Parshat Vayeshev – The Pivotal Pivot in Sefer Bereishit – פרשת וישב

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Simon Wolf

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Dec 12, 2025, 8:43:41 AM12/12/25
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Parshat Vayeshev

The Pivotal Pivot in Sefer Bereishit

Simon Wolf

After the sale of Yosef by the brothers, the Torah digresses to relate a story about Yehuda and his family (וַֽיְה֓י֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַה֓֔וא וַיֵּքרֶד יְהוּדָ֖ה ×žÖµ×ÖµÖ£×Ŗ אֶחָ֑יו) before returning to the narrative regarding Yosef.Ā  Those that adhere to the Ramban’s principle that the Torah records events in chronological order struggle to place this story where it is found in the Torah.[1]Ā  Yehuda could not have been more than three years older than Yosef, yet in the span of merely twenty-two years he fathers three children who themselves reach marriageable age, and then Yehuda has a set of twins through Tamar who have their own children before the whole family descends to Mitzrayim.[2]Ā  The Chizkuni, drawing on Seder Olam Rabba,[3] is only able to reconcile this conundrum by proposing that Yehuda’s children married at the age of seven.[4]Ā  Even if one were to adopt the view that the story appears out of chronological order (אין מוקדם ×•×ž××•×—×Ø בתורה), it would still provide challenging to account for all the elapsed time required for the events to transpire, however, the explanation would then be a little more palatable than if the story is found in chronological order.[5] Ā This possible solution would then precipitate the fundamental key question as to why does the Torah situate this story specifically out of sequence here.Ā  Rashi, citing the Midrash Chazal, suggests that the juxtaposition of this story to the sale of Yosef indicates that the demotion (וַיֵּרֶד) of Yehuda’s standing within the family was a direct consequence of the leadership role that he played in the selling of Yosef, which left their father grief-stricken and inconsolable.[6]Ā 

Ā 

The story of Yehuda and Tamar together with the language utilized (בֹּ֛א אֶל־אֵքשֶׁת ×Öø×—Ö“Ö–×™×šÖø וְיַבֵּ֣ם אֹתָ֑הּ ×•Ö°×”Öø×§ÖµÖ„× זֶ֖רַע ×œÖ°×Öø×—Ö“Ö½×™×šÖø) clearly evokes echoes of the Parsha of Yibum found in Sefer Devarim.[7]Ā  This theme is most fully developed by the Ramban, who speaks of the virtues of levirate marriage and its application pre-Matan Torah to a broader circle of family members.[8]Ā  Yehuda arranges the marriage of his eldest son, Er (עֵר), to a woman named Tamar.Ā  The Torah cryptically states that Er was ā€œevil in the eyes of God, and God killed him.ā€[9]Ā  Yehuda then instructs his second son, Onan (××•Ö¹× Öø×Ÿ), to perform a levirate marriage with his brother’s widow in order to provide an offspring on behalf of his deceased brother.Ā  Although Onan accedes to his father’s charge to marry his brother’s widow, he refuses to procreate with Tamar because he is unwilling to provide an offspring who would not be considered his own.Ā  That selfish stance is deemed ā€œevil in the eyes of God and God kills him as well.ā€[10]Ā  Yehuda is now left in a difficult predicament since he has already lost two children, seemingly because of their marriage to Tamar, and he is now faced with giving his youngest and lone remaining child from his deceased wife to Tamar in order to perform the expected levirate marriage.Ā  Yehuda is obviously hesitant, fearing that Shayla might suffer the same fate as his brothers. He therefore encourages Tamar to return to her father’s house where she should remain a widow until Shayla (×©×Öµ×œÖø×”) comes of age when it would be appropriate for him to marry Tamar.[11]Ā  The commentaries disagree as to whether Yehuda’s suggestion was sincere[12] or merely a ploy from the outset, a pretext to avoid having Shayla marry Tamar.[13]

Ā 

The Torah’s description of levirate marriage found in Parshat Ki Teitze contains three central components.[14]Ā  1) The widow of the deceased, childless brother may not marry another man without being released (לֹא ×ŖÖ“×”Ö°×™Ö¶×” אֵשֶׁת ×”Ö·×žÖ¼Öµ×Ŗ הַחוּצָה לְא֓ישׁ זָר); 2) One of the surviving brothers should marry the deceased brother’s widow (×•Ö¼×œÖ°×§Öø×—Öø×”Ö¼ לוֹ ×œÖ°×Ö“×©Ö¼×Öø×” ×•Ö°×™Ö“×‘Ö¼Ö°×žÖø×”Ö¼); and 3) the most important and the purpose underlying the other two requirements is that the firstborn child born of this union will succeed and perpetuate the deceased brother’s name in order that it not be obliterated from Yisrael (וְהָיָה הַבְּכוֹר אֲשֶׁר ×ŖÖ¼Öµ×œÖµ×“ ×™Öø×§×•Ö¼× עַל שֵׁם אָח֓יו ×”Ö·×žÖ¼Öµ×Ŗ וְלֹא ×™Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×—Ö¶×” שְׁמוֹ ×žÖ“×™Ö¼Ö“×©×‚Ö°×ØÖø×Öµ×œ).Ā  If the surviving brother is unwilling to fulfill these requirements, he has the option to forgo the levirate marriage by performing a public Chalitza ceremony that denigrates his choice not sustain his brother’s name (וְיָרְקָה בְּפָנָיו וְעָנְתָה ×•Ö°×Öø×žÖ°×ØÖø×” ×›Ö¼Öø×›Öø×” יֵעָשֶׂה ×œÖø×Ö“×™×©× אֲשֶׁר לֹא י֓בְנֶה אֶת בֵּית אָח֓יו) and thereby releases his brother’s widow to marry whomever she pleases.

Ā 

In the story of Yehuda and Tamar, Onan is asked by his father to perform the levirate marriage with his brother’s widow.Ā  He is willing to marry Tamar (accomplishing requirements 1 and 2), but refuses to provide offspring to his deceased brother (requirement 3).Ā  Unable to face his father’s disappointment or defy societal mores, Onan is unwilling to simply walk away from the situation by performing Chalitza.Ā  To save face, he therefore provides Tamar with a husband, but in the privacy of his home he wrongs his deceased brother, and maybe Tamar too, by denying him offspring.Ā  As a quid pro quo for his refusal to provide his brother a remnant, God takes his life and leaves him childless.Ā  When it is Shayla’s turn to perform the levirate marriage with Tamar, Yehuda demands of Tamar that she remain a widow in her father’s house (requirement 1).Ā  This arrangement allows him to maintain the faƧade of fulfilling his obligations to Tamar without having to take the actual risk of having her marry Shayla (requirement 2 and 3).Ā  As noted above, it is unclear what Yehuda’s true intent was, but the result is unmistakable.Ā  A long period of time elapses where Tamar remains tethered to the family, unable to remarry, and yet, even when Shayla reaches maturity, Yehuda never offers his son to Tamar as a husband (וַיּ֓רְבּוּ, ×”Ö·×™Ö¼Öø×žÖ“×™×...×›Ö¼Ö“×™ רָאֲתָה ×›Ö¼Ö“×™-×’Öø×“Ö·×œ ×©×Öµ×œÖø×” וְה֓וא לֹא-× Ö“×ŖÖ¼Ö°× Öø×” לוֹ ×œÖ°×Ö“×©Ö¼×Öø×”).

Ā 

Shayla’s name and place of birth may offer a subtle clue as to how the Torah views Yehuda’s conduct.[15]Ā  He is born in K’ziv (ב֓כְז֓יב) which derives from the root K.Z.V. (כזב) which connotes a falsehood, a lie or fallaciousness.Ā  Likewise, his name Shayla (×©×Öµ×œÖø×”) means to deceive, mislead or create an illusion of false security.Ā  Both of these words[16] appear in the story of Elisha and the Isha HaShunamit (Haftorah for Parshat Vayera).[17]Ā  The Isha HaShunamit generously extends herself and tends to Elisha’s needs and hosts him whenever he is in the area.Ā  In order to repay her kindness to him, Elisha asks the woman what she desires so that he can provide it for her.Ā  The woman eschews Elisha’s offer, responding that she is a woman of stature that lacks for nothing.Ā  After consulting with his aide Gechazi, Elisha realizes that the woman is childless and the only thing that this woman was in need of that Elisha could provide for her was an opportunity to bear offspring.Ā  When Elisha at first promises her a child, she responds in disbelief, ā€œDo not delude your maidservant (אַל תְּכַזֵּב ×‘Ö¼Ö°×©×Ö“×¤Ö°×—Öø×ŖÖ¶×šÖø).ā€[18]Ā  In the end, Elisha’s promise of a child comes to fruition, but after a number of years, tragically, her son passes away.Ā  Distraught, she travels to Elisha and bitterly reminds him, ā€œdid I ask for a child from my master, did I not tell you, do not mislead me (לֹא ×ŖÖ·×©×Ö°×œÖ¶×” אֹת֓י).ā€[19]Ā  Similarly, the word appears in the story where David HaMelech, the king of Yehuda, reaches an agreement with Avner, the general of the kingdom of the other tribes, to merge the kingdoms and appoint David as the king of the newly unified kingdom.[20]Ā  The treaty was reached in the absence of Yoav, the general of David’s army, and when Yoav returns from the battlefield and gets wind of the agreement, he is incensed.Ā  His anger might have been a result of, as Yoav expresses, his being suspicious of Avner’s motives.Ā  It also could have been driven by personal interest because he suspects that as a reward for his initiative in bringing the kingdoms together, David would appoint Avner as the general of the joint kingdom supplanting him.Ā  Lastly, his anger may have been precipitated by revenge since Yoav held a personal grudge against Avner ever since he had killed Yoav’s younger brother Asa’el.Ā  Therefore, Yoav, acting of his own volition, lures Avner back to Chevron, the capital city of Dovid’s kingdom, in order to kill him.Ā  Upon his return, he takes him aside into the gateway and speaks to him deceivingly or under a false pretense (×œÖ°×“Ö·×‘Ö¼ÖµÖ„×Ø א֓תּ֖וֹ בַּשֶּׁ֑ל֓י) in order to unsuspectingly entrap and kill him.[21]Ā  Against this backdrop, it is clear from the appearance of these words with regards to Shayla (כזב, שלה) in the story of Yehuda and Tamar that the Torah casts Yehuda’s behavior in a critical light.Ā  It is implicitly charging him with acting deceivingly towards Tamar while maintaining the outward appearance of fulfilling his obligations; pushing her away indefinitely with empty promises while giving a pretense of doing that which is moral and right towards Tamar, effectively cloaking his intentions in a veneer of propriety.

