UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in load_balance

[syzbot]

Hello,

syzbot found the following issue on:

HEAD commit: bc085f8f Add linux-next specific files for 20210121
git tree: linux-next
console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=10b71a2cd00000
kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=1224bbf217b0bec8
dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=d7581744d5fd27c9fbe1
compiler: gcc (GCC) 10.1.0-syz 20200507

Unfortunately, I don't have any reproducer for this issue yet.

IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
Reported-by: syzbot+d75817...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com

================================================================================
UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in kernel/sched/fair.c:7741:14
shift exponent 86 is too large for 64-bit type 'long unsigned int'
CPU: 1 PID: 13261 Comm: kworker/u4:13 Not tainted 5.11.0-rc4-next-20210121-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Workqueue: krdsd rds_tcp_accept_worker
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:79 [inline]
dump_stack+0x107/0x163 lib/dump_stack.c:120
ubsan_epilogue+0xb/0x5a lib/ubsan.c:148
__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds.cold+0xb1/0x181 lib/ubsan.c:395
detach_tasks kernel/sched/fair.c:7741 [inline]
load_balance.cold+0x1d/0x2e kernel/sched/fair.c:9670
rebalance_domains+0x5cc/0xdb0 kernel/sched/fair.c:10058
__do_softirq+0x2bc/0xa29 kernel/softirq.c:343
asm_call_irq_on_stack+0xf/0x20
</IRQ>
__run_on_irqstack arch/x86/include/asm/irq_stack.h:26 [inline]
run_on_irqstack_cond arch/x86/include/asm/irq_stack.h:77 [inline]
do_softirq_own_stack+0xaa/0xd0 arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c:77
do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:246 [inline]
do_softirq+0xb5/0xe0 kernel/softirq.c:233
__local_bh_enable_ip+0xf4/0x110 kernel/softirq.c:196
local_bh_enable include/linux/bottom_half.h:32 [inline]
rcu_read_unlock_bh include/linux/rcupdate.h:745 [inline]
ip_finish_output2+0x88b/0x21b0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:231
__ip_finish_output net/ipv4/ip_output.c:308 [inline]
__ip_finish_output+0x396/0x640 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:290
ip_finish_output+0x35/0x200 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:318
NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:290 [inline]
ip_output+0x196/0x310 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:432
dst_output include/net/dst.h:441 [inline]
ip_local_out net/ipv4/ip_output.c:126 [inline]
__ip_queue_xmit+0x8e9/0x1a00 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:532
__tcp_transmit_skb+0x188c/0x38f0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1405
tcp_transmit_skb net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1423 [inline]
tcp_write_xmit+0xde7/0x6140 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:2689
__tcp_push_pending_frames+0xaa/0x390 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:2869
tcp_send_fin+0x117/0xbb0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3426
tcp_shutdown net/ipv4/tcp.c:2636 [inline]
tcp_shutdown+0x127/0x170 net/ipv4/tcp.c:2621
inet_shutdown+0x1a8/0x430 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:890
rds_tcp_accept_one+0x5e0/0xc10 net/rds/tcp_listen.c:214
rds_tcp_accept_worker+0x50/0x80 net/rds/tcp.c:515
process_one_work+0x98d/0x15f0 kernel/workqueue.c:2275
worker_thread+0x64c/0x1120 kernel/workqueue.c:2421
kthread+0x3b1/0x4a0 kernel/kthread.c:292
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:296
================================================================================


---
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[syzbot]

syzbot has found a reproducer for the following issue on:

HEAD commit: 31caf8b2 Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/..
git tree: upstream
console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=16ab2682d00000
kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=b81388f0b32761d4
dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=d7581744d5fd27c9fbe1
syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=1277457f500000

IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
Reported-by: syzbot+d75817...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com

================================================================================

UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in kernel/sched/fair.c:7712:14
shift exponent 149 is too large for 64-bit type 'long unsigned int'
CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: ksoftirqd/0 Not tainted 5.11.0-syzkaller #0

Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011

Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:79 [inline]
dump_stack+0xfa/0x151 lib/dump_stack.c:120

ubsan_epilogue+0xb/0x5a lib/ubsan.c:148
__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds.cold+0xb1/0x181 lib/ubsan.c:395

detach_tasks kernel/sched/fair.c:7712 [inline]
load_balance.cold+0x1d/0x2e kernel/sched/fair.c:9641
rebalance_domains+0x5cc/0xdb0 kernel/sched/fair.c:10029
__do_softirq+0x29b/0x9f6 kernel/softirq.c:343
run_ksoftirqd kernel/softirq.c:650 [inline]
run_ksoftirqd+0x2d/0x60 kernel/softirq.c:642
smpboot_thread_fn+0x655/0x9e0 kernel/smpboot.c:165
kthread+0x3b1/0x4a0 kernel/kthread.c:292
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:294
================================================================================
Kernel panic - not syncing: panic_on_warn set ...
CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: ksoftirqd/0 Not tainted 5.11.0-syzkaller #0

Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011

Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:79 [inline]
dump_stack+0xfa/0x151 lib/dump_stack.c:120
panic+0x306/0x73d kernel/panic.c:231
ubsan_epilogue+0x54/0x5a lib/ubsan.c:162
__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds.cold+0xb1/0x181 lib/ubsan.c:395
detach_tasks kernel/sched/fair.c:7712 [inline]
load_balance.cold+0x1d/0x2e kernel/sched/fair.c:9641
rebalance_domains+0x5cc/0xdb0 kernel/sched/fair.c:10029
__do_softirq+0x29b/0x9f6 kernel/softirq.c:343
run_ksoftirqd kernel/softirq.c:650 [inline]
run_ksoftirqd+0x2d/0x60 kernel/softirq.c:642
smpboot_thread_fn+0x655/0x9e0 kernel/smpboot.c:165
kthread+0x3b1/0x4a0 kernel/kthread.c:292
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:294

======================================================

[Valentin Schneider]

+Vincent

On 22/02/21 09:12, syzbot wrote:
> syzbot has found a reproducer for the following issue on:
>
> HEAD commit: 31caf8b2 Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/..
> git tree: upstream
> console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=16ab2682d00000
> kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=b81388f0b32761d4
> dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=d7581744d5fd27c9fbe1
> syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=1277457f500000
>
> IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
> Reported-by: syzbot+d75817...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
>
> ================================================================================
> UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in kernel/sched/fair.c:7712:14
> shift exponent 149 is too large for 64-bit type 'long unsigned int'

That 149 is surprising.

sd->cache_nice_tries is \in {1, 2}, and sd->nr_balanced_failed should be in
the same ballpark.

A successful load_balance() resets it to 0; a failed one increments
it. Once it gets to sd->cache_nice_tries + 3, this should trigger an active
balance, which will either set it to sd->cache_nice_tries+1 or reset it to
0. There is this one condition that could let it creep up uncontrollably:

/*
* Don't kick the active_load_balance_cpu_stop,
* if the curr task on busiest CPU can't be
* moved to this_cpu:
*/
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(this_cpu, busiest->curr->cpus_ptr)) {
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&busiest->lock,
flags);
goto out_one_pinned;
}

So despite the resulting sd->balance_interval increase, repeatedly hitting
this might yield the above. Would we then want something like this?

---
diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index 8a8bd7b13634..b65c24b5ae91 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -7422,6 +7422,11 @@ struct lb_env {
struct list_head tasks;
};

