关于另外几个词语的翻译
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pingxing wang
Dec 24, 2012, 3:50:50 AM12/24/12
to tacce
关于几个词语的翻译
主要矛盾；经济发展方式；体制机制障碍；思想理论；生态系统；“台独”分裂
一、“主要矛盾”
“我们必须清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变。”
译 文：We must be soberly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so. This basic condition of China has not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, how we can meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people with backward social production; nor has China’s international position as the largest developing country in the world.
回来后，我又仔细琢磨这段译文，觉得“人民 日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变”，是说这一矛盾仍然是社会主要矛盾这个“事实”没有变，主要矛盾还没有解决， 不是问题本身没变，而是它作为社会主要问题这个事实没变。译文the principal problem...has not changed中problem与change搭配，读者会不会理解为这个问题一直没有变化？问题没解决，但是一直在努力解决之中，变化还是有的，而且有 很大变化。用has yet been solved好像比has not changed好些？中文三个排比，英文很难保留，实际上现在的译文结构与中文也不同。
我还是觉得contradiction一词有时候 还是可以用的。泛泛讨论社会管理方面的“社会矛盾”（指各方面的利益冲突），用problems比contradictions好，而讨论社会的主要矛盾 和次要矛盾，用contradiction显得很自然。具体到这个句子，可能problem与contradiction都用上更好。下面是美国宇航局网 站的用例：
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/appel/ask-academy/issues/volume1/AA_1-10_F_inventive.html
Can the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Help You?
What's the contradiction in the problem you're trying to solve? The Theory of Inventing Problem Solving (TRIZ) may help you find the answer.
Every invention is a proposed solution to a contradiction. A coffee mug needs to keep liquids hot on the inside while remaining cool enough to touch on the outside.1 Contradictions like these are the essence of engineering tradeoffs, and they are familiar to anyone who devises solutions to problems, from a rocket scientist to a cosmetics package designer. The best answer, of course, is one that requires no compromise to solve the contradiction. That is an invention.
试改： Nor has the state of (状况、地位）the principal problem in our society - the contradiction between ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and backward social production;...
二、“经济发展方式”
为了推进又 好又快发展，2007年9月，在亚太经合组织商业峰会上的演讲中，胡锦涛首次提出转变经济发展方式的概念。10月，中共十七大将加快转变经济发展方式确立 为国家战略。12月，在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员学习贯彻党的十七大精神研讨班上，胡锦涛说：“由转变经济增长方式到转变经济发展方式，虽然只是两 个字的改动，但却有着十分深刻的内涵。转变经济发展方式，除了涵盖转变经济增长方式的全部内容外，还对经济发展的理念、目的、战略、途径等提出了新的更高 的要求。我们要正确处理好和快的关系，坚持好字优先，加快形成符合科学发展观要求的发展方式。”－中国网：“科学发展 辉煌十年”系列稿件之九 加快转变经济发展方式的战略抉择与可喜进展
中文里面，有两个概念从“经济增长方式”转变到“经济发展方式”，后者涵盖前者，而且有更高要求。英译只用growth model，如果要解释转变的过程就会有困难。
查google，“economic development patterns”（不是 the pattern of economic development)例子很多，美国政府网站也有不少。
google结果：
"economic development patterns" site:.gov About 368,000 results (0.27 seconds)
"growth model" site:.gov About 40,200 results (0.14 seconds)
如 果前面用change economic development patterns (即：要促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变，由 主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变,三个patterns)，然后形成新的growth model，这样是不是更好些？
三、“体制机制障碍”
systemic barrier是简洁，可能不太确切。systemic是“系统的”“全身的”。体制机制，我理解是systems和mechanisms两者都有。
Synonyms: obstacle, obstruction, bar, barrier, block, hindrance, impediment, snag
All of these nouns refer to something that prevents action or slows progress. Obstacle applies to something that stands in the way: We combat obstacles in order to get repose (Henry Adams).
An obstruction makes passage or progress difficult: A sandbar is an obstruction to navigation.
Bar and barrier suggest an obstruction that confines or prevents exit or entry: Tyranny may always enterthere is no charm, no bar against itthe only bar against it is a large resolute breed of men (Walt Whitman).... -AHD
似乎用obstacle比barrier要好些？把 systemic barriers改为 institutional obstacles?