Ā 

After Adam and Chava partake of the fruit of the Etz Hada’at (עׄ הדעת), God appears to Adam and gently engages him in conversation by asking him his whereabouts.[22]Ā  Adam responds that he is hiding due to being afraid of God because he was naked.Ā  Ā After Adam’s admission, God then inquires, ā€œWho told you that you were naked?ā€ Finally, God poses the central question as to whether Adam had failed to adhere to God’s command not to eat from the tree, ā€œDid you eat from the tree which I forbade you to eat from?ā€[23]Ā  Surprisingly, Adam offers no mea culpa and does not accept responsibility for his disobedience.Ā  Instead, he instantly responds, ā€œThe woman who You gave to be at my side, she gave me from the tree and I ate it,ā€ pinning the blame on his wife.[24]Ā  God repeats the same exercise with the woman and she fares no better when she replies, ā€œThe serpent beguiled me and I ate.ā€[25]Ā  Rashi underscores that Adam’s statement indicated his ingratitude (כפוי טוב) since he assigns the culpability to God by declaringĀ  it was the ā€œwoman that You gave to be at my sideā€ who caused all this disobedience, effectively transforming God’s gift into the source of his downfall.[26]

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Taking his parent’s lead, a similar scenario unfolds after Kayin kills his brother Hevel.Ā  God asks Kayin as to where his brother Hevel could be found.Ā  Shirking all responsibility, Kayin offhandedly responds, ā€œI do not know, am I my brother’s keeper?!ā€[27]Ā  All of their responses, which evade any personal accountability, lead one to wonder whether each of them was genuinely surprised when God informs them of their respective punishments for what they had done wrong.Ā  Moreover, such deflection makes rectifying the misdeed exceedingly difficult since the first step in remediation is acknowledging wrongdoing.Ā  This abdication of personal responsibility will be a pronounced and recurring issue throughout Sefer Bereishit.

Ā 

Another story with notable similarities to the case of Yehuda and Tamar is the incident involving Lot and his two daughters.Ā  Both feature relationships that will be explicitly prohibited in Sefer Vayikra, yet in Sefer Bereishit, before the Torah is given, are portrayed as justified by dire circumstances and a broader understanding of levirate marriage.Ā  In this case, Lot’s daughters, in the aftermath of Sodom’s destruction, mistakenly believe that the entire world has been annihilated and that they and their father are humanity’s sole survivors.Ā  Operating under this false premise, they conclude that the only chance to preserve a future for humanity is to cohabit with their father.Ā  They intoxicate their father in order to facilitate this unseemly act.Ā  The Gemara commenting on the verse in Hoshea that states, ā€œFor the ways of God are just, the righteous will walk in them while the wicked will stumble in themā€[28] cites the incident of Lot and his daughters as being analogous with this Pasuk.[29]Ā  Accordingly, the Navi’s view of Lot versus his daughters is distinctly different despite the fact that they engaged in the same activity and ā€œwalkedā€ on the same path. Ā ā€œThey [Lot’s daughters] who intended for a Mitzva are a manifestation of ā€˜the righteous will walk in them,ā€™ā€ while ā€œhe [Lot] who intended for a transgression is an illustration of ā€˜the wicked will stumble in them.ā€™ā€Ā  In implicating Lot, the Gemara ascribes nefarious intent to Lot’s behavior, despite the fact that he was intoxicated throughout the whole affair.Ā  Even absent the Gemara’s explicit incriminations, it would seem that Lot’s silence is his undoing.Ā  Had he been willing to ā€œacknowledge, justify and dignifyā€ (להצדיק) the ennobled behavior of his daughters and to take responsibility for what had transpired then he might have been walking the same path as his daughters.Ā  Instead, he silently exits the stage of history under a cloud of incest.

Ā 

When Rivka gets wind of the fact that Yitzchak would like to bless Eisav, she jumps into action in order to secure the Beracha for Yaakov, who she thinks is the more befitting recipient (see Parshat Vayetze – Running from Confrontation).Ā  Yaakov is circumspect about his mother’s plan because he has smooth skin whereas his brother Eisav is hairy.[30]Ā  This difference could easily be discerned by his father’s heightened sense of touch (see Parshat Toldot – Making Sense of the Blessing) and that would cause the whole ruse to be uncovered.[31]

Ā 

What is so striking about the story is the reason that Yaakov professes his hesitancy in undertaking his mother’s plan.Ā  He confides to his mother that he is afraid of being discovered by his father as a deceiver which will result in his father cursing him rather than blessing him (וְהָי֓ית֓י בְעֵינָיו ×›Ö¼Ö“×žÖ°×ŖÖ·×¢Ö°×ŖÖ¼Öµ×¢Ö· וְהֵבֵאת֓י ×¢Öø×œÖ·×™ ×§Ö°×œÖø×œÖø×” וְלֹא בְרָכָה).Ā  Rivka assuages Yaakov’s fears by telling him that ā€œmy son, your curse is upon me (×¢Öø×œÖ·×™ ק֓לְלָתְךָ בְּנ֓י).ā€Ā  This reassurance suffices to entice Yaakov into implementing Rivka’s plan.Ā  While this interaction highlights Rivka’s fortitude, it does not necessarily reflect positively on Yaakov.Ā  Notably, it is interesting that Yaakov’s hesitancy with regards to his mother’s strategy entirely revolves around his being caught rather than with the methodology being employed.Ā  He does not express any moral reticence, but rather simply the fear of being exposed which would tarnish his image and land him with a curse.Ā  Moreover, what ultimately convinces Yaakov to carry through with the plan is his mother’s acceptance of responsibility for any negative outcome.Ā  This seems to suggest that Yaakov is willing to engage in deceit as long as he does not have to bear the weight of the possible consequences.Ā  If he truly believes his behavior is warranted, then he should be willing to accept the ramifications of his actions; if he thinks such an approach is unacceptable, then his mother’s pledge to shield him from the repercussions should have had no impact.

Ā 

In the end, Yaakov, as the primary beneficiary of the deceit, is freed of any accountability for his actions and that is what convinces him to become an accomplice to the duplicity.Ā  This attitude of privilege without responsibility will continue to accompany Yaakov throughout his life.Ā  Unfortunately, clearly indicating God’s displeasure with this type of behavior, he will also personally suffer the repercussions of this initial act of deceit for many years.

Ā 

It is important to note of some key words that appear in the story of Yaakov’s duping of his father because they will reappear numerous times to remind the reader of the causal relationship between the events that transpire.Ā  First, Yaakov utilizes a goat (גְּדָיֵי ע֓זּ֓ים) to trick his father and that is what helps him to elude detection by his father (וְלֹא ה֓כּ֓ירוֹ).Ā  In addition, Yitzchak terms Yaakov’s stealing of the blessings as cunning or deceit (בָּא ×Öø×—Ö“×™×šÖø ×‘Ö¼Ö°×žÖ“×ØÖ°×žÖø×”).Ā  A short time later Yaakov finds himself in the house of Lavan being swindled and having his true love Rachel exchanged for Leah after seven years of arduous labor.Ā  He then confronts Lavan, ā€œHow could you do this to me, did I not work for you for Rachel, why did you deceive me (×•Ö°×œÖø×žÖ¼Öø×” ×ØÖ“×žÖ¼Ö“×™×ŖÖø× Ö“×™)?ā€Ā  While Yaakov may not hear it, the wording clearly echoes the Mirma (×žÖ“×ØÖ°×žÖø×”) perpetrated by Yaakov on his father when he switched himself for Eisav.Ā  Moreover, Lavan’s answer is reminiscent of a page out of Yaakov’s book when he denies any responsibility for the fraud by attributing the subterfuge to the local practices that restrict marrying off the younger sister before the older one.

Ā 

This pattern of Yaakov evading responsibility continues to make appearances in Parshat Vayeitze.Ā  The first instance occurs when Rachel begs him to provide her with a child.Ā  Yaakov responds harshly, and maybe correctly, that ā€œAm I in place of God, who has withheld from you offspring (×”Ö²×ŖÖ·×—Ö·×Ŗ אֱלֹק֓ים אָנֹכ֓י אֲשֶׁר ×žÖø× Ö·×¢ מ֓מֵּךְ פְּר֓י ×‘Öø×˜Ö¶×Ÿ).ā€Ā  This reply denies Yaakov’s duty as a husband to share in the burden of her pain and to do whatever is within his power, including praying, to grant his wife her God-given right to a child.Ā  Instead, he displays indifference and throws the entire responsibility on the Divine.Ā  Later, at the end of the Parsha, during the confrontation between Yaakov and Lavan at Har HaGilad, Lavan accuses Yaakov of making off with his gods.Ā  Yaakov, asserting his innocence with regards to the theft, declares, ā€œWhoever is found in possession of your gods will not live; in front of our brothers identify (הַכֶּר לְךָ) what is yours with me and take itā€¦ā€Ā  The word Haker (הַכֶּר) is familiar because it is the same verb used to describe Yitzchak’s inability to discern (וְלֹא ה֓כּ֓ירוֹ) the ruse being played on him by Yaakov.Ā  Here too, Yaakov unknowingly is dragged into making a declaration against his wife who without his knowledge absconded with her father’s gods.Ā  In addition, Yaakov places the responsibility solely on the perpetrator rather than also acknowledging his own role as the leader of the family.

