I don't know what you refer to here - you seem to be replying to yourself?
>
>> If you mean the official rules since 1999 that tightened considerably
>> the approach, not quite - a medical doctor must have ruled out both
>> physical and mental illness.
>
> Are you talking here about the rules of the Catholic Church? Or
> about psychiatric associations?
>
The Catholic Church. The document is "Of Exorcisms and Certain
Supplications" from 1999, and was in response to a number of high
profile cases where people were harmed or not enough supported.
>> The latter I'd consider problematic if
>> taken literally (unsurprisingly, as I consider exorcism and similar
>> rituals as one way to manage mental health issues). A better way to read
>> it would be to say: not diagnosed with the type of mental health problem
>> that either makes them a danger to themselves or others and requires
>> therefore hospitalization, or the type of mental health problem for
>> which more efficient drug-based interventions exist.
>>
>> Severe mental illness can of course be life threatening - from suicide
>> and other forms of self-harm to harm to others - and it would indeed be
>> dangerous if an indicated drug based intervention, or hospitalisation,
>> were delayed.
>
> The two patients in question had been under psychiatric treatment
> for over a year, so only during the actual exorcism were there any
> such dangers -- and M. Scott Peck is very explicit about them.
>
>
>> The real big big problem with though is when the intervention fails, or
>> has no lasting effect. At this point different religions differ
>> considerably how they interpret this, and this can then be much more
>> harmful to the patient than the intervention itself. Religions that
>> associate possession, or resistance to exorcism, with the sinful nature
>> of the patient ("you are just so wicked that not even you priest can
>> keep the demons away etc") obviously fare worst.
>
> That is exactly contrary to Peck's experience and recommendations.
> He says the most important feature of the exorcism team must be
> a love for the patient.
Which is potentially reassuring, but that's also where it can become
very quickly very complicated and messy, given the context of Christian,
and more specifically catholic, doctrine. The way he describes the role
of the exorcist means clearly that he thinks of agape rather than
philia (or eros). And in some conceptions of agape, it can be very
different from what we might ordinarily understand under love, or what a
psychologist or psychiatrist would mean with that term. He seems to be
more Augustine than Thomas for that matter. But in any case, any of
these would be the type of relationship that are deemed highly
inappropriate between psychiatrist and patient. Learning to keep your
professional distance is one of the key requirements that psychiatrists
and psychotherapists have to learn, precisely because the nature of
their profession makes it so "natural" to form personal bonds with the
patient. These rules protect both, patient and practitioner.
The type of self-sacrificing love that (especially Augustine) meant with
agape can unfortunately have psychologically the exact opposite effect
when taken out of the abstract theological doctrine and becomes applied
in real life by real people. It can and of course has been used to
justify actions that harm the "temporal" aspects of a person in order to
"save" the "spiritual" aspect, inflicting all sorts of harm on them
in the course of the action, and all in the name of love ("this hurts
you more than me...")And where there is the feeling that it has been
rejected (in our setting, the patient relapses), the negative response
can be particularly strong - as anyone who deals with dysfunctional
family relations would tell you ("I gave up everything for you...)
So I'm not too reassured by that part of his analysis, and I find it in
equal parts worrying and interesting that Peck never reconnects that
discussion with the extensive literature on patient-therapist relations
in the psychiatric and psychotherapy literature.
There is a marked development in his own attitude from "The road less
traveled" to "people of lie" to the later "Glimpses of the devil. In
many ways the first is the most worrying, because it frames spiritual
growth solely as an individualistic endeavor. Too much "Batman" if you
ask me - the superhero fighting insurmountable odds, all on his own as
he has to travel this road alone etc. That draws on those intellectual
traditions of Christianity (hermits, seclusion etc) that are least
suitable for mental health practitioners, and sidelined the all
important communal aspect. He got better, and considerably more humble,
in the sense that he recognised the need for community, later, but he
still ontologises evil, considering some people to be "irredeemable
evil" even if they did not commit evil acts as such. Oh, and he
famously thought the entire US Supreme Court was evil for handing
election victory to Bush.
