DAYTON, Tenn. - Tennessee's small-town citadel of certainty is a
spacious, classic American courtroom, little changed through
three-quarters of a century of fame and infamy, with tall windows
opening on autumnal trees, stately desks for a magistrate and his
minions, and rows of hard-backed wooden chairs for the inflexible
gentry of the hills.
In the annals of scientific and social history, this room at the top
of the stairs in the red-brick Rhea County Courthouse is one of the
most important of theatres, set on the main street of one of the most
ordinary of villages. It is the Star Chamber of Darwinian Evolution,
where the battle lines between two irreconcilable cosmogonies were
laid down for the public record, never to be erased.
It was here in the sweltering summer of 1925 - in the uproarious,
hilarious, delirious ``Monkey Trial'' - that the lions were thrown to
the Christians.
Charles Darwin's Earth-shaking proposition that all species of plants
and animals descended from a few primordial forms through a series of
random, favourable accidents already was decades old when a Dayton
high school teacher named John Thomas Scopes was convicted in this
chamber for professing that the Englishman's discovery was applicable
to the human race.
The Scopes Trial was a test case, a publicity stunt, a media carnival
complete with live radio broadcasts from the courtroom and circus
chimpanzees on Market Street, and a deadly serious rhetorical
Armageddon contested by some of the most prominent legal, political,
ecclesiastical and scientific celebrities of the 20th century.
Seen through the prism of history, the entire noisy affair can be
condensed to one fiery exchange between one of Scopes's big-league
defence lawyers and a future United States senator from the State of
Tennessee:
Dudley Field Malone: ``Do you not admit, after all, that the defence
had a tolerable case; that it ought to be given a chance to present
its evidence?''
A.T. Stewart: ``That which strikes at the very foundations of
Christianity is not entitled to a chance.''
Eighty-four years later, I am sitting in the very same courtroom with
two eager young opponents of biological fact named Evan Johnson and
Hannah Lee. They are students at Bryan College here in Dayton, the
college being named for William Jennings Bryan, the ``Great Commoner''
- and three-time losing Democratic candidate for president - who
assailed poor Scopes on these benches as an enemy of God, Christendom,
and the laws of Tennessee, and then expired during an afternoon nap
less than one week later.
``Man is not a mammal!'' Bryan announced at the trial, leading H.L.
Mencken of The Baltimore Sun to report that ``Once he had one leg in
the White House and the nation trembled under his roars. Now he is a
tin-pot pope in the Coca- Cola belt and a brother to the forlorn
pastors who belabour halfwits in galvanized iron tabernacles behind
the railroad yards.'' (One can only imagine what Mencken would write
about Sarah Palin.)
I'm under no illusions: precisely 150 years after the publication of
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, and 84 years
after the Scopes Trial, travelling to rural Tennessee to tickle the
creationists is still like flogging a dead Eohippus. But I'm only here
to listen.
``The purpose when I talk about evolution is not to say `Ha ha - I'm
right, and you're stupid,''' Lee comments. ``The scientific method is
flawed. It's not perfected. If you really come down to it, nothing can
be proved beyond a shadow of a doubt. I can't prove that God made you,
and you can't prove that I came from a monkey.''
``History is not millions and millions of years old, because there's
no room in the Bible for that,'' says Johnson. ``The world was created
in six literal days. Evolution is not a very nice process. The concept
of `survival of the fittest' - it affects how you look at our role in
life.''
A person's most important role, Lee affirms, is ``being a little
Christ. And if you are someone who believes 100 per cent that Christ
is the Son of God, then there has to be a Father God who created
something. Ultimately it comes back to your faith. My faith does not
include fish growing wings and becoming a bird and being able to
fly.''
Across town, on the Bryan College campus, I meet the prelate of
laboratory anti-Darwinism. Todd Charles Wood is a ``young-Earth
creationist,'' strict Biblical literalist and holder of a doctorate in
biochemistry from Thomas Jefferson's own University of Virginia. He
acknowledges that there are difficulties involved in proving that
Darwin and his disciples - the list would include virtually every
reputable scientist since 1859 - are incorrect.