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In the beginning of this week’s Parsha, the brothers can no longer tolerate Yosef and decide to rid themselves of the problem.Ā  As the Torah testifies, Reuven attempts to intercede to rescue Yosef, but is unsuccessful.Ā  It is interesting to note Reuven’s reaction upon learning that Yosef is missing which evokes memories of Yaakov in his father’s house.Ā  Upon his discovering the pit where Yosef was thrown by the brothers to be empty, Reuven rents his clothing and declares, ā€œthe child is gone, and, I, where shall I go (הַיֶּ֣לֶד אֵינֶ֔נּוּ וַאֲנ֖֓י אָքנָה אֲנ֓י־בָֽא)?ā€Ā  Here, Reuven is not concerned about his father or Yosef, but rather about his standing as the eldest brother.Ā  On top of this, Yehuda’s suggestion to his brothers that they not kill Yosef, but rather sell him as a slave also reflects this same mentality.Ā  By not killing their brother, Yehuda spares himself and his brothers the direct guilt of having committed fratricide.Ā  What Yehuda fails to acknowledge is that Torah views kidnapping and selling an individual with the same severity as murder,[32] they both warrant the death penalty.Ā  While murder obviously involves more depravity and is irreversible, the Torah through their similar punishments places the violation of the transgressions on par.Ā  Here too, Yehuda is attempting to perpetuate a deception and advance his own interests without having to feel the guilt or responsibility of his actions.Ā  Lastly, the brothers deceive their father by dipping Yosef’s cloak in goat’s blood (וַֽיּ֓שְׁחֲטוּ֙ שְׂע֣֓יר ע֓זּ֓֔ים וַיּ֓טְבְּלքוּ אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֖נֶת ×‘Ö¼Ö·×“Ö¼ÖøÖ½×), then asking Yaakov to identify the cloak of his son Yosef (הַכֶּר־נָ֗א ×”Ö·×›Ö¼Ö°×ŖÖ¹Ö§× Ö¶×Ŗ ×‘Ö¼Ö“× Ö°×šÖøÖ› ה֖֓וא א֓ם־לֹֽא) which he does recognize (וַיַּכּ֓ירָ֤הּ).Ā  This perpetual evading of responsibility is now permeating the next generation and Yaakov’s children are now deceiving him in the same way that he misled his father.

Ā 

Yehuda never anticipated, or certainly underestimated, his father’s reaction to the loss of Yosef.Ā  None of Yaakov’s children or grandchildren are able to console him and it casts an unbearable pall over the entire family.Ā  This leads into the next story about Yehuda (וַיֵּքרֶד יְהוּדָ֖ה ×žÖµ×ÖµÖ£×Ŗ אֶחָ֑יו), as discussed above, but this time the outcome will be different and will change the trajectory of Sefer Bereishit.

Ā 

Yehuda is left with one child, Shayla, who he is reluctant to allow Tamar to marry.Ā  In many ways, it mirrors his father’s predicament and mourning over losing Yosef.Ā  Though, the most important factor in the story is Yehuda’s attempt to maintain this cycle of privilege without responsibility.Ā  In order to save face and appear to be adhering to the time-honored practice of levirate marriage, Yehuda sends Tamar, the poor widow, home to await Shayla growing up and being ready to marry her.Ā  Tamar quickly realizes that Yehuda has no intention of ever letting her marry Shayla, but he is unwilling to release her from the tether of the levirate marriage.Ā  To free Tamar, Yehuda would have to publicly acknowledge his unwillingness to allow Shayla to marry Tamar and suffer the consequences of the public humiliation and denigration associated with the Chalitza ceremony.Ā  It is far more convenient to present the pretense of purporting to accomplish the levirate marriage by demanding that Tamar remain a widow in waiting (requirement 1) while denying her the ability to marry and allowing his deceased son to have a remnant (requirements 2 and 3).Ā  Determined to change her predicament, Tamar acts out of desperation and devises an audacious plan to rectify the situation.Ā  The key to her plan was entrapping Yehuda and then having him declare her culpable for adultery because of her tether to Shayla.Ā  Tamar successfully executes on her daring strategy when she seduces Yehuda to sleep with her and takes his personal objects as collateral (×¢Öµ×ØÖø×‘Ö–×•Ö¹×Ÿ) for the payment of the harlotry which was to be a goat (גְּדֽ֓י־ע֓זּ֖֓ים).Ā  After three months, word gets out that Tamar is pregnant and Yehuda declares, probably much to his relief, that she is deserving of death for her adultery since she is married or tethered to Shayla.Ā  Tamar then sends to Yehuda his personal objects and says that I am pregnant from this individual – do you recognize his effects (הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמ֓֞י ×”Ö·×—Ö¹×ŖÖ¶Ö§×žÖ¶×Ŗ ×•Ö°×”Ö·×¤Ö¼Ö°×ŖÖ“×™×œÖ“Ö›×™× וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה ×”Öø×ÖµÖ½×œÖ¼Ö¶×”)?Ā  Yehuda is now effectively entrapped in the same way that he deceived his father.Ā  In his attempt to rid himself of Tamar, Tamar successfully induces Yehuda to declare her married (×–ÖøÖ½× Ö°×ŖÖø×”Ö™ ×ŖÖ¼Öø×žÖøÖ£×Ø ×›Ö¼Ö·×œÖ¼Öø×ŖÖ¶Ö”×šÖø וְגַ֛ם ×”Ö“× Ö¼ÖµÖ„×” הָרָ֖ה ל֓זְנוּנ֑֓ים ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö£××žÖ¶×Ø יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצ֓יא֖וּהָ וְת֓שָּׂרֵֽף) which is the requirement of the widow to await the deceased brother’s hand in marriage.Ā  But if she can be prosecuted for being married, where is her husband?Ā  By staying in the family and actually engaging Yehuda (the source of her pregnancy), Tamar demonstrates her loyalty to the levirate marriage and forces Yehuda to confront his duplicity of tethering Tamar without offering her Shayla.Ā  He was preserving his personal standing at Tamar’s expense – taking privilege without responsibility.Ā  At that crucial moment, Yehuda takes full responsibility (וַיַּכֵּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֗ה) when he blurts out, ā€œShe is more righteous than I (צָֽדְקָ֣ה מ֓מֶּ֔נּ֓י)ā€ and more importantly acknowledges his shirking of his duties to Tamar when he clearly states ā€œfor I did not give her to my son Shayla (כּֽ֓י־עַל־כֵּքן ×œÖ¹×Ö¾× Ö°×ŖÖ·×ŖÖ¼Ö“Ö–×™×”Öø ×œÖ°×©×Öµ×œÖøÖ£×” בְנ֑֓י).ā€[33]

Ā 

Tamar successfully engineers a major change in the family, marking a pivotal turning point in Sefer Bereishit.Ā  Yehuda’s acceptance of responsibility finally breaks the cycle of deceit and duplicity and plants the seeds for the reconciliation and eventual salvation of the family.Ā  The first glimpse of this appears in next week’s Parsha, when the brothers are forced to bring Binyamin down to Egypt.Ā  Yaakov is reluctant to agree to that condition and rebuffs Reuven’s efforts to convince him otherwise.Ā  Not being privy to Tamar’s tutelage, Reuven’s offer falls short as he pledges his two sons as collateral for Binyamin rather than he himself taking personal responsibility for Binyamin’s safe return.[34]Ā  Patiently awaiting the right moment, when their supplies had dwindled,[35] Yehuda finally wins Yaakov’s acquiescence for transporting Binyamin to Egypt with the following commitment that was taught to him by Tamar: ā€œI myself will be surety for him (אָנֹכ֓י אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ); you may hold me responsible: if I do not bring him back to you and set him before you, I shall stand guilty before you foreverā€ – personal responsibility![36]Ā  While seemingly a trivial commitment in the context of the broader story, this lays the groundwork for the ultimate resurrection of the family.[37]

Ā 

This all comes to a head at the end of next week’s Parsha[38] when Binyamin is ā€œcaughtā€ stealing Yosef’s goblet.Ā  Yosef’s servant chases the brothers down after their departure and accuses them of the theft of his master’s sorcery cup.[39]Ā  Unaware that the cup had been secretly planted in Binyamin’s bag, the brothers deny the accusation and assert their innocence, declaring that whoever is found in possession of the cup will die (אֲשֶׁ֨ר ×™Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×¦ÖµÖ„× א֓תּ֛וֹ ×žÖµ×¢Ö²×‘Öø×“Ö¶Ö–×™×šÖø ×•Öø×žÖµÖ‘×Ŗ) and that the remainder of the brothers will remain servants to Yosef.[40]Ā  It is eerily similar to Yaakov’s pledge of innocence (ע֓֠ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר ×ŖÖ¼Ö“×žÖ°×¦ÖøÖ£× ×Ö¶×ŖÖ¾×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö¶×™×šÖøÖ˜ לֹ֣א ×™Ö“Ö½×—Ö°×™Ö¶×”Ö’)[41] when chased down by Lavan searching for his stolen idols.[42]Ā  There too, Yaakov is unaware that Rachel had taken them.Ā  In both instances, a search ensues of the accused’s possessions and while Rachel successfully hides the idols from her father Lavan, in this instance the servant of Yosef discovers the goblet in Binyamin’s sack.Ā  While it is unclear as to whether Yaakov is ever made aware of Rachel’s actions, nevertheless, in the story of Yaakov and Lavan, it is Rachel, and not Yaakov, who will bear the brunt of Yaakov’s declaration.Ā Ā  In contrast, with regards to Binyamin and the brothers, in a post-Tamar world, the ending is very different.Ā  Yehuda demonstrates his newfound leadership when he takes full responsibility for the misdeed and proposes, as the leader, that he should bear the consequences and receive the punishment that Binyamin deserves.[43]Ā  This gives rise to his speech before Yosef in Parshat Vayigash that ultimately brings about the reunification of the family.

