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to Sunday Times Teaser Solutions
Hello All,
If n is the number of balls along one side and n+m the number of balls
along the longer side then the size of the base layer is
B = n*(n+m)
and the number of balls in the pile is
T = n*(n+1)*(2n+1+3m)/6 = 10000
The largest B is obtained when m is the smallest number giving an
integer solution for T. I found
Bmax = 24*(24+17) = 984
Incidentally, the tightest packing of the pile is for a base layer
with 60 degree inclination between the sides of the layers --> smaller
area than for rectangular shape. The number of balls in the base layer
remains of course unchaged.