+static inline unsigned int sd_balance_failed_cap(struct sched_domain *sd)
+{
+ return sd->cache_nice_tries + 3;
+}
+
/*
* Is this task likely cache-hot:
*/
@@ -9493,7 +9498,7 @@ imbalanced_active_balance(struct lb_env *env)
* threads on a system with spare capacity
*/
if ((env->migration_type == migrate_task) &&
- (sd->nr_balance_failed > sd->cache_nice_tries+2))
+ (sd->nr_balance_failed >= sd_balance_failed_cap(sd)))
return 1;

return 0;
@@ -9737,8 +9742,10 @@ static int load_balance(int this_cpu, struct rq *this_rq,
* frequent, pollute the failure counter causing
* excessive cache_hot migrations and active balances.
*/
- if (idle != CPU_NEWLY_IDLE)
- sd->nr_balance_failed++;
+ if (idle != CPU_NEWLY_IDLE) {
+ sd->nr_balance_failed = min(sd->nr_balance_failed + 1,
+ sd_balance_failed_cap(sd));
+ }

if (need_active_balance(&env)) {
unsigned long flags;

[Vincent Guittot]

On Tue, 23 Feb 2021 at 13:03, Valentin Schneider
<valentin....@arm.com> wrote:
>
>
> +Vincent
>
> On 22/02/21 09:12, syzbot wrote:
> > syzbot has found a reproducer for the following issue on:
> >
> > HEAD commit: 31caf8b2 Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/..
> > git tree: upstream
> > console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=16ab2682d00000
> > kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=b81388f0b32761d4
> > dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=d7581744d5fd27c9fbe1
> > syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=1277457f500000
> >
> > IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
> > Reported-by: syzbot+d75817...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
> >
> > ================================================================================
> > UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in kernel/sched/fair.c:7712:14
> > shift exponent 149 is too large for 64-bit type 'long unsigned int'
>
> That 149 is surprising.

Yes, surprising. But is it really a problem in itself ? shifting left
would be a problem because of the overflow but here we shift right to
divide and the result is correct

Beside this, it seems that a significant number of previous attempts
to balance load has been done with another migration_type otherwise it
would have raised a problem earlier (at 65) if previous LB were also
migration_load. It would be good to understand why the 148 previous
ones failed

nr_balance_failed is an interesting metric that we want to monitor
sometimes and we would like to be able to divide higher than
2^(sd->cache_nice_tries + 3).

If we really want to prevent out of bound shift, The below is more
appropriate IMO:

index 636741fa27c9..4d0b3fa30849 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -7707,7 +7707,7 @@ static int detach_tasks(struct lb_env *env)
* migrate.
*/

- if ((load >> env->sd->nr_balance_failed) >
env->imbalance)
+ if ((load >> min_t(int,
env->sd->nr_balance_failed, BITS_PER_LONG)) > env->imbalance)
goto next;

env->imbalance -= load;

[Valentin Schneider]

On 23/02/21 14:45, Vincent Guittot wrote:
> On Tue, 23 Feb 2021 at 13:03, Valentin Schneider
> <valentin....@arm.com> wrote:
>>
>>
>> +Vincent
>>
>> On 22/02/21 09:12, syzbot wrote:
>> > syzbot has found a reproducer for the following issue on:
>> >
>> > HEAD commit: 31caf8b2 Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/..
>> > git tree: upstream
>> > console output: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/log.txt?x=16ab2682d00000
>> > kernel config: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/.config?x=b81388f0b32761d4
>> > dashboard link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=d7581744d5fd27c9fbe1
>> > syz repro: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/x/repro.syz?x=1277457f500000
>> >
>> > IMPORTANT: if you fix the issue, please add the following tag to the commit:
>> > Reported-by: syzbot+d75817...@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
>> >
>> > ================================================================================
>> > UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in kernel/sched/fair.c:7712:14
>> > shift exponent 149 is too large for 64-bit type 'long unsigned int'
>>
>> That 149 is surprising.
>
> Yes, surprising. But is it really a problem in itself ? shifting left
> would be a problem because of the overflow but here we shift right to
> divide and the result is correct
>

I would tend to think so, but the UB seems to apply regardless of the
shifting direction:

"""
If the value of the right operand is negative or is greater than or equal
to the width of the promoted left operand, the behavior is undefined.

From the UB definition above, sounds like we need to cap at

BITS_PER_TYPE(unsigned long) - 1

i.e. something like

#define shr_bound(val, shift) \
(val >> min_t(int, shift, BITS_PER_TYPE(val) - 1))