[syzbot] [net?] [virt?] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context in __bpf_stream_push_str

[syzbot]

Hello,

syzbot found the following issue on:

HEAD commit: 559e608c4655 Merge tag 'ntfs3_for_6.19' of https://github...
git tree: upstream
console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=164fdcc2580000
kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=74c2ec4187efdce
dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=b1546ad4a95331b2101e
compiler: Debian clang version 20.1.8 (++20250708063551+0c9f909b7976-1~exp1~20250708183702.136), Debian LLD 20.1.8
syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=1446301a580000
C reproducer: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.c?x=112c3f42580000

Downloadable assets:
disk image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/7d28798cb263/disk-559e608c.raw.xz
vmlinux: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/239e800627b8/vmlinux-559e608c.xz
kernel image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/e89da2cc9887/bzImage-559e608c.xz

The issue was bisected to:

commit 0db4941d9dae159d887e7e2eac7e54e60c3aac87
Author: Fushuai Wang <wangf...@baidu.com>
Date: Tue Oct 7 07:40:11 2025 +0000

bpf: Use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate in bpf_sk_storage.c

bisection log: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=10cd3c1a580000
final oops: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/report.txt?x=12cd3c1a580000
console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=14cd3c1a580000

IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
Reported-by: syzbot+b1546a...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 0db4941d9dae ("bpf: Use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate in bpf_sk_storage.c")

BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48
in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 6128, name: syz.3.73
preempt_count: 2, expected: 0
RCU nest depth: 1, expected: 1
3 locks held by syz.3.73/6128:
#0: ffff8880493da398 (sk_lock-AF_VSOCK){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: lock_sock include/net/sock.h:1700 [inline]
#0: ffff8880493da398 (sk_lock-AF_VSOCK){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: vsock_connect+0x152/0xd40 net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c:1546
#1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline]
#1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:867 [inline]
#1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: __bpf_trace_run kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2074 [inline]
#1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: bpf_trace_run9+0x1ec/0x510 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2123
#2: ffff8880b893fd48 (&s->lock_key#14){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_rt.h:44 [inline]
#2: ffff8880b893fd48 (&s->lock_key#14){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: ___slab_alloc+0x12f/0x1400 mm/slub.c:4516
Preemption disabled at:
[<ffffffff82179f5a>] class_preempt_constructor include/linux/preempt.h:468 [inline]
[<ffffffff82179f5a>] __migrate_enable include/linux/sched.h:2378 [inline]
[<ffffffff82179f5a>] migrate_enable include/linux/sched.h:2429 [inline]
[<ffffffff82179f5a>] __slab_alloc+0xea/0x1f0 mm/slub.c:4777
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6128 Comm: syz.3.73 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT_{RT,(full)}
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
__might_resched+0x44b/0x5d0 kernel/sched/core.c:8830
__rt_spin_lock kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48 [inline]
rt_spin_lock+0xc7/0x3e0 kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:57
spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_rt.h:44 [inline]
___slab_alloc+0x12f/0x1400 mm/slub.c:4516
__slab_alloc+0xc6/0x1f0 mm/slub.c:4774
__slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4850 [inline]
kmalloc_nolock_noprof+0x1be/0x440 mm/slub.c:5729
bpf_stream_elem_alloc kernel/bpf/stream.c:33 [inline]
__bpf_stream_push_str+0xa8/0x2b0 kernel/bpf/stream.c:50
bpf_stream_stage_printk+0x14e/0x1c0 kernel/bpf/stream.c:306
bpf_prog_report_may_goto_violation+0xc4/0x190 kernel/bpf/core.c:3203
bpf_check_timed_may_goto+0xaa/0xb0 kernel/bpf/core.c:3221
arch_bpf_timed_may_goto+0x21/0x40 arch/x86/net/bpf_timed_may_goto.S:40
bpf_prog_262a74d054ad2993+0x53/0x5f
bpf_dispatcher_nop_func include/linux/bpf.h:1376 [inline]
__bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:730 [inline]
__bpf_trace_run kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2075 [inline]
bpf_trace_run9+0x2de/0x510 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2123
__bpf_trace_virtio_transport_alloc_pkt+0x2d7/0x340 include/trace/events/vsock_virtio_transport_common.h:39
__do_trace_virtio_transport_alloc_pkt include/trace/events/vsock_virtio_transport_common.h:39 [inline]
trace_virtio_transport_alloc_pkt include/trace/events/vsock_virtio_transport_common.h:39 [inline]
virtio_transport_alloc_skb+0x10af/0x1110 net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c:311
virtio_transport_send_pkt_info+0x694/0x10b0 net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c:390
virtio_transport_connect+0xa7/0x100 net/vmw_vsock/virtio_transport_common.c:1072
vsock_connect+0xaca/0xd40 net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c:1611
__sys_connect_file net/socket.c:2080 [inline]
__sys_connect+0x323/0x450 net/socket.c:2099
__do_sys_connect net/socket.c:2105 [inline]
__se_sys_connect net/socket.c:2102 [inline]
__x64_sys_connect+0x7a/0x90 net/socket.c:2102
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f0c4d91f749
Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007ffd8ed26ac8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002a
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f0c4db75fa0 RCX: 00007f0c4d91f749
RDX: 0000000000000010 RSI: 0000200000000080 RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00007f0c4d9a3f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f0c4db75fa0 R14: 00007f0c4db75fa0 R15: 0000000000000003
</TASK>


