carry the risk of
generating false positives. In the reverse case (switching mother & father's
religious affiliation carry the risk of false negatives.
I now direct your attention to this article by Razib Khan in Discover
Magazine. Here the possibility that this could be a hoax or an urban legend
is mooted.
"Hitler’s “Jewish genes”
"A reader asked about the bizarre story of Adolf Hitler having “non-Aryan”
ancestry. Specifically, The Daily Mail title is: “DNA tests reveal ‘Hitler
was descended from the Jews and Africans he hated.’” Since it’s a British
newspaper I frankly wouldn’t put it past them to simply pass along a hoax…
but I think if they were going to do that they would have said it was the
Cohen Modal Haplotype. The article claims that Hitler’s Y lineage was
haplogroup E1b1b (all biological descendants of the same common male
ancestor through the direct patriline will carry this set of Y chromosomal
markers). This is really vague, as the haplogroup has many subclades.
Obviously if you pull the lens far back enough you’ll find a phylogeny where
Hitler and Jews and/or Africans are within the same clade. Dienekes notes
that this is not a rare haplogroup. It is correct that if one is an
Ashkenazi Jew the odds of one carrying this haplogroup are much higher. But,
it is not necessarily entailed from this that one is likely to be an
Ashkenazi Jew if one carries this haplogroup (or is of Ashkenazi Jewish
descent).
This is clear from the map of the distribution of E1b1b’s two major
subclades:
You can see the maps here
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/08/hitlers-jewish-genes/
"Even within Europe most men who carry this set of markers are not Ashkenazi
Jews.
"Of course this does not mean that Hitler wasn’t an Ashkenazi Jew. But
there’s probably an easier way to find out if he had such ancestry: sequence
his relative’s autosomal DNA. Ashkenazi Jews are genetically distinctive.
The most common thesis I’ve heard is that Alois Hitler’s biological father
was Jewish, which would make Hitler 1/4 Jewish, and his surviving great-
nephew, Alexander, 1/16 Jewish. That’s probably enough to get a sense of
whether this urban legend has any validity."
There is considerable discussion at the end of this article. Bruce Wilson
makes this point:
August 26th, 2010 at 9:03 am
"Razib, this may be the first responsible and well-informed coverage (and
debunking) of this mess I’ve seen in mainstream media. I consider this a
hoax (and have said so). Further, from what I could tell the incidence of
E1B1B1 in Austria currently is 9% – not rare at all."
Then there's this exchange between Bruce and Razib.
"Hey Razib, any thoughts on this ? –
"I went back to the original Knack article, and it appears to make the claim
(running through Google translation) that E1B1B is the second most common
Haplogroup among Ashkenazi Jews but that’s not the case. E1B1B’s subclade
E1B1B1 is considered the second most common Haplogroup among Ashkenazi Jews.
...
"I don’t have a biology background and am trying to puzzle this out – is the
article’s apparent conflation of E1B1B and E1B1B1 valid in this case?"
Razib's answer,
"bruce, paul, the focus on E1B1B as opposed to the subclade seems suspicious
to me. like i said, work your way up the phylogenetic tree and
fine[find/att] the clade where hitler and many jews are together, and bingo.
i suspect that’s what’s going on."
I was particularly interested in the contribution by Denis Vluegt:
"This quote from geneticist Jean-Paul Moisan, however, is worth the
effort[of translating it/att]:
'Enough already with this silliness. There are no French genes, no
German, Austrian or Berber genes. For sure, certain populations may have
genetic traits in common, but we cannot use this information to leap to
conclusions. The hard part is in making it clear that DNA allows us to
identify a suspect in a criminal investigation or confirm someone’s
paternity, but we cannot use it to say that any one person belongs to this
or that population or ethnic group. So blue eyes are found more frequently
in Northern Europe? Indeed, but they are found in North Africa, too… We need
to keep hammering home the point that most of humanity’s genetic diversity
is found within populations and not in the differences between them.'"
I too am not a biologist so I could be way off base but I find it
disappointing that there are no comparisons of E1B1B1 frequencies between
Ashkenazic populations in, say Vilna, Warsaw, Minsk with the general
population of those three cities. Does anyone understand why this doesn't
appear to have been done?
I'll stop here and wait for comments (if any). I'll move on to the
ethnolographic problems once the discussion on these points is done.