Wood, 37, is an energetic defender of the theory that the Earth was
created in six 24-hour days a mere 6,000 years ago, and he is
steadfast in his belief that only eight humans and approximately 125
pairs of mammals rode out the Great Flood on Noah's Ark. (Everything
else - dinosaurs, woolly mammoths, the rest of humanity - was washed
away.) He is the director of Bryan College's Center For Origins
Research, whose aim, according to a CORE brochure, is ``to develop new
ways of looking at biology that honours the Creator.''
``The creation-evolution debate is a propaganda war in which nobody
cares what the truth is,'' Wood says during a lively and thoroughly
entertaining conversation. ``I am a scientist. I get up every morning
seeking the truth. It's just that I'm not motivated by the same things
that motivate evolutionary biologists.
``I want to know why there are so many different species of
salamanders. I want to know why flightless birds live only in the
Southern Hemisphere. I want to know why there are so many marsupials
in Australia, and so few everywhere else. They think I'm out to
discredit evolution, but I'm not. I'm out to scientifically prove a
set of information that I know by faith.''
Wood concedes that ``theories are needed'' in the pursuit of a
rigorous creationist biology. He cites a number of perplexities that
such a theory would have to explain: feathered dinosaurs; fossil
whales with both teeth and baleen; the fact that human beings share 99
per cent of their genome with the chimpanzee.
``That may be the big one,'' says Wood.
``The theory is already written,'' I suggest, holding up a copy of The
Origin of Species.
``Why would God create anthrax?'' the scholar wonders out loud.
``Why would God create Darwin?'' I reply.
``I don't have a theory from which to work,'' Wood admits. ``Once
Darwin hit on natural selection, he had a theory with which to work.
Evolution is well- supported. It is not bogus. It is not a failure. It
is not in crisis. I just happen to think it's wrong.''
In Dayton he is far from alone.
``These Tennessee mountaineers are not more stupid than the city
proletariat; they are only less informed,'' the ferocious Mencken
wrote in 1925, but that was an un-Christian thing to say. What if the
creationists are correct?
``I had an e-mail from a prominent historian of science,'' Wood says.
``He asked, `How could it be that you reject what is the most
established fact in biology?'
``I am totally and completely convinced that what I believe is true,
but that doesn't mean I understand it. I think they do see me as
crazy. They think I'm a little off . . . and maybe I am.''
--
Bob.
I wasn't sure about the actors' accents, though I think most of them
were real Gringos: perhaps a US listener can comment.
--
Mike.
A couple of the "Tennessee" accents sounded a little forced to me, but
Scopes and Darrow sounded right, if accent-less. In fact, the voice
of Darrow sounds a little like the guy who played the 'Q' character on
STTNG.
Follow up: Aha! My ears still have it. I listened to the whole
broadcast, and they named several of the actors at the end. Darrow
was played by 'Q' - John de Lancie.
There were some other well-known American actors voices: Ed Asner,
Stacey Keach, Jerry Hardin, Neil Patrick Harris.
> Wood, 37, is an energetic defender of the theory that the Earth was
> created in six 24-hour days a mere 6,000 years ago, and he is
> steadfast in his belief that only eight humans and approximately 125
> pairs of mammals rode out the Great Flood on Noah's Ark....
> Wood concedes that ``theories are needed'' in the pursuit of a
> rigorous creationist biology. He cites a number of perplexities that
> such a theory would have to explain: feathered dinosaurs; fossil
> whales with both teeth and baleen; the fact that human beings share 99
> per cent of their genome with the chimpanzee.
>
> ``That may be the big one,'' says Wood.
If he thinks the Universe is only 6,000 years old, the fossil record and
even the entire ToE are minor compared to what we've learned through our
telescopes about the Universe.
If I were debating this fellow,
I wouldn't even bother discussing biology.
I would discuss how geology and astronomy tell us we live in an ancient
Universe. Let's see them try to convince an audience brought up on Star
Trek and Star Wars that the entire Universe popped into existence just
6,000 years ago for our benefit.
--
Steven L.
Email: sdli...@earthlinkNOSPAM.net
Remove the NOSPAM before replying to me.
