Download Riders Of The Frontier Full Movie In Italian Dubbed In Mp4

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Camel cavalry was a common element in desert warfare throughout history in the Middle East, due in part to the animals' high level of adaptability. They were better suited to working and surviving in arid environments than the horses of conventional cavalry. The smell of the camel, according to Herodotus, alarmed and disoriented horses, making camels an effective anti-cavalry weapon of the Achaemenid Persians in the Battle of Thymbra.[1][2]

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The first recorded use of the camel as a military animal was by the Arab king Gindibu, said to have employed as many as 1,000 camels at the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC. They were reportedly later used in the Battle of Thymbra in 547 BC, between Cyrus the Great of Persia and Croesus of Lydia. According to Xenophon, Cyrus' cavalry was outnumbered by six to one. Acting on information from one of his generals that the Lydian horses shied away from camels, Cyrus formed the camels from his baggage train into an ad hoc camel corps with armed riders replacing packs. Although not technically employed as cavalry, the smell and appearance of the camels were said to be crucial in panicking the Lydian cavalry and turning the battle in Cyrus' favour.[3]

More than sixty years later, Persian king Xerxes I recruited a large number of Arab mercenaries into his massive army during the Second Persian invasion of Greece, all of whom were equipped with bows and mounted on camels. Herodotus noted that the Arab camel cavalry, including a massive force of Libyan charioteers, numbered as many as twenty thousand. Employed from the nomadic tribes of Arabia and Syria, the camel-mounted mercenaries in Persian service fought as skirmishing archers, sometimes riding two to a camel.[4]

The Roman Empire used locally enlisted camel riders along the Arabian frontier during the 2nd century.[6] The first of these was the Ala I Ulpia Dromoedariorum Palmyrenorum, recruited under Emperor Trajan from Palmyra. Arab camel troops or dromedarii were employed during the late Roman Empire for escort, desert policing, and scouting duties.[7] The normal weaponry included long swords of Persian style, bows, and daggers.[8]

The camel was used as a mount by pre-Islamic civilizations in the Arabian Peninsula.[9] As early as the 1st Century AD Nabatean and Palmyrene armies employed camel-mounted infantry and archers recruited from nomadic tribes of Arabian origin.[10] Typically such levies would dismount and fight on foot rather than from camel-back.[11] Extensive use was made of camels during the initial campaigns of Muhammad and his followers.[12] Subsequently, the Arabs used camel-mounted infantry to outmanoeuvre their Sassanid and Byzantine enemies during the Muslim conquests.[13]

Napoleon employed a camel corps for his French campaign in Egypt and Syria. During the late 19th and much of the 20th centuries, camel troops were used for desert policing and patrol work in the British, French, German, Spanish, and Italian colonial armies. Descendants of such units still form part of the modern Moroccan, Egyptian armies, and the paramilitary Indian Border Security Force (see below).

The British-officered Egyptian Camel Corps played a significant role in the 1898 Battle of Omdurman;[14] one of the few occasions during this period when this class of mounted troops took part in substantial numbers in a set-piece battle. The Ottoman Army maintained camel companies as part of its Yemen and Hejaz Corps, both before and during World War I.