报告的另外一处说“体制机制弊端”似译 defects of some systems and mechanisms 为好。
四、生态系统
生 态系统 the ecosystems 即使是指一个国家的总的生态系统，也宜用复数。联合国气候变化框架公约中，八处ecosystem全都以ecosystems出现。生物多样性公约13 处,12处为ecosystems，只有下定义的一处用"ecosystem"。
"the ecosystem of the United States" 8 results (0.17 seconds)
"the ecosystems of the United States" About 1,910,000 results (0.18 seconds)
"the ecosystems of the united states" site:.gov About 83,200 results (0.27 seconds)
"the ecosystem of the United States" site:.gov 3 results (0.36 seconds)
Ecosystem, organisms living in a particular environment, such as a forest or a coral reef, and the physical parts of the environment that affect them. The term ecosystem was coined in 1935 by the British ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley, who described natural systems in “constant interchange” among their living and nonliving parts.
The ecosystem concept fits into an ordered view of nature that was developed by scientists to simplify the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, a field known as ecology. At the top of the hierarchy is the planet’s entire living environment, known as the biosphere. Within this biosphere are several large categories of living communities known as biomes that are usually characterized by their dominant vegetation, such as grasslands, tropical forests, or deserts. The biomes are in turn made up of ecosystems. The living, or biotic, parts of an ecosystem, such as the plants, animals, and bacteria found in soil, are known as a community. The physical surroundings, or abiotic components, such as the minerals found in the soil, are known as the environment or habitat. －Encarta Encyclopedia
五、“思想理论”
在 中文里，思想和理论有联系又有区别。比如毛泽东在《反对自由主义》和《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》都提到开展“思想斗争”，平时我们也常提到“做思 想政治工作”，这些地方的思想显然不能用theoretical（理论）来表达。加强党的“思想理论建设”不单是与theory有关，而且与 beliefs,values,ideals（ideology)有关。有这样的说法：做思想工作要“动之以情，晓之以理”，后面的理也许可用 theory，前面的情就肯定不是theoretical。
江泽民：“我提出宣传思想战线要以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。”这四个方面都是思想政治工作的内容，后面三项不能用theory来概括。
ideology 在英文中的确用在负面意义的语境中比较多，但是也有用在正面的。比如美国总统卡特在1981年的国情咨文中谈拉美和加勒比地区情况时说：We have respected ideological diversity and opposed outside intervention in purely internal affairs.2006年布什总统在国情咨文中谈到反恐时说： This war is more than a clash of arms -- it is a decisive ideological struggle, and the security of our nation is in the balance. 他在2008年的国情咨文中又说：We are engaged in the defining ideological struggle of the 21st century. 用什么来进行这场斗争？显然只有用ideas,ideological weapons。
Ideological Culture
In every society, culturally unique ways of thinking about the world unite people in their behavior.
In every society, culturally unique ways of thinking about the world unite people in their behavior. Anthropologists often refer to the body of ideas that people share as ideology. Ideology can be broken down into at least three specific categories: beliefs, values, and ideals. People’s beliefs give them an understanding of how the world works and how they should respond to the actions of others and their environments. Particular beliefs often tie in closely with the daily concerns of domestic life, such as making a living, health and sickness, happiness and sadness, interpersonal relationships, and death. People’s values tell them the differences between right and wrong or good and bad. Ideals serve as models for what people hope to achieve in life. - Encarta Encyclopedia
这个问题值得继续讨论。
六、“台独”分裂图谋
secession 在香港特别行政区基本法里用，后来又专门制定反分裂国家法 Anti-Secession Law，其正当性应该没有疑问。从词典里和网上看，secession都并不是只限于指美国的南北战争，其他国家和地区也适用。报告中两次用分 裂，secessionist和separatist都用是不是好些？
柯林斯高级英语学习词典第5版
Secessionists are people who want their region or group to become separate from the country or larger group to which it belongs.
...Lithuanian secessionists...
王平兴 2012.12.