Thanks for that: I only knew three of the names.
--
Mike.
Just listened. Very good. Thanks for the heads up.
--
Bob.
****************** So much for teaching the controversy.
****************** Note that the "god" spoken of here, is NOT the "god of
christianity
****************** ...... it is christianity, itself, that they have turned
into a god.
******** Things do not have to be proven "beyond a shadow of a doubt" to be
accepted as true.
******** The fact is, there are tons upon tons of facts and evidence that
support the science of evolution
********- and there is not even one ounce of ANY evidence supporting ANY
"god".
``History is not millions and millions of years old, because there's
no room in the Bible for that,'' says Johnson. ``The world was created
in six literal days. Evolution is not a very nice process. The concept
of `survival of the fittest' - it affects how you look at our role in
life.''
****** The bible means nothing!
****** It is just one of many hundreds/thousands of religons invented by
man.
****** You cannot support any of the spiritual claims made by ANY opf those
thousands of religions
******- so you certainly cannot offer this ONE belief as absolute fact.
A person's most important role, Lee affirms, is ``being a little
Christ. And if you are someone who believes 100 per cent that Christ
is the Son of God, then there has to be a Father God who created
something. Ultimately it comes back to your faith. My faith does not
include fish growing wings and becoming a bird and being able to
fly.''
********No one really gives a damn what you believe; here we are talking
about science, facts and evidence.
******** You have none!
Across town, on the Bryan College campus, I meet the prelate of
laboratory anti-Darwinism. Todd Charles Wood is a ``young-Earth
creationist,'' strict Biblical literalist and holder of a doctorate in
biochemistry from Thomas Jefferson's own University of Virginia. He
acknowledges that there are difficulties involved in proving that
Darwin and his disciples - the list would include virtually every
reputable scientist since 1859 - are incorrect.
******** Obviously even this "educated" scientist can't even come up with
ONE valid piece of evidence that supports creationism.
******** He may be educated - but he certainly isn't s scientist!
Wood, 37, is an energetic defender of the theory that the Earth was
created in six 24-hour days a mere 6,000 years ago, and he is
steadfast in his belief that only eight humans and approximately 125
pairs of mammals rode out the Great Flood on Noah's Ark.
******* All that shit does NOT constitute a theory any more than
Tinkerbell's fairy dust is a theory.
(Everything
else - dinosaurs, woolly mammoths, the rest of humanity - was washed
away.)
******* and, exactly where, in this precious bible does it say anything of
the sort?
He is the director of Bryan College's Center For Origins
Research, whose aim, according to a CORE brochure, is ``to develop new
ways of looking at biology that honours the Creator.''
******* You can't even do that when you need to INVENT non-biblical fairy
tales
*******to try to explain why the bible does NOT conform to reality!
``The creation-evolution debate is a propaganda war in which nobody
cares what the truth is,'' Wood says during a lively and thoroughly
entertaining conversation. ``I am a scientist. I get up every morning
seeking the truth. It's just that I'm not motivated by the same things
that motivate evolutionary biologists.
****** That he "seeks the truth" is his own delusion - one shared by all to
many extremist fanatics from Ayatolla Kohmeni to Pat Robertson.
****** You cannot "seek the truth" in fairy tales!
``I want to know why there are so many different species of
salamanders. I want to know why flightless birds live only in the
Southern Hemisphere. I want to know why there are so many marsupials
in Australia, and so few everywhere else.
****** Then become a VALID scientists, investigate the facts, and find out!
****** You'll never get anywhere with your head buried in your book of
illusions and delusions.
They think I'm out to
discredit evolution, but I'm not. I'm out to scientifically prove a
set of information that I know by faith.''
****** You cannot "know" ANYTHING by faith. That, in itself, is a
contradiction of meanings!
Wood concedes that ``theories are needed'' in the pursuit of a
rigorous creationist biology.
***** Valid theories are based on facts and evidence.
***** You have none; you only have ancienti fables, fairy tales and
fabrications.
