Condensed Vapor

[Henrietta Naughton]

Condensationis the process where water vapor becomes liquid. It is the reverse action of evaporation, where liquid water becomes a vapor.

Condensation happens one of two ways: Either the air is cooled to its dew point or it becomes so saturated with water vapor that it cannot hold any more water.

Dew Point

Dew point is the temperature at which condensation happens. (Dew is simply condensed water in the atmosphere.) Air temperatures can reach or fall below the dew point naturally, as they often do at night. That's why the ground, structures, and objects left outside are often coated with water droplets in the morning.

Condensation can also produce water droplets on the outside of soda cans or glasses of cold water. When warm air hits the cold surface, it reaches its dew point and condenses. This leaves droplets of water on the glass or can.

When a pocket of air becomes full of water vapor, clouds form. The point at which condensation starts can be easily viewed in cumulus clouds, which have flat bottoms. Those flat bottoms are where vapor begins to condense into water droplets.

Saturation

Clouds are simply masses of water droplets in the atmosphere. Molecules in water vapor are far apart from one another. As more water vapor collects in clouds, they can become saturated with water vapor. Saturated clouds cannot hold any more water vapor. When clouds are saturated with water vapor, the density, or closeness, of the molecules increases. The vapor condenses and becomes rain.

Cold air holds less water vapor than warm air. This is why warm climates are often more humid than cold ones: Water vapor remains in the air instead of condensing into rain. Cold climates are more likely to have rain, because water vapor condenses more easily there.

Making Rain

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are microscopic bits of clay, salt, or solid pollutants such as ash from smoke. Water in clouds condenses around these condensation nuclei to form raindrops.

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In recent years, technological developments have advanced the capabilities of computer vision techniques, including those leveraged toward 3D reconstruction with Structure-from-Motion. This process allows for the generation of accurate 3D models from sets of 2D imagery. With accurate feature detectors and matchers, Structure-from-Motion remains a widely used technique. However, the reconstruction of 3D structure is heavily dependent on the spatial characteristics of the object of interest. Fast-moving, featureless, and dynamic objects suffer from this latter issue, where standard or advanced feature detectors cannot derive any information on the object's surface. With the goal of producing three-dimensional geometric reconstructions of condensed water vapor plumes, this research presents a robust methodology utilizing the space carving technique. Paired with an extensive data collection campaign, convolutional neural networks such as U-Net and Mask R-CNN are assessed and utilized to produce accurate segmentation masks of plumes. This research introduces a comprehensive methodology for transforming Structure-from-Motion models, reconstructed using a hierarchical global-to-local approach, to derive precise camera pose in a metric coordinate frame. Finally, a space carving implementation was utilized to produce scale volumetric reconstructions of condensed water vapor plumes from repeated observations in the visible region of the spectrum. This methodology, implemented on diverse data sets, demonstrates exceptional robustness against varying illumination and meteorological conditions, including challenges posed by the presence of condensed water vapor plumes emanating from mechanical draft cooling towers, a dynamic observation.

Essentially two types of air to water machines exist: those that operate by condensation of water vapor on a lower temperature surface and those that use a concentrated brine solution to absorb the vapor followed by evaporation of water from the brine.

Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle.[1] It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with a liquid or solid surface or cloud condensation nuclei within the atmosphere. When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, the change is called deposition.

Condensation commonly occurs when a vapor is cooled and/or compressed to its saturation limit when the molecular density in the gas phase reaches its maximal threshold. Vapor cooling and compressing equipment that collects condensed liquids is called a "condenser".

It is also a crucial process in forming particle tracks in a cloud chamber. In this case, ions produced by an incident particle act as nucleation centers for the condensation of the vapor producing the visible "cloud" trails.

Numerous living beings use water made accessible by condensation. A few examples of these are the Australian thorny devil, the darkling beetles of the Namibian coast, and the coast redwoods of the West Coast of the United States.

Condensation in building construction is an unwanted phenomenon as it may cause dampness, mold health issues, wood rot, corrosion, weakening of mortar and masonry walls, and energy penalties due to increased heat transfer. To alleviate these issues, the indoor air humidity needs to be lowered, or air ventilation in the building needs to be improved. This can be done in a number of ways, for example opening windows, turning on extractor fans, using dehumidifiers, drying clothes outside and covering pots and pans whilst cooking. Air conditioning or ventilation systems can be installed that help remove moisture from the air, and move air throughout a building.[8] The amount of water vapor that can be stored in the air can be increased simply by increasing the temperature.[8] However, this can be a double edged sword as most condensation in the home occurs when warm, moisture heavy air comes into contact with a cool surface. As the air is cooled, it can no longer hold as much water vapor. This leads to deposition of water on the cool surface. This is very apparent when central heating is used in combination with single glazed windows in winter.

Vapor CondenserGeneralCategoryDeployablesTech TierTier 4Required Level30DescriptionCan be placed over enzyme geysers across Icarus to condense vapor into exotics or condensed enzymes. WARNING: Attracts creatures while active.Flavor TextPretty high tech, considering it was made on planet.StatisticsWeight5.0 kgDurability2,000MiscCrafted At FabricatorRepaired withHammersPrerequisite Fabricator

Activating the Vapor Condenser will trigger the Horde Mode event - a series of waves of creatures will spawn and will attempt to destroy the Vapor Condenser. After facing 3 waves of creatures (Wolves, Jaguars, and Bears, for example), a reward will be deposited in the Condenser, and the Condenser can be re-activated to begin another set of waves for more rewards.

Note: If prospectors pickup/deactivate the Condenser during an activation or the Condenser is destroyed, progress during that activation is lost, forcing prospectors to restart at wave one when the Condenser is reactivated. Failed activations do not count towards the number of successful activations for that geyser.

Rewards are granted only upon successful activations, which is indicated by the Vapor Condenser automatically deactivating once all three waves have been cleared. Rewards received after each successful activation are determined by the difficulty of the Prospect/Open World and successful activation count. All successful completions grant Condensed Enzymes. The number of Condensed Enzymes received does not increase after wave three.Rewards for the first three activations are:

In Missions, the first three successful activations per geyser (three sets of three waves) grant Exotics and Condensed Enzymes. After that, subsequent activations will only give Condensed Enzymes.

Similar to Missions, the first three successful activations per geyser grant Exotics and Condensed Enzymes and will only give Condensed Enzymes after subsequent activations. However, after the Meteor Event that occurs every three hours of prospect time (on the 3-hour mark since the start time of your 'Time on Prospect' ie 3, 6, 9, etc), successful activation counts for all Enzyme Geysers are reset. From then on, all Enzyme Geysers grant Exotics for the first three successful activations following the event. Successful activation counts are reset every three hours, regardless of whether a meteor event occurs. To view your "Time on Prospect," press 'I' and the time will be indicated below the list of detailed statistics on the right.

Animal levels increase each time a given geyser is re-activated. Each new geyser counts these activations separately. If the percentage displayed on the Vapor Condenser is not progressing and no new creatures are being spawned, something spawned during the wave is stuck somewhere and needs to be dispatched.

Creature counts are set per wave for a given number of players and do not increase with activation. Creatures that spawn simultaneously are static, but total creatures go up with more players. Detailed spawn counts for each biome are listed below:

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