主要矛盾；经济发展方式；体制机制障碍；思想理论；生态系统；“台独”分裂
一、“主要矛盾”
“我们必须清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变。”
译 文：We must be soberly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so. This basic condition of China has not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, how we can meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people with backward social production; nor has China’s international position as the largest developing country in the world.
回来后，我又仔细琢磨这段译文，觉得“人民 日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变”，是说这一矛盾仍然是社会主要矛盾这个“事实”没有变，主要矛盾还没有解决， 不是问题本身没变，而是它作为社会主要问题这个事实没变。译文the principal problem...has not changed中problem与change搭配，读者会不会理解为这个问题一直没有变化？问题没解决，但是一直在努力解决之中，变化还是有的，而且有 很大变化。用has yet been solved好像比has not changed好些？中文三个排比，英文很难保留，实际上现在的译文结构与中文也不同。
我还是觉得contradiction一词有时候 还是可以用的。泛泛讨论社会管理方面的“社会矛盾”（指各方面的利益冲突），用problems比contradictions好，而讨论社会的主要矛盾 和次要矛盾，用contradiction显得很自然。具体到这个句子，可能problem与contradiction都用上更好。下面是美国宇航局网 站的用例：
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/appel/ask-academy/issues/volume1/AA_1-10_F_inventive.html
Can the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Help You?
What's the contradiction in the problem you're trying to solve? The Theory of Inventing Problem Solving (TRIZ) may help you find the answer.
Every invention is a proposed solution to a contradiction. A coffee mug needs to keep liquids hot on the inside while remaining cool enough to touch on the outside.1 Contradictions like these are the essence of engineering tradeoffs, and they are familiar to anyone who devises solutions to problems, from a rocket scientist to a cosmetics package designer. The best answer, of course, is one that requires no compromise to solve the contradiction. That is an invention.
试改： Nor has the state of (状况、地位）the principal problem in our society - the contradiction between ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and backward social production;...
二、“经济发展方式”
为了推进又 好又快发展，2007年9月，在亚太经合组织商业峰会上的演讲中，胡锦涛首次提出转变经济发展方式的概念。10月，中共十七大将加快转变经济发展方式确立 为国家战略。12月，在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员学习贯彻党的十七大精神研讨班上，胡锦涛说：“由转变经济增长方式到转变经济发展方式，虽然只是两 个字的改动，但却有着十分深刻的内涵。转变经济发展方式，除了涵盖转变经济增长方式的全部内容外，还对经济发展的理念、目的、战略、途径等提出了新的更高 的要求。我们要正确处理好和快的关系，坚持好字优先，加快形成符合科学发展观要求的发展方式。”－中国网：“科学发展 辉煌十年”系列稿件之九 加快转变经济发展方式的战略抉择与可喜进展
中文里面，有两个概念从“经济增长方式”转变到“经济发展方式”，后者涵盖前者，而且有更高要求。英译只用growth model，如果要解释转变的过程就会有困难。
查google，“economic development patterns”（不是 the pattern of economic development)例子很多，美国政府网站也有不少。
google结果：
"economic development patterns" site:.gov About 368,000 results (0.27 seconds)
"growth model" site:.gov About 40,200 results (0.14 seconds)
如 果前面用change economic development patterns (即：要促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变，由 主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变,三个patterns)，然后形成新的growth model，这样是不是更好些？
三、“体制机制障碍”
systemic barrier是简洁，可能不太确切。systemic是“系统的”“全身的”。体制机制，我理解是systems和mechanisms两者都有。
Synonyms: obstacle, obstruction, bar, barrier, block, hindrance, impediment, snag
All of these nouns refer to something that prevents action or slows progress. Obstacle applies to something that stands in the way: We combat obstacles in order to get repose (Henry Adams).
An obstruction makes passage or progress difficult: A sandbar is an obstruction to navigation.
Bar and barrier suggest an obstruction that confines or prevents exit or entry: Tyranny may always enterthere is no charm, no bar against itthe only bar against it is a large resolute breed of men (Walt Whitman).... -AHD
似乎用obstacle比barrier要好些？把 systemic barriers改为 institutional obstacles?