He cites a number of perplexities that
such a theory would have to explain: feathered dinosaurs; fossil
whales with both teeth and baleen; the fact that human beings share 99
per cent of their genome with the chimpanzee.
***** "Perplexities"? In the real world they are known as facts.
***** The ancient age of the world is not a "perplexity"; it is, obviously,
a fact that you cannot handle.
``That may be the big one,'' says Wood.
``The theory is already written,'' I suggest, holding up a copy of The
Origin of Species.
``Why would God create anthrax?'' the scholar wonders out loud.
****** You cannot assume ANY answer for that unless you provide evidence
that this, particular, god even exists.
****** No one has, for thousands of years of trying.
****** A more rational question would be "Why would man (need to)
create/invent a god"?
``Why would God create Darwin?'' I reply.
``I don't have a theory from which to work,'' Wood admits. ``Once
Darwin hit on natural selection, he had a theory with which to work.
Evolution is well- supported. It is not bogus. It is not a failure. It
is not in crisis. I just happen to think it's wrong.''
****** Oh ... so "your thinking" stands on an equal status as the
outrageously well supported science of evolution?
****** Not likely.
In Dayton he is far from alone.
``These Tennessee mountaineers are not more stupid than the city
proletariat; they are only less informed,'' the ferocious Mencken
wrote in 1925, but that was an un-Christian thing to say. What if the
creationists are correct?
``I had an e-mail from a prominent historian of science,'' Wood says.
``He asked, `How could it be that you reject what is the most
established fact in biology?'
``I am totally and completely convinced that what I believe is true,
but that doesn't mean I understand it. I think they do see me as
crazy. They think I'm a little off . . . and maybe I am.''
****** No, just that you can't tell the difference between belief and
reality.
--
Bob.
****************** So much for teaching the controversy.
****************** Note that the "god" spoken of here, is NOT the "god of
christianity
****************** ...... it is christianity, itself, that they have turned
into a god.
Eighty-four years later, I am sitting in the very same courtroom with
******** Things do not have to be proven "beyond a shadow of a doubt" to be
accepted as true.
******** The fact is, there are tons upon tons of facts and evidence that
support the science of evolution
********- and there is not even one ounce of ANY evidence supporting ANY
"god".
``History is not millions and millions of years old, because there's
no room in the Bible for that,'' says Johnson. ``The world was created
in six literal days. Evolution is not a very nice process. The concept
of `survival of the fittest' - it affects how you look at our role in
life.''
****** The bible means nothing!
****** It is just one of many hundreds/thousands of religons invented by
man.
****** You cannot support any of the spiritual claims made by ANY opf those
thousands of religions
******- so you certainly cannot offer this ONE belief as absolute fact.
A person's most important role, Lee affirms, is ``being a little
Christ. And if you are someone who believes 100 per cent that Christ
is the Son of God, then there has to be a Father God who created
something. Ultimately it comes back to your faith. My faith does not
include fish growing wings and becoming a bird and being able to
fly.''
********No one really gives a damn what you believe; here we are talking
about science, facts and evidence.
******** You have none!
Across town, on the Bryan College campus, I meet the prelate of
laboratory anti-Darwinism. Todd Charles Wood is a ``young-Earth
creationist,'' strict Biblical literalist and holder of a doctorate in
biochemistry from Thomas Jefferson's own University of Virginia. He
acknowledges that there are difficulties involved in proving that
Darwin and his disciples - the list would include virtually every
reputable scientist since 1859 - are incorrect.
******** Obviously even this "educated" scientist can't even come up with
ONE valid piece of evidence that supports creationism.
******** He may be educated - but he certainly isn't s scientist!
Wood, 37, is an energetic defender of the theory that the Earth was
created in six 24-hour days a mere 6,000 years ago, and he is
steadfast in his belief that only eight humans and approximately 125
pairs of mammals rode out the Great Flood on Noah's Ark.
******* All that shit does NOT constitute a theory any more than
Tinkerbell's fairy dust is a theory.
(Everything
else - dinosaurs, woolly mammoths, the rest of humanity - was washed
away.)
******* and, exactly where, in this precious bible does it say anything of
the sort?
