Vera Quagliato

[Lane Frisch]

O projeto teve incio em setembro de 2012, quando Vera passou a buscar doaes de livros para a primeira biblioteca. Em aluso ao seu nome e estao do ano, nomeou o projeto como Primavera, smbolo de algo que, plantado e cultivado com amor e dedicao, pode crescer e florescer em qualquer lugar.

J esto em pleno funcionamento 24 unidades do Projeto Primavera, instaladas em escolas municipais e rurais, asilos, creches, comunidades carentes, hospitais e centros culturais e de convivncia para idosos e crianas, inclusive na Cruz Vermelha. As bibliotecas esto plantadas em vrios pontos do Brasil, como Distrito Federal, Gois, Par e So Paulo.

Como se trata de entidade filantrpica, o amanh depende da generosidade e da conscincia das pessoas que acreditam em fazer um mundo melhor para todos. Tendo a educao como base dessa transformao, o Projeto Primavera est sempre em busca de novos parceiros.

No atual momento em que o Brasil se prepara para definir um novo horizonte no universo democrtico, a Educao tem sido um dos temas centrais do debate nacional, porm, existem ainda, felizmente, cidados empreendedores que, voluntariamente, trabalham para o to sonhado futuro melhor do Pas.

Vera Quagliato um grande exemplo disso. Idealizadora do Projeto Primavera, h alguns anos sua misso implantar bibliotecas nas escolas, entidades e instituies pblicas e privadas nos Estados de So Paulo, Par, Gois e Distrito Federal.

No sbado, 26 de agosto, o Projeto Primavera inaugurou a 29 Biblioteca, denominada Sala de Leitura, na Escola Estadual Maria do Carmo Arruda da Silva. O espao moderno e aconchegante, rene um considervel acervo bibliogrfico que certamente vai fazer a diferena na formao de centenas de alunos da escola ourinhense.

Na UNIFIO, os alunos, dirigentes e professores da escola foram recepcionados por Vera Quagliato, sua irm Rosa Quagliato, toda a equipe do Projeto Primavera e, tambm, pelo bibliotecrio Ben Ferreira e pela artista plstica Irene Koga que fizeram uma explanao sobre o acervo bibliogrfico e artstico da instituio.

Os alunos foram acompanhados na visita UNIFIO pela diretora da EE Maria do Carmo, Lucimar Dizir, vice-diretor Glucio Jacinto de Siqueira, vice-diretora Eva Lourdes de Soares Durce e pela professora, responsvel pela Sala de Leitura, Leila Fernandes Garcia.

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Emotional regulation refers to the ability to manage our behavioral response in the face of challenging and stressful everyday situations. It is a complex process responsible for starting or inhibiting reactions triggered by various stimuli. However, individual levels of affective traits and structural changes in specific regions of the brain have been associated with the ability to regulate emotions [1]. The persistence of negative affect [2], differences in hemispheric brain activation and changes in functions needed for executive control are characteristics that have been verified in some psychiatric disorders [3]. However, depressive disorder (DD) and anxiety disorders (AD) share many symptoms associated with cognitive deficits and emotional regulation [4]. Both anhedonia, a striking feature in depression [5], and the impulsivity present in generalized anxiety disorder [6] seem to be a consequence of the increase in negative emotions, suggesting that the neurobiology of emotional regulation is fundamental to the psychopathology.

Patients with anxiety disorder often have depressive symptoms and vice versa [7]. The investigation of similarities and differences between depression and anxiety, points to patterns of similar neural responses, especially in the frontal region of the brain [8]. In addition, some studies reinforce that the dysregulation of pathophysiological mechanisms, such as the neurotransmitter systems norepinephrine and serotonin, interfere with the symptoms of depression and anxiety [9]. And that the elevation of secretion of the corticotrophine-releasing hormone is recurrent in these disorders [10]. Through electroencephalography, it is also possible to observe that anxious and depressive patients present cortical activity dysfunction in analogous brain regions [11]. Thus, recent studies suggest that these disorders are highly comorbid [12].