报告的另外一处说“体制机制弊端”似译 defects of some systems and mechanisms 为好。
四、生态系统
生 态系统 the ecosystems 即使是指一个国家的总的生态系统，也宜用复数。联合国气候变化框架公约中，八处ecosystem全都以ecosystems出现。生物多样性公约13 处,12处为ecosystems，只有下定义的一处用"ecosystem"。
"the ecosystem of the United States" 8 results (0.17 seconds)
"the ecosystems of the United States" About 1,910,000 results (0.18 seconds)
"the ecosystems of the united states" site:.gov About 83,200 results (0.27 seconds)
"the ecosystem of the United States" site:.gov 3 results (0.36 seconds)
Ecosystem, organisms living in a particular environment, such as a forest or a coral reef, and the physical parts of the environment that affect them. The term ecosystem was coined in 1935 by the British ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley, who described natural systems in “constant interchange” among their living and nonliving parts.
The ecosystem concept fits into an ordered view of nature that was developed by scientists to simplify the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, a field known as ecology. At the top of the hierarchy is the planet’s entire living environment, known as the biosphere. Within this biosphere are several large categories of living communities known as biomes that are usually characterized by their dominant vegetation, such as grasslands, tropical forests, or deserts. The biomes are in turn made up of ecosystems. The living, or biotic, parts of an ecosystem, such as the plants, animals, and bacteria found in soil, are known as a community. The physical surroundings, or abiotic components, such as the minerals found in the soil, are known as the environment or habitat. －Encarta Encyclopedia
五、“思想理论”
在 中文里，思想和理论有联系又有区别。比如毛泽东在《反对自由主义》和《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》都提到开展“思想斗争”，平时我们也常提到“做思 想政治工作”，这些地方的思想显然不能用theoretical（理论）来表达。加强党的“思想理论建设”不单是与theory有关，而且与 beliefs,values,ideals（ideology)有关。有这样的说法：做思想工作要“动之以情，晓之以理”，后面的理也许可用 theory，前面的情就肯定不是theoretical。
江泽民：“我提出宣传思想战线要以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。”这四个方面都是思想政治工作的内容，后面三项不能用theory来概括。
ideology 在英文中的确用在负面意义的语境中比较多，但是也有用在正面的。比如美国总统卡特在1981年的国情咨文中谈拉美和加勒比地区情况时说：We have respected ideological diversity and opposed outside intervention in purely internal affairs.2006年布什总统在国情咨文中谈到反恐时说： This war is more than a clash of arms -- it is a decisive ideological struggle, and the security of our nation is in the balance. 他在2008年的国情咨文中又说：We are engaged in the defining ideological struggle of the 21st century. 用什么来进行这场斗争？显然只有用ideas,ideological weapons。
Ideological Culture
In every society, culturally unique ways of thinking about the world unite people in their behavior.
In every society, culturally unique ways of thinking about the world unite people in their behavior. Anthropologists often refer to the body of ideas that people share as ideology. Ideology can be broken down into at least three specific categories: beliefs, values, and ideals. People’s beliefs give them an understanding of how the world works and how they should respond to the actions of others and their environments. Particular beliefs often tie in closely with the daily concerns of domestic life, such as making a living, health and sickness, happiness and sadness, interpersonal relationships, and death. People’s values tell them the differences between right and wrong or good and bad. Ideals serve as models for what people hope to achieve in life. - Encarta Encyclopedia
这个问题值得继续讨论。
六、“台独”分裂图谋
secession 在香港特别行政区基本法里用，后来又专门制定反分裂国家法 Anti-Secession Law，其正当性应该没有疑问。从词典里和网上看，secession都并不是只限于指美国的南北战争，其他国家和地区也适用。报告中两次用分 裂，secessionist和separatist都用是不是好些？
柯林斯高级英语学习词典第5版
Secessionists are people who want their region or group to become separate from the country or larger group to which it belongs.
...Lithuanian secessionists...
王平兴 2012.12.