He is the director of Bryan College's Center For Origins
Research, whose aim, according to a CORE brochure, is ``to develop new
ways of looking at biology that honours the Creator.''
******* You can't even do that when you need to INVENT non-biblical fairy
tales
*******to try to explain why the bible does NOT conform to reality!
``The creation-evolution debate is a propaganda war in which nobody
cares what the truth is,'' Wood says during a lively and thoroughly
entertaining conversation. ``I am a scientist. I get up every morning
seeking the truth. It's just that I'm not motivated by the same things
that motivate evolutionary biologists.
****** That he "seeks the truth" is his own delusion - one shared by all to
many extremist fanatics from Ayatolla Kohmeni to Pat Robertson.
****** You cannot "seek the truth" in fairy tales!
``I want to know why there are so many different species of
salamanders. I want to know why flightless birds live only in the
Southern Hemisphere. I want to know why there are so many marsupials
in Australia, and so few everywhere else.
****** Then become a VALID scientists, investigate the facts, and find out!
****** You'll never get anywhere with your head buried in your book of
illusions and delusions.
They think I'm out to
discredit evolution, but I'm not. I'm out to scientifically prove a
set of information that I know by faith.''
****** You cannot "know" ANYTHING by faith. That, in itself, is a
contradiction of meanings!
Wood concedes that ``theories are needed'' in the pursuit of a
rigorous creationist biology.
***** Valid theories are based on facts and evidence.
***** You have none; you only have ancienti fables, fairy tales and
fabrications.
He cites a number of perplexities that
such a theory would have to explain: feathered dinosaurs; fossil
whales with both teeth and baleen; the fact that human beings share 99
per cent of their genome with the chimpanzee.
***** "Perplexities"? In the real world they are known as facts.
***** The ancient age of the world is not a "perplexity"; it is, obviously,
a fact that you cannot handle.
``That may be the big one,'' says Wood.
``The theory is already written,'' I suggest, holding up a copy of The
Origin of Species.
``Why would God create anthrax?'' the scholar wonders out loud.
****** You cannot assume ANY answer for that unless you provide evidence
that this, particular, god even exists.
****** No one has, for thousands of years of trying.
****** A more rational question would be "Why would man (need to)
create/invent a god"?
``Why would God create Darwin?'' I reply.
``I don't have a theory from which to work,'' Wood admits. ``Once
Darwin hit on natural selection, he had a theory with which to work.
Evolution is well- supported. It is not bogus. It is not a failure. It
is not in crisis. I just happen to think it's wrong.''
****** Oh ... so "your thinking" stands on an equal status as the
outrageously well supported science of evolution?
****** Not likely.
In Dayton he is far from alone.
``These Tennessee mountaineers are not more stupid than the city
proletariat; they are only less informed,'' the ferocious Mencken
wrote in 1925, but that was an un-Christian thing to say. What if the
creationists are correct?
``I had an e-mail from a prominent historian of science,'' Wood says.
``He asked, `How could it be that you reject what is the most
established fact in biology?'
``I am totally and completely convinced that what I believe is true,
but that doesn't mean I understand it. I think they do see me as
crazy. They think I'm a little off . . . and maybe I am.''
****************** So much for teaching the controversy.
****************** Note that the "god" spoken of here, is NOT the "god of
christianity
****************** ...... it is christianity, itself, that they have turned
into a god.
Eighty-four years later, I am sitting in the very same courtroom with
******** Things do not have to be proven "beyond a shadow of a doubt" to be
accepted as true.
******** The fact is, there are tons upon tons of facts and evidence that
support the science of evolution
********- and there is not even one ounce of ANY evidence supporting ANY
"god".
``History is not millions and millions of years old, because there's
no room in the Bible for that,'' says Johnson. ``The world was created
in six literal days. Evolution is not a very nice process. The concept
of `survival of the fittest' - it affects how you look at our role in
life.''
****** The bible means nothing!
****** It is just one of many hundreds/thousands of religons invented by
man.