It has been shown that the decrease in the severity of depressive symptoms corresponds to increased dorsolateral cortical activity [16] and that cognitive ability derives from cortical activation of this same region [17]. In addition, it was observed that the power of the alpha rhythm was negatively correlated with cortical activity in the dlPFC [14]. Since all these aspects are intrinsic to the dlPFC, the objective of this study was to relate emotional regulation to hemispheric lateralization in depression and to offer a meta-analysis that verifies the existence of hemispheric lateralization attributed to the FAA. We calculated the effect size for nine studies that evaluated oscillations in the alpha band [15, 18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], using FAA with reference to electrodes F4 and F3 and their respective standard deviations as EEG measures for the comparison of subjects who comprised the depression group versus participants in the control group.

A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane databases, covering articles published from 2009 until February 2020. The search protocol was developed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and it was previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020150815) [26]. To avoid publication bias, non-English language studies and those in the gray literature (for example, conference abstracts) were included. A broad but highly structured search strategy was used based on the PICOS framework. The study population was subjects with a depressive or anxiety disorder, the intervention/exposure was EEG measurements, the comparison was to a control group, the outcome was the evaluated hemispheric lateralization attributed to the FAA and the study design included any type of design.

A search for articles published from 2009 in the PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed using the following keywords: executive function OR executive control OR cognition OR prefrontal cortex OR dorsolateral prefrontal cortex OR dlPFC activity OR lobe OR cerebral cortex OR cerebral mantle OR pallium OR prefrontal lobe OR cortex OR brain imaging OR EEG OR neuroimaging OR cognitive reappraisal OR working memory OR inhibitory control OR emotional regulation OR decision making OR cognitive reevaluation AND emotion OR sadness OR prostration OR melancholy OR heartbreak OR adversity OR distress OR anguish OR bitterness OR suffering OR euphoria OR joy OR happiness OR pleasure OR satisfaction OR impulsiveness OR contentment OR behavior OR self-control OR attention OR stress OR nervousness OR frenzy OR mood OR disorder OR anxiety OR depression OR irritability AND anxiety disorder OR generalized anxiety disorder OR panic disorder OR mood disorders OR depressive disorder OR separation anxiety disorder OR agoraphobia OR phobia AND brain imaging OR neuroimaging electroencephalogram.

Statistical analyses of the variables were carried out with the aid of RevMan 5, Cochrane software. Using a random effects model and observing the mean differences between the intervention and control groups, we consider the 95% confidence interval for the obtained results. The heterogeneity was attributed to the different sample sizes among the groups of participants in the selected studies.

A total of 7038 potential articles for initial screening were published as of 2009. Of this total, 307 duplicates were identified through the Mendeley reference manager and with manual confirmation of the titles. After the exclusion of duplicates, 6731 articles remained, of which 6686 were rejected based on the reading of titles and abstracts and 45 were selected for the full reading of the texts. Then, 27 other studies were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria. Therefore, 18 articles were included in this review. Of these, 9 were homogeneous enough for meta-analysis (Fig. 1). Another 9 studies could not be statistically analyzed due to the absence of the alpha band frontal asymmetry index (FAA) measure for electrodes F4 and F3 (Fig. 2).

Articles that did not present FAA measurements related to F4 and F3 electrodes were excluded from the meta-analysis during data extraction (Table 1). To minimize the heterogeneity among the studies included in the analysis, for the studies with FAA measurements in different regions and brain waves, only the measurements referring to the alpha wave in the frontal region were collected. However, specifically from the F4 and F3 electrodes, as already mentioned earlier in the topic methodology (Table 2).

All studies that were part of this literature review investigated how brainwave activity was associated with emotional regulation and human cognition. By using EEG measurements in their experiments, it was possible to verify whether brainwave oscillations would be a potential biomarker in depression and anxiety when compared to the control group [27].

Researchers have sought to understand the cause of these oscillations, especially in the frontal and prefrontal regions, in individuals with symptoms of depression [28, 29]. In anxiety disorders, significant oscillations of cortical activity have been observed in all brain regions, especially in the areas in the left hemisphere [30]

Highly concerned individuals tended to show greater changes in the beta band in multiple brain regions [31]. In depressive subjects, beta oscillations are concentrated in the central frontoparietal region, which would explain the attention deficit proportional to the severity of symptoms [32].

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