Rumänien
Marcus Strömberg
The General Direction for the Security of the People (Romanian initials:
DGSP, but more commonly just called the Securitate) was officially founded
on August 30, 1948 by Decree 221/30. However, it had effectively existed
since 1944, when communists began to infiltrate the Ministry of Internal
Affairs on a large scale. The Securitate was created by SMERSH, an NKVD
unit charged with demolishing existing intelligence agencies and replacing
them with Soviet-style bodies in the Soviet-occupied countries of Eastern
Europe. The SMERSH unit in Romania, called Brigada Mobilă, was led until
1948 by the NKVD colonel Boris Grünberg, also known in Romania as
Alexandru Nicolschi.
Its stated purpose was to "defend democratic conquests and guarantee the safety
of the Romanian Peoples' Republic against both internal and external
enemies."
The first Director of the Securitate was the NKVD general Panteleimon
Bondarenko, who used in Romania the name Gheorghe Pintilie, nicknamed Pantiuşa.
Alexandru Nicolschi (by then a general) and another Soviet officer, Major
General Vladimir Mazuru (born Mazurov), held the deputy directorships.
Wilhelm Einhorn was the first Securitate secretary.
Initially, many of the agents of the Securitate were former Royal Security
Police (named General Directorate of Safety Police—Direcţia Generală a
Poliţiei de Siguranţă in Romanian) members. However, before long,
Pantiuşa ordered anyone who had served the monarchy's police in any
capacity arrested, and in the places of the Royal Security Policemen, he
hired ardent members of the Communist Party, to ensure total loyalty
within the organisation.
The first budget of the Securitate in 1948 stipulated a number of 4,641
positions, out of which on February 11, 1949, 3,549 were filled: 64% were
workers, 4% peasants, 28% clerks, 2% persons of unspecified origin, and 2%
intellectuals.
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Marcus