---
This report is generated by a bot. It may contain errors.
See https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ for more information about syzbot.
syzbot engineers can be reached at syzk...@googlegroups.com.

syzbot will keep track of this issue. See:
https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#status for how to communicate with syzbot.
For information about bisection process see: https://goo.gl/tpsmEJ#bisection

If the report is already addressed, let syzbot know by replying with:
#syz fix: exact-commit-title

If you want syzbot to run the reproducer, reply with:
#syz test: git://repo/address.git branch-or-commit-hash
If you attach or paste a git patch, syzbot will apply it before testing.

If you want to overwrite report's subsystems, reply with:
#syz set subsystems: new-subsystem
(See the list of subsystem names on the web dashboard)

If the report is a duplicate of another one, reply with:
#syz dup: exact-subject-of-another-report

If you want to undo deduplication, reply with:
#syz undup

[Vlastimil Babka]

On 12/8/25 12:21, syzbot wrote:
> Hello,
>
> syzbot found the following issue on:
>
> HEAD commit: 559e608c4655 Merge tag 'ntfs3_for_6.19' of https://github...
> git tree: upstream
> console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=164fdcc2580000
> kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=74c2ec4187efdce
> dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=b1546ad4a95331b2101e
> compiler: Debian clang version 20.1.8 (++20250708063551+0c9f909b7976-1~exp1~20250708183702.136), Debian LLD 20.1.8
> syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=1446301a580000
> C reproducer: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.c?x=112c3f42580000
>
> Downloadable assets:
> disk image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/7d28798cb263/disk-559e608c.raw.xz
> vmlinux: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/239e800627b8/vmlinux-559e608c.xz
> kernel image: https://storage.googleapis.com/syzbot-assets/e89da2cc9887/bzImage-559e608c.xz

> The issue was bisected to:
>
> commit 0db4941d9dae159d887e7e2eac7e54e60c3aac87
> Author: Fushuai Wang <wangf...@baidu.com>
> Date: Tue Oct 7 07:40:11 2025 +0000
>
> bpf: Use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate in bpf_sk_storage.c

(came here because reviewing a proposed fix:
https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251219085755.13984...@gmail.com/
)

The bisection result seem weird to me, it changes some usages of
migrate_disable(); + rcu_read_lock(); to rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate();
However with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y which the syzbot .config has, this should
be equivalent? (Also I'm not sure the affected paths are even in the backtrace?)

In either case with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=y, rcu_read_lock() should not be
disabling preemption?