Ā 

The story of Tamar and Yehuda is found here, immediately after the sale of Yosef, because it is the turning point in Sefer Bereishit.Ā  It is the antidote which finally breaks the cycle of the recurring deception and lack of accountability, demonstrating the power of one determined poor widow to change the course of history.Ā  It is an important and timeless reminder for us that with all privilege comes responsibility.Ā  Personal accountability and responsibility, and that personal accountability is the hallmark of great people and the essential character of true leaders.

Ā 

Shabbat Shalom and Chanuka Sameach


Ā 



[1] Ā ×¢×™×™×Ÿ ×Ø×ž×‘"ן נשא ז,א ×‘×”×¢×œ×Ŗ×š ט,א וקרח טז,א ...כי על דעתי כל התורה כהדר ×–×•×œ×Ŗ×™ במקום אשר יפרש הכתוב ההקדמה והאחור, וגם שם ×œ×¦×•×Ø×š ענין ולטעם נכון

[2]Ā  יהודה היה הבן הרביעי של לאה ×©×œ×¤×—×•×Ŗ נולד ארבע שנים אחרי ×”×Ŗ×—×œ×Ŗ עבודת יעקב בשבע השנים השניים.Ā  יוהף נולד בהוף שבע השנים השניים לפני ×”×Ŗ×—×œ×Ŗ עבודת שש שנים האחרונות של יעקב בבית לבן.Ā  יוהף היה בן שבע עשרה שנה כאשר × ×ž×›×Ø ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™× ובן שלשים כשעמד לפני פרעה (וכנראה ×œ×¤×—×•×Ŗ ×©× ×Ŗ×™×™× לפני זה נאהר בבית הההר – ויהי מקׄ ×©× ×Ŗ×™× ימים, וגם יש את זמנו בבית ×¤×•×˜×™×¤×Ø שלא ברור אם נכלל בשתי השנים האלו, וכל זה התרחש אחרי היפור יהודה ×•×Ŗ×ž×Ø ולפני שהגיע יוהף לגיל שלשים).Ā  בזמן הקצר ההוא (10-13 שנים) נולד ליהודה שלשה בנים שהם הגיעו לגיל ההתחתנות וגם נולד עוד ×Ŗ××•×ž×™× ×ž×Ŗ×ž×Ø וכאשר ירד ×ž×©×¤×—×Ŗ יעקב ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™× (עוד תשע שנים אחרי שיוהף עמד לפני פרעה) כבר נולדו לפרׄ שני בנים.Ā  כל זה ××ž×•×Ø ×œ×”×Ŗ×Ø×—×© במקהימום במשך של ×¢×©×Ø×™× ×•×©×Ŗ×™× שנים ועל פי הפהוקים אפילו בזמן יותר קצר מזה. \\ ... ולמה הזכיר הכתוב זאת הפרשה במקום הזה? והיה ראוי ×œ×”×™×•×Ŗ אחר והמדנים ×ž×›×Ø×• אותו פרשת ויוהף הורד ×ž×¦×Ø×™×ž×”, ×œ×”×¤×Ø×™×© בין מעשה יוהף בדבר אשת אדוניו, למעשה אחיו. והוצרכתי לפי' הזה, בעבור שאין מיום ×©× ×ž×›×Ø יוהף עד יום רדת אבותינו ×‘×ž×¦×Ø×™× רק כ"ב שנה. והנה נולד אונן שהוא שני לבני יהודה, וגדל עד שהיה לו זרע, וזה לא ימצא פחות מי"ב שנה, ועוד וירבו הימים, גם הרתה ×Ŗ×ž×Ø והולידה פרׄ והוא בא אל ×ž×¦×Ø×™× ויש לו שני בנים... (אבן עזרא בראשית לח,א)Ā Ā 

[3]Ā  ...נמצא יוהף כשירדו אבותינו ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™× בן ל"ט שנה, ולוי בן מ"ד שנה, נמצא שפירש יוהף מיעקב אביו שלא שימשו כ"ב שנה, ×‘×Ŗ×•×š אלו השנים נשא יהודה את בת שוע, ×©× ××ž×Ø ויהי בעת ההיא וירד יהודה וגו', וירא שם יהודה וגו' (בראשית לח), שנה אחת ×œ×¢×™×‘×•×Ø×• של ער, הגדיל ער ז' שנים ונשא אשה, הרי שמנה, שנה אחת לער, שנה אחת לאונן שייבם, שנה אחת לשבי אלמנה בית אביך (בראשית לח יא), שנה אחת ×œ×•×™×Ø×‘×• הימים ×•×Ŗ×ž×Ŗ בת שוע (בראשית לח יב), שנה אחת ×œ×¢×™×‘×•×Ø×• של פרׄ, הגדיל פרׄ ז' שנים ונשא אשה, הרי י"ח, שנה אחת ×œ×—×¦×Ø×•×Ÿ, שנה אחת לחמול, ×•×—×¦×Ø×•×Ÿ וחמול ירדו עמו ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™×... (הדר עולם רבה פרק ב)

[4]Ā  וא"×Ŗ הרי אין ×ž×™×Ø×™×“×” זו עד שירדו אבותינו ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™× [רק] ×¢×©×Ø×™× ×•×©×Ŗ×™×™× שנה ואיך יארע ×©×‘×Ŗ×•×š כך ילדה אשתו של יהודה ער ואונן ושלה וכתיב וירבו הימים ×•×Ŗ×ž×Ŗ בת שוע וגו' ואח"כ נתעברה ×Ŗ×ž×Ø וילדה פרׄ וזרח ופרׄ הוליד את ×—×¦×Ø×•×Ÿ וחמול קודם שירדו ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™×. תשובה ×œ×“×‘×Ø אין ×œ×Ŗ×ž×•×” על כך שהרי דורות ×”×Ø××©×•× ×™× היו מולידים לשבע שנים וכן עשו אלו כדאיתא כהדר עולם כיצד שנה אחת ×¢×œ×Ŗ×” ×œ×¢×™×‘×•×Ø×• של ער אחרת לאונן אחרת לשילה. הגדיל ער ושהה ז' שנים ונשא ×Ŗ×ž×Ø הרי שמונה שנים ×ž×©×™×Ø×“ יהודה עד ויהי ער רע ×•×™×ž×™×Ŗ×”×•. שנה תשיעית נשא אונן ובאותה שנה ×ž×Ŗ. שנה עשירית ×¢×œ×Ŗ×” לגידול שילה ×©× ××ž×Ø שבי אלמנה בית אביך וגו'. שנת אחת עשרה וירבו הימים שגדל שילה ולא נשאה ויגד ×œ×Ŗ×ž×Ø וגו' עד ויבא אליה ותהר לו. שנת ×©×Ŗ×™× עשרה ×¢×œ×Ŗ×” ×œ×¢×™×‘×•×Ø פרׄ וזרח, ושהה פרׄ שבע שנים ונשא אשה הרי תשע עשרה שנה ×ž×©×™×Ø×“ יהודה. שנת ×¢×©×Ø×™× ×¢×œ×Ŗ×” ×œ×¢×™×‘×•×Ø×• של ×—×¦×Ø×•×Ÿ ושנת ×¢×©×Ø×™× ואחת ×œ×¢×‘×•×Ø×• של חמול ובשנת ×©×Ŗ×™× ×•×¢×©×Ø×™× נולד חמול וירד הוא ×•×—×¦×Ø×•×Ÿ אחיו עם ××‘×•×Ŗ× ×œ×ž×¦×Ø×™×. (חזקוני בראשית לח,א) \\ ...וכאשר ×”×ž×Ŗ×™× ×” ימים ×Ø×‘×™× וראתה כי גדל שלה בעיניה, והוא עודנו נער לאביו כי אין לו עשר שנים והיה ×ž×ž×Ŗ×™×Ÿ לו עוד, אז ×ž×”×Ø×” ×Ŗ×ž×Ø ברב תאותה להוליד ×ž×–×Ø×¢ הקדש ועשתה המעשה הזה: (×Ø×ž×‘"ן בראשית לח,יא)

[5]Ā  יוהף היה בהביבות שמנה, ויהודה בהביבות  אחת עשרה, כאשר יעקב חזר ×œ×’×•×Ø עם אביו בארׄ כנען שמוהיף עוד תשע שנים (17-8=9 עיין הערה 2) שבו יכול ההיפור של יהודה וצאצאיו ×œ×”×Ŗ×Ø×—×©

[6]Ā  ויהי בעת ההיא, ולא היה ×¦×Ø×™×š קרייה ×œ×ž×™×ž×Ø אלא ויוהף הורד ×ž×¦×Ø×™×ž×”, ומפני מה ההמיך פרשה זו לזו, רבי ××œ×¢×–×Ø ור' יוחנן, רבי ××œ×¢×–×Ø ××ž×Ø כדי להמוך ירידה ×œ×™×Ø×™×“×”, רבי יוחנן ××ž×Ø כדי להמוך הכר ×œ×”×›×Ø, ר"ש בר נחמן ××ž×Ø כדי להמוך מעשה ×Ŗ×ž×Ø למעשה אשתו של ×¤×•×˜×™×¤×Ø, מה זו לשם שמים אף זו לשם שמים, דא"ר יהושע בן לוי רואה ×”×™×Ŗ×” ×‘××”×˜×Ø×•×œ×•×’×™×Ÿ שלה שהיא עתידה להעמיד ממנו בן ולא ×”×™×Ŗ×” יודעת אם ממנה אם ×ž×‘×Ŗ×” (בראשית רבה פה,ב) \\ ויהי בעת ההוא - למה נהמכה פרשה זו לכאן, והפהיק בפרשתו של יוהף, ללמד שהורידוהו אחיו ×ž×’×“×•×œ×Ŗ×• כשראו בצרת אביהם, ××ž×Ø×• אתה ××ž×Ø×Ŗ ×œ×ž×›×Ø×•, אלו ××ž×Ø×Ŗ להשיבו היינו שומעים לך: (רש"י בראשית לח,א)