****** You cannot support any of the spiritual claims made by ANY opf those
thousands of religions
******- so you certainly cannot offer this ONE belief as absolute fact.
A person's most important role, Lee affirms, is ``being a little
Christ. And if you are someone who believes 100 per cent that Christ
is the Son of God, then there has to be a Father God who created
something. Ultimately it comes back to your faith. My faith does not
include fish growing wings and becoming a bird and being able to
fly.''
********No one really gives a damn what you believe; here we are talking
about science, facts and evidence.
******** You have none!
Across town, on the Bryan College campus, I meet the prelate of
laboratory anti-Darwinism. Todd Charles Wood is a ``young-Earth
creationist,'' strict Biblical literalist and holder of a doctorate in
biochemistry from Thomas Jefferson's own University of Virginia. He
acknowledges that there are difficulties involved in proving that
Darwin and his disciples - the list would include virtually every
reputable scientist since 1859 - are incorrect.
******** Obviously even this "educated" scientist can't even come up with
ONE valid piece of evidence that supports creationism.
******** He may be educated - but he certainly isn't s scientist!
Wood, 37, is an energetic defender of the theory that the Earth was
created in six 24-hour days a mere 6,000 years ago, and he is
steadfast in his belief that only eight humans and approximately 125
pairs of mammals rode out the Great Flood on Noah's Ark.
******* All that shit does NOT constitute a theory any more than
Tinkerbell's fairy dust is a theory.
(Everything
else - dinosaurs, woolly mammoths, the rest of humanity - was washed
away.)
******* and, exactly where, in this precious bible does it say anything of
the sort?
He is the director of Bryan College's Center For Origins
Research, whose aim, according to a CORE brochure, is ``to develop new
ways of looking at biology that honours the Creator.''
******* You can't even do that when you need to INVENT non-biblical fairy
tales
*******to try to explain why the bible does NOT conform to reality!
``The creation-evolution debate is a propaganda war in which nobody
cares what the truth is,'' Wood says during a lively and thoroughly
entertaining conversation. ``I am a scientist. I get up every morning
seeking the truth. It's just that I'm not motivated by the same things
that motivate evolutionary biologists.
****** That he "seeks the truth" is his own delusion - one shared by all to
many extremist fanatics from Ayatolla Kohmeni to Pat Robertson.
****** You cannot "seek the truth" in fairy tales!
``I want to know why there are so many different species of
salamanders. I want to know why flightless birds live only in the
Southern Hemisphere. I want to know why there are so many marsupials
in Australia, and so few everywhere else.
****** Then become a VALID scientists, investigate the facts, and find out!
****** You'll never get anywhere with your head buried in your book of
illusions and delusions.
They think I'm out to
discredit evolution, but I'm not. I'm out to scientifically prove a
set of information that I know by faith.''
****** You cannot "know" ANYTHING by faith. That, in itself, is a
contradiction of meanings!
Wood concedes that ``theories are needed'' in the pursuit of a
rigorous creationist biology.
***** Valid theories are based on facts and evidence.
***** You have none; you only have ancienti fables, fairy tales and
fabrications.
He cites a number of perplexities that
such a theory would have to explain: feathered dinosaurs; fossil
whales with both teeth and baleen; the fact that human beings share 99
per cent of their genome with the chimpanzee.
***** "Perplexities"? In the real world they are known as facts.
***** The ancient age of the world is not a "perplexity"; it is, obviously,
a fact that you cannot handle.
``That may be the big one,'' says Wood.
``The theory is already written,'' I suggest, holding up a copy of The
Origin of Species.
``Why would God create anthrax?'' the scholar wonders out loud.
****** You cannot assume ANY answer for that unless you provide evidence
that this, particular, god even exists.
****** No one has, for thousands of years of trying.
****** A more rational question would be "Why would man (need to)
create/invent a god"?
``Why would God create Darwin?'' I reply.
``I don't have a theory from which to work,'' Wood admits. ``Once
Darwin hit on natural selection, he had a theory with which to work.
Evolution is well- supported. It is not bogus. It is not a failure. It
is not in crisis. I just happen to think it's wrong.''
****** Oh ... so "your thinking" stands on an equal status as the
outrageously well supported science of evolution?
****** Not likely.