朱英璜
Dec 24, 2012, 6:13:33 AM12/24/12
to ta...@googlegroups.com
老王：
您的认真和严谨的治学态度令人感动！
您的一些意见很好，明天开会讨论时可以尽管提出来，大家也是个学习过程。
谢谢你了！
朱英璜
-----原始邮件-----
发件人: "pingxing wang" <wangpi...@gmail.com>
发送时间: 2012年12月24日 星期一
收件人: tacce <ta...@googlegroups.com>
抄送:
主题: 关于另外几个词语的翻译
关于几个词语的翻译
主要矛盾；经济发展方式；体制机制障碍；思想理论；生态系统；“台独”分裂
一、“主要矛盾”
“我们必须清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变。”
译文：We must be soberly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so. This basic condition of China has not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, how we can meet the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people with backward social production; nor has China’s international position as the largest developing country in the world.
回来后，我又仔细琢磨这段译文，觉得“人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变”，是说这一矛盾仍然是社会主要矛盾这个“事实”没有变，主要矛盾还没有解决，不是问题本身没变，而是它作为社会主要问题这个事实没变。译文the principal problem...has not changed中problem与change搭配，读者会不会理解为这个问题一直没有变化？问题没解决，但是一直在努力解决之中，变化还是有的，而且有很大变化。用has yet been solved好像比has not changed好些？中文三个排比，英文很难保留，实际上现在的译文结构与中文也不同。
我还是觉得contradiction一词有时候还是可以用的。泛泛讨论社会管理方面的“社会矛盾”（指各方面的利益冲突），用problems比contradictions好，而讨论社会的主要矛盾和次要矛盾，用contradiction显得很自然。具体到这个句子，可能problem与contradiction都用上更好。下面是美国宇航局网站的用例：
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/appel/ask-academy/issues/volume1/AA_1-10_F_inventive.html
Can the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Help You?
What's the contradiction in the problem you're trying to solve? The Theory of Inventing Problem Solving (TRIZ) may help you find the answer.
Every invention is a proposed solution to a contradiction. A coffee mug needs to keep liquids hot on the inside while remaining cool enough to touch on the outside.1 Contradictions like these are the essence of engineering tradeoffs, and they are familiar to anyone who devises solutions to problems, from a rocket scientist to a cosmetics package designer. The best answer, of course, is one that requires no compromise to solve the contradiction. That is an invention.
试改： Nor has the state of (状况、地位）the principal problem in our society - the contradiction between ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and backward social production;...
二、“经济发展方式”
为了推进又好又快发展，2007年9月，在亚太经合组织商业峰会上的演讲中，胡锦涛首次提出转变经济发展方式的概念。10月，中共十七大将加快转变经济发展方式确立为国家战略。12月，在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员学习贯彻党的十七大精神研讨班上，胡锦涛说：“由转变经济增长方式到转变经济发展方式，虽然只是两个字的改动，但却有着十分深刻的内涵。转变经济发展方式，除了涵盖转变经济增长方式的全部内容外，还对经济发展的理念、目的、战略、途径等提出了新的更高的要求。我们要正确处理好和快的关系，坚持好字优先，加快形成符合科学发展观要求的发展方式。”－中国网：“科学发展 辉煌十年”系列稿件之九 加快转变经济发展方式的战略抉择与可喜进展
中文里面，有两个概念从“经济增长方式”转变到“经济发展方式”，后者涵盖前者，而且有更高要求。英译只用growth model，如果要解释转变的过程就会有困难。
查google，“economic development patterns”（不是 the pattern of economic development)例子很多，美国政府网站也有不少。
google结果：
"economic development patterns" site:.gov About 368,000 results (0.27 seconds)
"growth model" site:.gov About 40,200 results (0.14 seconds)
如果前面用change economic development patterns (即：要促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依靠第二产业带动向依靠第一、第二、第三产业协同带动转变，由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变,三个patterns)，然后形成新的growth model，这样是不是更好些？
三、“体制机制障碍”
systemic barrier是简洁，可能不太确切。systemic是“系统的”“全身的”。体制机制，我理解是systems和mechanisms两者都有。
Synonyms: obstacle, obstruction, bar, barrier, block, hindrance, impediment, snag
All of these nouns refer to something that prevents action or slows progress. Obstacle applies to something that stands in the way: We combat obstacles in order to get repose (Henry Adams).
An obstruction makes passage or progress difficult: A sandbar is an obstruction to navigation.