[7]Ā  ×›Ö¼Ö“×™ יֵשְׁבוּ אַח֓ים יַחְדָּו ×•Ö¼×žÖµ×Ŗ אַחַד מֵהֶם וּבֵן אֵין לוֹ לֹא ×ŖÖ“×”Ö°×™Ö¶×” אֵשֶׁת ×”Ö·×žÖ¼Öµ×Ŗ הַחוּצָה לְא֓ישׁ זָר ×™Ö°×‘Öø×žÖø×”Ö¼ יָבֹא ×¢Öø×œÖ¶×™×”Öø ×•Ö¼×œÖ°×§Öø×—Öø×”Ö¼ לוֹ ×œÖ°×Ö“×©Ö¼×Öø×” ×•Ö°×™Ö“×‘Ö¼Ö°×žÖø×”Ö¼: וְהָיָה הַבְּכוֹר אֲשֶׁר ×ŖÖ¼Öµ×œÖµ×“ ×™Öø×§×•Ö¼× עַל שֵׁם אָח֓יו ×”Ö·×žÖ¼Öµ×Ŗ וְלֹא ×™Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×—Ö¶×” שְׁמוֹ ×žÖ“×™Ö¼Ö“×©×‚Ö°×ØÖø×Öµ×œ: וְא֓ם לֹא יַחְפֹּׄ הָא֓ישׁ ×œÖø×§Ö·×—Ö·×Ŗ אֶת ×™Ö°×‘Ö“×žÖ°×ŖÖ¼×•Ö¹ ×•Ö°×¢Öø×œÖ°×ŖÖø×” ×™Ö°×‘Ö“×žÖ°×ŖÖ¼×•Ö¹ הַשַּׁעְרָה אֶל הַזְּקֵנ֓ים ×•Ö°×Öø×žÖ°×ØÖø×” מֵאֵן ×™Ö°×‘Öø×žÖ“×™ ×œÖ°×”Öø×§Ö“×™× ×œÖ°×Öø×—Ö“×™×• שֵׁם ×‘Ö¼Ö°×™Ö“×©×‚Ö°×ØÖø×Öµ×œ לֹא אָבָה יַבְּמ֓י: וְקָרְאוּ לוֹ ×–Ö“×§Ö°× Öµ×™ ע֓ירוֹ וְד֓בְּרוּ ×Öµ×œÖø×™×• ×•Ö°×¢Öø×žÖ·×“ ×•Ö°×Öø×žÖ·×Ø לֹא חָפַצְתּ֓י ×œÖ°×§Ö·×—Ö°×ŖÖ¼Öø×”Ö¼: וְנ֓גְּשָׁה ×™Ö°×‘Ö“×žÖ°×ŖÖ¼×•Ö¹ ×Öµ×œÖø×™×• לְעֵינֵי הַזְּקֵנ֓ים ×•Ö°×—Öø×œÖ°×¦Öø×” נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל ×ØÖ·×’Ö°×œ×•Ö¹ וְיָרְקָה בְּפָנָיו וְעָנְתָה ×•Ö°×Öø×žÖ°×ØÖø×” ×›Ö¼Öø×›Öø×” יֵעָשֶׂה ×œÖø×Ö“×™×©× אֲשֶׁר לֹא י֓בְנֶה אֶת בֵּית אָח֓יו: (×“×‘×Ø×™× כה,ה-ט)

[8]Ā  ...אבל הענין הוד גדול ×ž×”×•×“×•×Ŗ התורה ×‘×Ŗ×•×œ×“×Ŗ האדם, ונכר הוא לעיני ×Ø×•××™× אשר נתן להם השם עינים ×œ×Ø××•×Ŗ ואזנים לשמוע. והיו החכמים הקדמונים קודם התורה יודעים כי יש ×Ŗ×•×¢×œ×Ŗ גדולה ביבום האח, והוא הראוי ×œ×”×™×•×Ŗ קודם בו ואחריו הקרוב במשפחה, כי כל שארו הקרוב אליו ×ž×ž×©×¤×—×Ŗ×• אשר הוא יורש נחלה יגיע ממנו ×Ŗ×•×¢×œ×Ŗ:... (×Ø×ž×‘"ן בראשית לח,ח)

[9]Ā  וַיּ֓קַּ֧ח יְהוּדָ֛ה א֓שָּׁ֖ה לְעֵ֣ר בְּכוֹר֑וֹ ×•Ö¼×©×Ö°×žÖøÖ–×”Ö¼ ×ŖÖ¼Öø×žÖøÖ½×Ø: וַיְה֓֗י עֵ֚ר בְּכ֣וֹר יְהוּדָ֔ה רַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְקֹוָ֑ק ×•Ö·×™Ö°×žÖ“×ŖÖµÖ–×”×•Ö¼ יְקֹוָֽק: (בראשית לח,ו-ז)

[10] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö¤××žÖ¶×Ø יְהוּדָה֙ ×œÖ°××•Ö¹× ÖøÖ”×Ÿ בֹּ֛א אֶל־אֵքשֶׁת ×Öø×—Ö“Ö–×™×šÖø וְיַבֵּ֣ם אֹתָ֑הּ ×•Ö°×”Öø×§ÖµÖ„× זֶ֖רַע ×œÖ°×Öø×—Ö“Ö½×™×šÖø: וַיֵּ֣דַע ××•Ö¹× ÖøÖ”×Ÿ ×›Ö¼Ö“Ö›×™ לֹּքא ל֖וֹ ×™Ö“×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö£×” הַזָּ֑רַע ×•Ö°×”Öø×™ÖøÖž×” ×Ö“×Ö¾×‘Ö¼ÖøÖØ× אֶל־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָח֓יו֙ וְשׁ֓חֵ֣ת אַ֔רְצָה ×œÖ°×‘Ö“×œÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö“Ö„×™ × Ö°×ŖÖø×ŸÖ¾×–Ö¶Ö–×ØÖ·×¢ ×œÖ°×Öø×—Ö“Ö½×™×•: וַיֵּ֛רַע בְּעֵינֵքי יְקֹוָ֖ק אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה ×•Ö·×™Ö¼ÖøÖ–×žÖ¶×Ŗ ×’Ö¼Ö·×Ö¾×Ö¹×ŖÖ½×•Ö¹: (בראשית לח,ח-י)

[11] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö£××žÖ¶×Ø יְהוּדָה֩ ×œÖ°×ŖÖø×žÖøÖØ×Ø ×›Ö¼Ö·×œÖ¼Öø×ŖÖœ×•Ö¹ שְׁב֧֓י ×Ö·×œÖ°×žÖø× ÖøÖ£×” ×‘Öµ×™×ŖÖ¾×Öø×‘Ö“Ö—×™×šÖ° עַד־י֓גְדַּל֙ ×©×Öµ×œÖøÖ£×” בְנ֓֔י ×›Ö¼Ö“Ö£×™ ×Öø×žÖ·Ö”×Ø ×¤Ö¼Ö¶×ŸÖ¾×™Öø×žÖ„×•Ö¼×Ŗ גַּם־ה֖וּא כְּאֶחָ֑יו ×•Ö·×ŖÖ¼ÖµÖ£×œÖ¶×šÖ° ×ŖÖ¼Öø×žÖøÖ”×Ø וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב בֵּքית אָבֽ֓יהָ: (בראשית לח,יא)

