https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm1148
Glutathione reductase (GSR) is sort of a scavenger enzyme that helps
keep the mitochondria from going into oxidative stress. It looks like
we inherited the ancestral allele from Neanderthal. Modern humans have
an amino acid substitution in the gene that is not found in in the
Neanderthal genomes that have been sequenced. Neanderthal have the ape
sequence. It turns out that modern humans have the Neanderthal variant
at a low frequency. The sequence surrounding the gene indicates that it
came from Neanderthals, and was not just segregating at a low level in
our African ancestors. What is strange is that the Neanderthal allele
may be ancestral, but it is associated with negative effects in the
extant modern human population. It is associated with a heightened
inflammatory response, and associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
So we may have inherited the ancestral sequence from Neanderthal, but it
is only found at a very low frequency in Modern humans, and seems to be
not the best allele to have of the GSR gene at this time. The
Neanderthals had it at a very high frequency, and it didn't seem to be
some type of negative for them.
Ron Okimoto