Bar and barrier suggest an obstruction that confines or prevents exit or entry: Tyranny may always enterthere is no charm, no bar against itthe only bar against it is a large resolute breed of men (Walt Whitman).... -AHD
似乎用obstacle比barrier要好些？把 systemic barriers改为 institutional obstacles?
报告的另外一处说“体制机制弊端”似译 defects of some systems and mechanisms 为好。
四、生态系统
生态系统 the ecosystems 即使是指一个国家的总的生态系统，也宜用复数。联合国气候变化框架公约中，八处ecosystem全都以ecosystems出现。生物多样性公约13 处,12处为ecosystems，只有下定义的一处用"ecosystem"。
"the ecosystem of the United States" 8 results (0.17 seconds)
"the ecosystems of the United States" About 1,910,000 results (0.18 seconds)
"the ecosystems of the united states" site:.gov About 83,200 results (0.27 seconds)
"the ecosystem of the United States" site:.gov 3 results (0.36 seconds)
Ecosystem, organisms living in a particular environment, such as a forest or a coral reef, and the physical parts of the environment that affect them. The term ecosystem was coined in 1935 by the British ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley, who described natural systems in “constant interchange” among their living and nonliving parts.
The ecosystem concept fits into an ordered view of nature that was developed by scientists to simplify the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical environment, a field known as ecology. At the top of the hierarchy is the planet’s entire living environment, known as the biosphere. Within this biosphere are several large categories of living communities known as biomes that are usually characterized by their dominant vegetation, such as grasslands, tropical forests, or deserts. The biomes are in turn made up of ecosystems. The living, or biotic, parts of an ecosystem, such as the plants, animals, and bacteria found in soil, are known as a community. The physical surroundings, or abiotic components, such as the minerals found in the soil, are known as the environment or habitat. －Encarta Encyclopedia
五、“思想理论”
在中文里，思想和理论有联系又有区别。比如毛泽东在《反对自由主义》和《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》都提到开展“思想斗争”，平时我们也常提到“做思想政治工作”，这些地方的思想显然不能用theoretical（理论）来表达。加强党的“思想理论建设”不单是与theory有关，而且与 beliefs,values,ideals（ideology)有关。有这样的说法：做思想工作要“动之以情，晓之以理”，后面的理也许可用 theory，前面的情就肯定不是theoretical。
江泽民：“我提出宣传思想战线要以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。”这四个方面都是思想政治工作的内容，后面三项不能用theory来概括。
ideology 在英文中的确用在负面意义的语境中比较多，但是也有用在正面的。比如美国总统卡特在1981年的国情咨文中谈拉美和加勒比地区情况时说：We have respected ideological diversity and opposed outside intervention in purely internal affairs.2006年布什总统在国情咨文中谈到反恐时说： This war is more than a clash of arms -- it is a decisive ideological struggle, and the security of our nation is in the balance. 他在2008年的国情咨文中又说：We are engaged in the defining ideological struggle of the 21st century. 用什么来进行这场斗争？显然只有用ideas,ideological weapons。
Ideological Culture
In every society, culturally unique ways of thinking about the world unite people in their behavior.
In every society, culturally unique ways of thinking about the world unite people in their behavior. Anthropologists often refer to the body of ideas that people share as ideology. Ideology can be broken down into at least three specific categories: beliefs, values, and ideals. People’s beliefs give them an understanding of how the world works and how they should respond to the actions of others and their environments. Particular beliefs often tie in closely with the daily concerns of domestic life, such as making a living, health and sickness, happiness and sadness, interpersonal relationships, and death. People’s values tell them the differences between right and wrong or good and bad. Ideals serve as models for what people hope to achieve in life. - Encarta Encyclopedia
这个问题值得继续讨论。
六、“台独”分裂图谋
secession 在香港特别行政区基本法里用，后来又专门制定反分裂国家法 Anti-Secession Law，其正当性应该没有疑问。从词典里和网上看，secession都并不是只限于指美国的南北战争，其他国家和地区也适用。报告中两次用分裂，secessionist和separatist都用是不是好些？
柯林斯高级英语学习词典第5版
Secessionists are people who want their region or group to become separate from the country or larger group to which it belongs.
...Lithuanian secessionists...
王平兴 2012.12.
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