[12] ...והקרוב יותר שהוא איחר את נישואין (של שלה) עד שיגדל לפי שחשב שהיתה היבת ×ž×™×Ŗ×Ŗ× של עד ואונן שנשאו (×‘×”×™×•×Ŗ×) ×¦×¢×™×Ø×™× לימים על ידי חלאים וחולשה שארעה להם מזה ולא ידע את ×ž×”×Ŗ×Ø×™×”× אשר גלה (ה') ×™×Ŗ×¢×œ×” בלשון שליחו (משה רבינו). (ר' ××‘×Ø×”× בן ×”×Ø×ž×‘"ם בראשית לח,יא) \\ כי ××ž×Ø - ×›×œ×•×ž×Ø היה דוחה אותה בקש, שלא היה בדעתו להשיאה לו. כי ××ž×Ø פן ×™×ž×•×Ŗ גם הוא כאחיו, כי ×ž×•×—×–×§×Ŗ היא זו ×©×™×ž×•×Ŗ×• אנשיה, לשון רש"י. ולא ידעתי למה יתבייש יהודה המושל בדורו מן האשה הזאת ולא ×™××ž×Ø אליה לכי לשלום ×ž×‘×™×Ŗ×™, ולמה יטעה אותה, והיא אהורה לשלה, כמו ×©××ž×Ø×• (×™×‘×ž×•×Ŗ הד ב) בנשואים בתרי זמני הויא חזקה. ועוד, כי בהיותו מקפיד על זנוניה לחייב אותה שריפה נראה שהיה חפׄ בה ×œ×”×™×•×Ŗ×” בביתו. ורחוק הוא שלא שמע יהודה כי בניו חטאו וישלחם ביד פשעם ואין ×œ×Ŗ×ž×Ø בהם חטא: והנכון בעיני שהיה שלה ראוי ליבם, אבל לא רצה אביו שייבם אותה ועודנו נער פן יחטא בה כאחיו אשר ×ž×Ŗ×• ×‘× ×¢×•×Ø×™×”×, כי × ×¢×Ø×™× היו, אין לאחד מהם ×©×Ŗ×™× עשרה שנה, וכאשר יגדל וישמע ×œ×ž×•×”×Ø אביו אז ×™×Ŗ× × ×” לו לאשה. וכאשר ×”×ž×Ŗ×™× ×” ימים ×Ø×‘×™× וראתה כי גדל שלה בעיניה, והוא עודנו נער לאביו כי אין לו עשר שנים והיה ×ž×ž×Ŗ×™×Ÿ לו עוד, אז ×ž×”×Ø×” ×Ŗ×ž×Ø ברב תאותה להוליד ×ž×–×Ø×¢ הקדש ועשתה המעשה הזה: (×Ø×ž×‘"ן בראשית לח,יא) \\ כי ××ž×Ø – אם ×”×™×Ŗ×” הכוונה שחשש שהיא ×§×˜×œ× ×™×Ŗ קשה קושית ×”×Ø×ž×‘"ן מה זה בוש ×œ×•×ž×Ø לה שתלך לה. ותו, הרי ×ž×—×œ×•×§×Ŗ ×Ŗ× ××™× היא ×‘×™×‘×ž×•×Ŗ (הד,ב) אם בתרי או ×‘×Ŗ×œ×Ŗ ×ž×Ŗ×—×–×§×Ŗ לכך. ותו, מאי דייק הכתוב "פן ×™×ž×•×Ŗ גם הוא כאחיו", מאי נפקא מינה במה שהמה "אחיו". משום הכי פירש ×”×Ø×ž×‘"ן שחשש שלא יכשל גם הוא בעוון, מפני ×™×œ×“×•×Ŗ×•, וכך כתב ההפורנו. וזה אינו נכון לפי דברינו שלא נשתוו בטעם ×”×ž×™×Ŗ×”, וגם נראה שלא ידע יהודה כלל היבת ×ž×™×Ŗ×Ŗ×.Ā  אלא כך פירוש ×”×ž×§×Ø×, דלכן ××ž×Ø "שבי אלמנה בית אביך" משום "פן ×™×ž×•×Ŗ וגו'", דהא שלא × ×™×Ŗ× ×” לאשה באותה שעה לשלה הוא משום שלא היה ראוי עדיין ×œ××™×©×•×Ŗ שהרי היה בן ד' שנים, אבל למה ××ž×Ø "שבי אלמנה בית אביך" ולא רצה שתשב אצלו כדין ×©×•×ž×Ø×Ŗ יבם שיושבת בבית בעלה, על זה נתן לה טעם "פן ×™×ž×•×Ŗ גם הוא כאחיו", כי הוא לא ידע היבת ×ž×™×Ŗ×Ŗ×, ובאשר שניהם ×ž×Ŗ×• לערך בני שמונה שנים כהבור שכך טבע גידולם ×œ×ž×•×Ŗ בני שמונה, ואולי גם זה הנולד לאמם טבעו כך, וא"כ לא יזכה גם הוא ליבמה, ולמאי תשב בביתו חנם ויהי לו צער כפול. על כן תשב בבית אביה ואם ×™×ž×•×Ŗ הרי זה תנשא לאיש. (נצי"ב בראשית לח,יא)

[13] כי ××ž×Ø וגו' - ×›×œ×•×ž×Ø דוחה היה אותה בקש, שלא היה בדעתו להשיאה לו: (רש"י בראשית לח,יא) \\ ×•×™××ž×Ø יהודה ×œ×Ŗ×ž×Ø וג' – לאבי אבא ז"ל מה ×©××ž×Ø לה עד יגדל שלה בני דחיה ×•×”×—×œ×˜×Ŗ×• ×”×™×Ŗ×” שלא להשיאו לה כלל... (ר' ××‘×Ø×”× בן ×”×Ø×ž×‘"ם בשם הבו בראשית לח,יא) \\ כי ××ž×Ø פן ×™×ž×•×Ŗ – הבור: ×ž×§×•×Ø ×ž×©×—×Ŗ הוא זה. ×•×”×—×ž×™×Ø ×œ×•×ž×Ø בתרי זימני הוי חזקה, וכן הלכה גבי ×”×›× ×” בהחולׄ (בבלי ×™×‘×ž×•×Ŗ ×”"ד:). (ר"י בכור שור בראשית לח,יא)

[14] השיעור הזה הוא קובׄ ×ž×“×‘×Ø×™× וחידושים ×©×©×ž×¢×Ŗ×™ ×ž×”×Ø×‘×” אנשים ובמיוחד ×”×ž××ž×Ø של הרב ×ž×Ø×“×›×™ ברויאר בהפרו פרקי בראשית פרק לו "יהודה ×•×Ŗ×ž×Ø"

[15] כל ×”×©×ž×•×Ŗ בהיפור הם מלאים טעם וירח וכדאי להקדיש שיעור לעניין הזה

[16] ×”×“×•×’×ž××•×Ŗ האלו הראה לי ×’×™×”×™ הרב מנחם חריש

[17] מלכים ב ד,ח-לז

[18] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø לַמּוֹעֵד הַזֶּה ×›Ö¼Öø×¢Öµ×Ŗ ×—Ö·×™Ö¼Öø×” אַתְּ חֹבֶקֶת בֵּן ×•Ö·×ŖÖ¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø אַל אֲדֹנ֓י א֓ישׁ ×”Öø×Ö±×œÖ¹×§Ö“×™× אַל תְּכַזֵּב ×‘Ö¼Ö°×©×Ö“×¤Ö°×—Öø×ŖÖ¶×šÖø: (מלכים ב ד,טז)

[19] ×•Ö·×ŖÖ¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø ×”Ö²×©×Öø×Ö·×œÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö“×™ בֵן ×žÖµ×Öµ×Ŗ אֲדֹנ֓י הֲלֹא ×Öø×žÖ·×ØÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö“×™ לֹא ×ŖÖ·×©×Ö°×œÖ¶×” אֹת֓י: (מלכים ב ד,כח)

[20] שמואל ב ג,יב-ל

[21] וַיָּ֤שָׁב אַבְנֵר֙ ×—Ö¶×‘Ö°×ØÖ”×•Ö¹×Ÿ וַיַּטֵּ֤הוּ יוֹאָב֙ ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×ŖÖ¼Ö£×•Ö¹×šÖ° הַשַּׁ֔עַר ×œÖ°×“Ö·×‘Ö¼ÖµÖ„×Ø א֓תּ֖וֹ בַּשֶּׁ֑ל֓י וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ ×©×Öø×Ö™ הַחֹ֔מֶשׁ ×•Ö·×™Ö¼ÖøÖ•×žÖø×Ŗ בְּדַ֖ם ×¢Ö²×©×‚Öø×”Ö¾×ÖµÖ„×œ אָחֽ֓יו: (שמואל ב ג,כז) \\ בשלי - בשגגה שלא הבין אבנר שבלבו ×œ×”×Ø×’×• והרה ×”×ž×§×Ø× ויטהו יואב בשלי אל ×Ŗ×•×š השער ×œ×“×‘×Ø אתו: (רש"י שמואל ב ג,כז) \\ בשלי - ענין שגגה ושכחה כמו על השל (שמואל ב ו,ז - וַיּֽ֓חַר־אַ֤ף יְקֹוָק֙ בְּעֻזָּ֔ה וַיַּכֵּքהוּ ×©×ÖøÖ›× ×”Öø×Ö±×œÖ¹×§Ö“Ö–×™× עַל־הַשַּׁ֑ל ×•Ö·×™Ö¼ÖøÖ£×žÖø×Ŗ ×©×ÖøÖ”× ע֖֓ם ×Ö²×ØÖ„×•Ö¹×Ÿ ×”Öø×Ö±×œÖ¹×§Ö“Ö½×™×:) וכן גם של ×Ŗ×©×œ×• (רות ב,טז - וְגַ֛ם ×©×Ö¹×œÖ¾×ŖÖ¼Öø×©×Ö¹Ö„×œÖ¼×•Ö¼ ×œÖøÖ–×”Ö¼ ×žÖ“×ŸÖ¾×”Ö·×¦Ö¼Ö°×‘Öø×ŖÖ“Ö‘×™× ×•Ö·×¢Ö²×–Ö·×‘Ö°×ŖÖ¼Ö¶Ö„× ×•Ö°×œÖ“×§Ö¼Ö°×˜ÖøÖ–×” וְלֹքא ת֓גְעֲרוּ־בָֽהּ:): (×ž×¦×•×“×Ŗ ציון שמואל ב ג,כז) \\ וגם של ×Ŗ×©×œ×• - שכח תשכחו עשו עצמיכם כאילו ××Ŗ× שוכחים ×Ŗ×Ø×’×•× כל שגגה ×©×œ×•×Ŗ× וכן על השל, דבר אחר לשון כי ישל ×–×™×Ŗ×š: (רש"י רות ב,טז)

[22] וַיּ֓קְרָא יְקֹוָק אֱלֹק֓ים אֶל ×”Öø×Öø×“Öø× ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø לוֹ אַיֶּכָּה: ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø אֶת קֹלְךָ ×©×Öø×žÖ·×¢Ö°×ŖÖ¼Ö“×™ ×‘Ö¼Ö·×’Ö¼Öø×Ÿ וָא֓ירָא ×›Ö¼Ö“×™ ×¢Öµ×™×ØÖ¹× אָנֹכ֓י וָאֵחָבֵא: (בראשית ג,ט-י)