You may want to read also the biography by Arthur Jones, "The Road He
Travelled: The Revealing Biography of M Scott Peck" The image we get
from there is decidedly ambiguous, and shows someone capable of quite
significant cruelty in his personal relations (no, you don't ask your ex
to be your witness at your second wedding, especially if the new bride
doesn't like the idea at all) , though some of this in later life may
have been caused by his own declining mental health. But all in all he
is not the type of person I would like to see in charge of such a
dangerous (for patient and practitioner) relation
Within it. Martin left the Jesuit order... under some cloud, to put it
mildly. His precise status remained an issue of controversy - he claimed
to have received dispensation from all his vows as a Jesuit AND from the
chastity requirement for ordinary priests, the Church authorities said
he was neither, and in any case that would not give license to have an
extramarital affair with the wife of one of the mentally ill people he
got into contact with He was one of the "Fatima Crusaders, claimed
that Pius IX and John Paul I were murdered, that the Vatican conspired
with with the Freemasons and the Soviets to block the election of
Cardinal Siri to Pope, that Popes John XXIII and Paul VI were
Freemasons etc etc. His claims about exorcism are mixed with a lot of
new age nonsense. Not the person I'd go for for an authoritative account
of catholic teaching, to put it mildly.
>
>> Peck accepts uncritically
>> these accounts and Martin's interpretation of them, seems ot be unaware
>> of the significant body of literature on exorcism, and his own dabbling
>> is based on Martin's discredited ideas too
>
> According to whom?
According to himself? He praises Martin throughout the book, names him
as the role model, and also says the only reason he doesn't give more
details is the excellent work Martin has done publishing five case studies.
Otherwise, see below where I put in a link to a reference where you
requested one. You get lots of information on the reaction by the
church and secular psychiatrists in Arthur Jones, "The Road He Travelled"
>
>
>> All this is of course
>> pre-1999 - but cases like that of Martin were a factor behind the
>> substantial tightening of the rules then
>>
>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>> *ANY* support for
>>>>> exorcism is appalling and unjustified.
>>>
>>>> That's a more substantive issue.
>>>
>>> But a misguided one. For example, the two exorcisms in which Peck was present
>>> were successful. True, the patients had a long "convalescence" afterwards but they were much better off mentally and emotionally than they had been
>>> for over a decade.
>>
>> You mean the ones he describes in "Glimpses of the Devil"?
>
> I haven't read it, so I don't know whether the patients were
> the same ones described in the chapter in _People of the Lie_.
> Have you read the chapter?
>
Yes, but some time ago. Did a quick check and they are indeed different
persons, just two in each case. Glimpses of the Devil contains a longer
discussion of the ones he did himself, and the description is quite
extensive People of the Lie he merely observed - but I didn't find a lot
about the long-term follow up- and we know from more systematic studies
that these interventions sometimes make people feel better for a few
month, but then they relapse worse. (some more conventional
psychotherapy interventions have the same problem)
And he says himself in the beginning that he is only giving a very
brief account, and people interested in details should read Martin's books.
>
> Not quite,
>> though Peck goes some way to create that impression. "Beccah Armitage"
>> was arguably worse off, and eventually killed herself. “Jersey Babcock”
>> was potentially more successful, at least based on the self-reports
>> (crucially, Peck doesn't carry out any of the evaluative tests that
>> establish a full clinical symptomatology. The Swiss paper I list below
>> had as conclusion that while patients did claim to feel better, this was
>> not reflected in the symptomatology, and may have been at least partly
>> an observer effect (patients don't want to disappoint the healer)
>> Babcock e.g. continued to suffer form delusions, she just claimed to
>> cope better with them. What makes the Babcock case problematic,
>> ethically if not medically, is that she had been sexually abused by her
>> father as a child. Turning that into an account that centers on her and
>> her "possession" is something that I find pretty inexcusable, and
>> displaying exactly one of the dangers of this approach - that can
>> exculpate the environment and locate the "sin" with the victim.
>>
>> Richard Woods, the Chicago theology professor, I think gave a
>> particularly scathing account of Peck's dabbling in exorcism, from both
>> a clinical and a theological perspective
>
> Reference?
here is one:
http://www.natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2005b/042905/042905m.htm