>
> bisection log: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=10cd3c1a580000
> final oops: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/report.txt?x=12cd3c1a580000
> console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=14cd3c1a580000
>
> IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
> Reported-by: syzbot+b1546a...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
> Fixes: 0db4941d9dae ("bpf: Use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate in bpf_sk_storage.c")
>
> BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48
> in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 6128, name: syz.3.73
> preempt_count: 2, expected: 0
> RCU nest depth: 1, expected: 1
> 3 locks held by syz.3.73/6128:
> #0: ffff8880493da398 (sk_lock-AF_VSOCK){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: lock_sock include/net/sock.h:1700 [inline]
> #0: ffff8880493da398 (sk_lock-AF_VSOCK){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: vsock_connect+0x152/0xd40 net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c:1546
> #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline]
> #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:867 [inline]
> #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: __bpf_trace_run kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2074 [inline]
> #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: bpf_trace_run9+0x1ec/0x510 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2123
> #2: ffff8880b893fd48 (&s->lock_key#14){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_rt.h:44 [inline]
> #2: ffff8880b893fd48 (&s->lock_key#14){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: ___slab_alloc+0x12f/0x1400 mm/slub.c:4516
> Preemption disabled at:
> [<ffffffff82179f5a>] class_preempt_constructor include/linux/preempt.h:468 [inline]
> [<ffffffff82179f5a>] __migrate_enable include/linux/sched.h:2378 [inline]
> [<ffffffff82179f5a>] migrate_enable include/linux/sched.h:2429 [inline]
> [<ffffffff82179f5a>] __slab_alloc+0xea/0x1f0 mm/slub.c:4777

Wait, so it's slab code itself disabling preemption, in migrate_enable()?
But there's guard(preempt)(); so it should be enabled again.

Or is it the limitation of the reporting, that it doesn't know which
preemptions were re-enabled and which not?

[Steven Rostedt]

Correct.

>
> >
> > bisection log: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/bisect.txt?x=10cd3c1a580000
> > final oops: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/report.txt?x=12cd3c1a580000
> > console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=14cd3c1a580000
> >
> > IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
> > Reported-by: syzbot+b1546a...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
> > Fixes: 0db4941d9dae ("bpf: Use rcu_read_lock_dont_migrate in bpf_sk_storage.c")
> >
> > BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/spinlock_rt.c:48
> > in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 6128, name: syz.3.73
> > preempt_count: 2, expected: 0
> > RCU nest depth: 1, expected: 1
> > 3 locks held by syz.3.73/6128:
> > #0: ffff8880493da398 (sk_lock-AF_VSOCK){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: lock_sock include/net/sock.h:1700 [inline]
> > #0: ffff8880493da398 (sk_lock-AF_VSOCK){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: vsock_connect+0x152/0xd40 net/vmw_vsock/af_vsock.c:1546
> > #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline]
> > #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:867 [inline]
> > #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: __bpf_trace_run kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2074 [inline]
> > #1: ffffffff8d5aeba0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: bpf_trace_run9+0x1ec/0x510 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2123
> > #2: ffff8880b893fd48 (&s->lock_key#14){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_rt.h:44 [inline]
> > #2: ffff8880b893fd48 (&s->lock_key#14){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: ___slab_alloc+0x12f/0x1400 mm/slub.c:4516
> > Preemption disabled at:
> > [<ffffffff82179f5a>] class_preempt_constructor include/linux/preempt.h:468 [inline]

I think the above is the culprit. But useless because we care about who
called it.

> > [<ffffffff82179f5a>] __migrate_enable include/linux/sched.h:2378 [inline]
> > [<ffffffff82179f5a>] migrate_enable include/linux/sched.h:2429 [inline]
> > [<ffffffff82179f5a>] __slab_alloc+0xea/0x1f0 mm/slub.c:4777
>
> Wait, so it's slab code itself disabling preemption, in migrate_enable()?
> But there's guard(preempt)(); so it should be enabled again.

Yeah, I think the migrate_enable() is a red herring, and it doesn't detect
that preemption was enabled again.

This is a tracepoint, which means it was called with preemption disabled:

#define __DECLARE_TRACE(name, proto, args, cond, data_proto) \
__DECLARE_TRACE_COMMON(name, PARAMS(proto), PARAMS(args), PARAMS(data_proto)) \
static inline void __do_trace_##name(proto) \
{ \
TRACEPOINT_CHECK(name) \
if (cond) { \
guard(preempt_notrace)(); \
__DO_TRACE_CALL(name, TP_ARGS(args)); \

The tracepoint callback is called here (with preemption disabled).

} \
}

There's a patch to fix this for RT, but I wasn't planning on sending it
until the next merge window:

https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20251216120...@gandalf.local.home/

-- Steve