[23] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø מ֓י ה֓גּ֓יד לְךָ ×›Ö¼Ö“×™ ×¢Öµ×™×ØÖ¹× אָתָּה הֲמ֓ן הָעֵׄ אֲשֶׁר ×¦Ö“×•Ö¼Ö“×™×ŖÖ“×™×šÖø ×œÖ°×‘Ö“×œÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö“×™ ×Ö²×›Öø×œ מ֓מֶּנּוּ ×Öø×›Öø×œÖ°×ŖÖ¼Öø: (בראשית ג,יא)

[24] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø ×”Öø×Öø×“Öø× הָא֓שָּׁה אֲשֶׁר × Öø×ŖÖ·×ŖÖ¼Öø×” ×¢Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×“Ö“×™ ה֓וא × Öø×ŖÖ°× Öø×” לּ֓י מ֓ן הָעֵׄ ×•Öø×Ö¹×›Öµ×œ: (בראשית ג,יב)

[25] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø יְקֹוָק אֱלֹק֓ים ×œÖø×Ö“×©Ö¼×Öø×” מַה זֹּאת עָשׂ֓ית ×•Ö·×ŖÖ¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø הָא֓שָּׁה הַנָּחָשׁ ה֓שּׁ֓יאַנ֓י ×•Öø×Ö¹×›Öµ×œ: (בראשית ג,יג)

[26] אשר × ×Ŗ×Ŗ עמדי - כאן כפר בטובה: (רש"י בראשית ג,יב)

[27] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö¤××žÖ¶×Ø יְקֹוָק֙ אֶל־קַ֔י֓ן אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל ×Öø×—Ö“Ö‘×™×šÖø ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö™××žÖ¶×ØÖ™ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתּ֓י ×”Ö²×©×Ö¹×žÖµÖ„×Ø אָח֖֓י אָנֹֽכ֓י: ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö–××žÖ¶×Ø מֶ֣ה עָשׂ֑֓יתָ ק֚וֹל דְּמֵ֣י ×Öø×—Ö“Ö”×™×šÖø צֹעֲק֓քים אֵלַ֖י ×žÖ“×ŸÖ¾×”ÖøÖ½×Ö²×“Öø×žÖøÖ½×”: (בראשית ד,ט-י)

[28] מ֤֓י ×—Öø×›Öø×Ö™ ×•Ö°×™ÖøÖ£×‘ÖµÖ½×Ÿ אֵ֔לֶּה × Öø×‘Ö–×•Ö¹×Ÿ ×•Ö°×™ÖµÖ½×“Öø×¢ÖµÖ‘× ×›Ö¼Ö“Ö½×™Ö¾×™Ö°×©×Öø×ØÖ“Öž×™× דַּרְכֵ֣י יְקֹוָ֗ק וְצַדּ֓ק֓ים֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ ×‘ÖøÖ”× וּפֹשְׁע֖֓ים ×™Ö“×›Ö¼ÖøÖ„×©×Ö°×œ×•Ö¼ ×‘ÖøÖ½×: (הושע יד,י)

[29] ××ž×Ø רבה בר בר חנה ××ž×Ø רבי יוחנן, מאי דכתיב: כי ×™×©×Ø×™× דרכי ה' וצדיקים ילכו בם ופושעים יכשלו בם?...אלא משל ללוט ושתי בנותיו, הן שנתכוונו לשם מצוה - צדיקים ילכו בם, הוא ×©× ×Ŗ×›×•×•×Ÿ לשם עבירה - ופושעים יכשלו בם ודלמא הוא נמי לשם מצוה הוא מכוין! א"ר יוחנן, כל הפהוק הזה לשם עבירה × ××ž×Ø: וישא לוט - ותשא אשת אדניו את עיניה, את עיניו - ×•×™××ž×Ø שמשון [וגו'] אותה קח לי כי היא ישרה בעיני, וירא - וירא אותה שכם בן ×—×ž×•×Ø, את כל ככר ×”×™×Ø×“×Ÿ - כי בעד אשה זונה עד ככר לחם, כי כלה משקה - אלכה אחרי מאהבי נותני לחמי ומימי ×¦×ž×Ø×™ ופשתי שמני ושקויי. והא מינה אניה! תנא משום רבי יוהי בר רבי חוני: למה נקוד על וי"ו שבקומה של בכירה? ×œ×•×ž×Ø לך, שבשכבה לא ידע אבל בקומה ידע. ומאי ה"ל למעבד? מאי דהוה הוה! נפקא מינה - דלפניא אחרינא לא איבעי ליה ×œ×ž×™×©×Ŗ×™. (הוריות י:)

[30] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹××žÖ¶×Ø יַעֲקֹב אֶל ר֓בְקָה א֓מּוֹ הֵן עֵשָׂו אָח֓י א֓ישׁ שָׂע֓ר וְאָנֹכ֓י א֓ישׁ ×—Öø×œÖø×§: (בראשית כז,יא)

[31] אוּלַי יְמֻשֵּׁנ֓י אָב֓י וְהָי֓ית֓י בְעֵינָיו ×›Ö¼Ö“×žÖ°×ŖÖ·×¢Ö°×ŖÖ¼Öµ×¢Ö· וְהֵבֵאת֓י ×¢Öø×œÖ·×™ ×§Ö°×œÖø×œÖø×” וְלֹא בְרָכָה: (כז,יב)

[32] ×›Ö¼Ö“×™ ×™Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×¦Öµ× א֓ישׁ גֹּנֵב נֶפֶשׁ ×žÖµ×Ö¶×—Öø×™×• מ֓בְּנֵי ×™Ö“×©×‚Ö°×ØÖø×Öµ×œ ×•Ö°×”Ö“×ŖÖ°×¢Ö·×žÖ¼Ö¶×Ø בּוֹ ×•Ö¼×žÖ°×›Öø×Ø×•Ö¹ ×•Ö¼×žÖµ×Ŗ הַגַּנָּב הַהוּא וּב֓עַרְתָּ הָרָע ×žÖ“×§Ö¼Ö“×ØÖ°×‘Ö¼Ö¶×šÖø: (×“×‘×Ø×™× כד,ז)

[33] כדאי ×œ×”×–×›×™×Ø ולציין דוד המלך מצאצאיו של יהודה ×‘×ž×”×’×Ø×Ŗ הזאת שג"כ לקח אחריות על חטא בת שבע והציל את ×ž×œ×›×•×Ŗ×• ×œ×¢×•×ž×Ŗ שאול שהירב ×œ×”×•×“×•×Ŗ על חטאיו ואבד את ×ž×œ×›×•×Ŗ×•Ā 

[34] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö¤××žÖ¶×Ø ×ØÖ°××•Ö¼×‘Öµ×ŸÖ™ ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×Öø×‘Ö“Ö£×™×• ×œÖµ××žÖ¹Ö”×Ø אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנַי֙ ×ŖÖ¼Öø×žÖ“Ö”×™×Ŗ א֓ם־לֹքא אֲב֓יאֶ֖נּוּ ×Öµ×œÖ¶Ö‘×™×šÖø תְּנָ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×™Öø×“Ö“Ö”×™ וַאֲנ֖֓י אֲשׁ֓יבֶքנּוּ ×Öµ×œÖ¶Ö½×™×šÖø: (בראשית מב,לז)

[35] וְהָרָעָ֖ב כָּבֵքד בָּאָֽרֶׄ: וַיְה֓֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כּ֓לּוּ֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֔בֶר אֲשֶׁքר הֵב֖֓יאוּ ×žÖ“×žÖ¼Ö“×¦Ö°×ØÖøÖ‘×™Ö“× ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö¤××žÖ¶×Ø אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֲב֓יהֶ֔ם שֻׁ֖בוּ ×©×Ö“×‘Ö°×Ø×•Ö¼Ö¾×œÖøÖ„× ×•Ö¼ מְעַט־אֹֽכֶל: ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö§××žÖ¶×Ø ×Öµ×œÖøÖ›×™×• יְהוּדָ֖ה ×œÖµ××žÖ¹Ö‘×Ø הָעֵ֣ד הֵע֓ד֩ בָּ֨נוּ הָא֤֓ישׁ ×œÖµ××žÖ¹×ØÖ™ לֹֽא־ ת֓רְא֣וּ פָנַ֔י ×‘Ö¼Ö“×œÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö“Ö–×™ אֲח֓יכֶքם ×Ö“×ŖÖ¼Ö°×›Ö¶Ö½×: ×Ö“×Ö¾×™Ö¶×©×Ö°×šÖøÖ› מְשַׁלֵּքחַ אֶת־אָח֖֓ינוּ א֓תָּ֑נוּ נֵרְדָ֕ה וְנ֓שְׁבְּרָքה ×œÖ°×šÖøÖ– אֹֽכֶל: ×•Ö°×Ö“×Ö¾×Öµ×™× Ö°×šÖøÖ„ מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ לֹ֣א נֵרֵ֑ד ×›Ö¼Ö“Ö½×™Ö¾×”Öø×Ö“Öž×™×©× ×Öø×žÖ·Ö¤×Ø אֵלֵ֙ינוּ֙ ×œÖ¹Ö½×Ö¾×ŖÖ“×ØÖ°×Ö£×•Ö¼ פָנַ֔י ×‘Ö¼Ö“×œÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö“Ö–×™ אֲח֓יכֶքם ×Ö“×ŖÖ¼Ö°×›Ö¶Ö½×: (בראשית מג,א-ה) \\ כמו ×©×Ŗ×ž×Ø חכה לבצע את ×Ŗ×›× ×™×Ŗ×”: וַיּ֓רְבּוּ֙ ×”Ö·×™Ö¼Öø×žÖ“Ö”×™× ×•Ö·×ŖÖ¼ÖøÖ–×žÖø×Ŗ בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö“× Ö¼ÖøÖ£×—Ö¶× יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְח֓ירָ֛ה רֵעֵքהוּ ×”Öø×¢Ö²×“Ö»×œÖ¼Öø×žÖ“Ö–×™ ×ŖÖ¼Ö“×žÖ°× ÖøÖ½×ŖÖø×”: וַיֻּגַּքד ×œÖ°×ŖÖø×žÖøÖ–×Ø ×œÖµ××žÖ¹Ö‘×Ø ×”Ö“× Ö¼ÖµÖ„×” ×—Öø×žÖ“Ö›×™×šÖ° עֹלֶքה ×ŖÖ“×žÖ°× ÖøÖ–×ŖÖø×” ×œÖø×’Ö¹Ö„×– צֹאנֽוֹ: וַתָּהַר֩ בּ֓גְדֵ֨י ×Ö·×œÖ°×žÖ°× ×•Ö¼×ŖÖøÖœ×”Ö¼ ×žÖµÖ½×¢Öø×œÖ¶Ö—×™×”Öø וַתְּכַ֤ה בַּצָּע֓יף֙ ×•Ö·×ŖÖ¼Ö“×ŖÖ°×¢Ö·×œÖ¼ÖøÖ”×£ וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּפֶ֣תַח עֵינַ֔י֓ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×“Ö¼Ö¶Ö£×ØÖ¶×šÖ° ×ŖÖ¼Ö“×žÖ°× ÖøÖ‘×ŖÖø×” כּ֤֓י רָאֲתָה֙ ×›Ö¼Ö“Ö½×™Ö¾×’Öø×“Ö·Ö£×œ ×©×Öµ×œÖøÖ”×” וְה֓֕וא ×œÖ¹Ö½×Ö¾× Ö“×ŖÖ¼Ö°× ÖøÖ„×” ל֖וֹ ×œÖ°×Ö“×©Ö¼×ÖøÖ½×”: (בראשית לח,יב-יד)

[36] אָנֹכ֓י אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ ×žÖ“×™Ö¼Öø×“Ö“×™ תְּבַקְשֶׁנּוּ א֓ם לֹא הֲב֓יאֹת֓יו ×Öµ×œÖ¶×™×šÖø וְה֓צַּגְתּ֓יו ×œÖ°×¤Öø× Ö¶×™×šÖø ×•Ö°×—Öø×˜Öø××ŖÖ“×™ לְךָ ×›Ö¼Öø×œ ×”Ö·×™Ö¼Öø×žÖ“×™×: (בראשית מג,ט)

[37] ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹ÖØ××žÖ¶×Ø ×™Ö°×”×•Ö¼×“ÖøÖœ×” ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×™Ö“×©×‚Ö°×ØÖø×ÖµÖ£×œ אָב֓֗יו ×©×Ö“×œÖ°×—ÖøÖ„×” הַנַּ֛עַר א֓תּ֖֓י ×•Ö°× Öø×§Ö£×•Ö¼×žÖø×” ×•Ö°× Öµ×œÖµÖ‘×›Öø×” וְנֽ֓חְיֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א × Öø×žÖ”×•Ö¼×Ŗ גַּם־אֲנַքחְנוּ ×’Ö·×Ö¾×Ö·×ŖÖ¼ÖøÖ–×” גַּם־טַפֵּֽנוּ: (בראשית מג,ח) \\ ונחיה - נצנצה בו רוח הקודש, על ידי הליכה זו ×Ŗ×—×™ ×Ø×•×—×š ×©× ××ž×Ø (מה,כז) ותחי רוח יעקב אביהם: (רש"י בראשית מג,ח)

[38] בראשית פרק מד

[39] הֵ֠ם יָֽצְא֣וּ ×Ö¶×ŖÖ¾×”Öø×¢Ö“×™×ØÖ˜ לֹ֣א ה֓רְח֓יקוּ֒ וְיוֹהֵ֤ף ×Öø×žÖ·×ØÖ™ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×‘Ö¼Öµ×™×ŖÖ”×•Ö¹ קքוּם רְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י ×”ÖøÖ½×Ö²× Öø×©×Ö“Ö‘×™× ×•Ö°×”Ö“×©Ö¼×‚Ö·×’Ö°×ŖÖ¼Öø×Ö™ ×•Ö°×Öø×žÖ·×ØÖ°×ŖÖ¼ÖøÖ£ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם ×œÖøÖ›×žÖ¼Öø×” ×©×Ö“×œÖ¼Ö·×žÖ°×ŖÖ¼Ö¶Ö„× רָעָ֖ה ×ŖÖ¼Ö·Ö„×—Ö·×Ŗ ×˜×•Ö¹×‘ÖøÖ½×”: הֲל֣וֹא זֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר י֓שְׁתֶּ֤ה אֲדֹנ֓י֙ בּ֔וֹ וְה֕וּא נַחֵքשׁ יְנַחֵ֖שׁ בּ֑וֹ ×”Ö²×ØÖµ×¢Ö¹×ŖÖ¶Ö–× אֲשֶׁքר ×¢Ö²×©×‚Ö“×™×ŖÖ¶Ö½×: וַֽיַּשּׂ֓גֵ֑ם וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם ×Ö¶×ŖÖ¾×”Ö·×“Ö¼Ö°×‘Öø×ØÖ“Ö–×™× ×”Öø×ÖµÖ½×œÖ¼Ö¶×”: (בראשית מד,ד-ו)

[40] אֲשֶׁ֨ר ×™Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×¦ÖµÖ„× א֓תּ֛וֹ ×žÖµ×¢Ö²×‘Öø×“Ö¶Ö–×™×šÖø ×•Öø×žÖµÖ‘×Ŗ וְגַם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ × Ö“Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö„×” לַֽאדֹנ֖֓י ×œÖ·×¢Ö²×‘Öø×“Ö“Ö½×™×: ×•Ö·×™Ö¼Ö¹Ö•××žÖ¶×Ø ×’Ö¼Ö·×Ö¾×¢Ö·×ŖÖ¼ÖøÖ„×” ×›Ö°×“Ö“×‘Ö°×ØÖµ×™×›Ö¶Ö–× כֶּן־ה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר ×™Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×¦ÖµÖ¤× א֓תּוֹ֙ י֓הְיֶה־לּ֣֓י עָ֔בֶד ×•Ö°×Ö·×ŖÖ¼Ö¶Ö–× תּ֓הְיքוּ נְק֓יּֽ֓ם: (בראשית מד,ט-י)

[41] ע֓֠ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר ×ŖÖ¼Ö“×žÖ°×¦ÖøÖ£× ×Ö¶×ŖÖ¾×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö¶×™×šÖøÖ˜ לֹ֣א ×™Ö“Ö½×—Ö°×™Ö¶×”Ö’ נֶ֣גֶד אַחֵ֧ינוּ ×”Ö·Ö½×›Ö¼Ö¶×ØÖ¾×œÖ°×šÖøÖ› ×žÖøÖ„×” ×¢Ö“×žÖ¼Öø×“Ö“Ö–×™ ×•Ö°×§Ö·Ö½×—Ö¾×œÖøÖ‘×šÖ° ×•Ö°×œÖ¹Ö½×Ö¾×™Öø×“Ö·Ö£×¢ יַעֲקֹ֔ב ×›Ö¼Ö“Ö„×™ ×ØÖø×—ÖµÖ–×œ ×’Ö¼Ö°× Öø×‘ÖøÖ½×ŖÖ·×: (בראשית לא,לב)

[42] שלפי חלק מו ×”×ž×¤×Ø×©×™× שהוא נחש בהם: ותגנוב ×Ø×—×œ את ×”×Ŗ×Ø×¤×™× – שלא יגידו ויודיעו ללבן כי רוצה יעקב ×œ×‘×Ø×•×—, כעניין ×©× ××ž×Ø: אין אפוד ×•×Ŗ×Ø×¤×™× (הושע ג':ד'), כי ×”×Ŗ×Ø×¤×™× דברו און (זכריה י,ב). ×Ø×’×™×œ×™× היו לקהום בהם. (רשב"ם בראשית לא,יט) \\ וכעין זה באבן עזרא, ברד"×§, בחזקוני, ×‘×Ø×ž×‘"ן, במלבי"ם ובנצי"ב

[43] כּ֤֓י ×¢Ö·×‘Ö°×“Ö¼Ö°×šÖøÖ™ עָרַ֣ב אֶת־הַנַּ֔עַר מֵע֓քם אָב֖֓י ×œÖµ××žÖ¹Ö‘×Ø א֓ם־לֹ֤א אֲב֓יאֶ֙נּוּ֙ ×Öµ×œÖ¶Ö”×™×šÖø ×•Ö°×—Öø×˜ÖøÖ„××ŖÖ“×™ ×œÖ°×Öø×‘Ö“Ö–×™ ×›Ö¼Öø×œÖ¾×”Ö·×™Ö¼Öø×žÖ“Ö½×™×: וְעַתָּ֗ה יֵֽשֶׁב־נָ֤א ×¢Ö·×‘Ö°×“Ö¼Ö°×šÖøÖ™ ×ŖÖ¼Ö·Ö£×—Ö·×Ŗ הַנַּ֔עַר עֶ֖בֶד לַֽאדֹנ֑֓י וְהַנַּ֖עַר יַքעַל ×¢Ö“×Ö¾×Ö¶×—ÖøÖ½×™×•: כּ֓י־אֵיךְ֙ אֶֽעֱלֶ֣ה ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×Öø×‘Ö“Ö”×™ וְהַנַּ֖עַר אֵינֶנּ֣וּ א֓תּ֑֓י פֶּ֚ן אֶרְאֶ֣ה בָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁքר ×™Ö“×žÖ°×¦ÖøÖ–× אֶת־אָבֽ֓י: (בראשית מד,לב-לד)

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