GPS Utility V5.16l
Henri Amazona
In 1989, Land Rover had launched the Discovery its Range Rover-based family 44 that quickly became Europe's top-selling 44.[58] One of the key reasons for its success was its ground-breaking turbo-diesel engine. The 200Tdi was one of the first mass-produced, small-capacity direct-injection diesels,[59] with the attendant improvements in power and efficiency that system brings. Developed under the codename Gemini, the 200Tdi was planned from the start to be used on all Land Rover's products.[13] For production reasons, it had to be machined on the existing machinery, so used the same block and crankshaft as the existing 2.5-litre diesel engines. It also used many ancillary parts used on the older engines.[60][61] An aluminium alloy cylinder head reduced weight and noise, a new Bosch injection system gave improved running characteristics and better starting performance. An intercooler boosted power and efficiency further. Lessons learnt from the Diesel Turbo were included, such as the fitment of an inertial separator in the breather system to remove oil before crankcase gases were returned to the air intake. Initially turbocharged and naturally aspirated diesel versions and a carburettor-fed petrol version were to be produced. The direct-injection system meant that only machining of the injector sockets was needed to allow the fitment of spark plugs. However, the performance and economy of the turbodiesel version was such that the other variants were not produced.[13] The 200Tdi was launched in the Discovery in 1989. It was then fitted to the utility Land Rover (renamed the Defender) in late 1990.[62] For this application, the engine was slightly detuned. In the Discovery the 200Tdi used all-new components, but packaging restraints in the Defender meant that the 200Tdi in this role shared many exterior parts (such as the timing belt system and case) with the Diesel Turbo. Most obviously, the turbocharger was retained in the Diesel Turbo's high mounting position on top of the manifolds in the Defender, rather than being tucked under the manifolds in the original Discovery version.[63] In 1992, the engine was fitted to the Range Rover. In the Range Rover it has a 14L engine number. Although the older petrol and naturally aspirated diesel units were theoretically still available, the 200Tdi had better performance and economy than either of them, so dominated the sales figures.[64] It is still highly regarded by Land Rover enthusiasts and has established itself as a powerful and long-lived unit that with proper maintenance can exceed 300,000 miles (480,000 km) of use.[63][65][66]
The association analyses demonstrate the utility of the diversity set and the accompanying LKAM panel. One must remember that the associations identified are likely to be indirect associations (proxy SNPs) with genes in the vicinity of the markers; however, it is clear that resistance to N. ribisnigri has a polygenic nature and that differences in plant genotype seem to influence the proportion of morph types.
The utility of the lettuce DS was demonstrated by screening for resistance to currant-lettuce aphid N. ribisnigri, at different stages of development. The wild species L. virosa (CGN15677) was the most resistant to all aphid morph stages, consistent with L. virosa being the original source of Nr (Cid et al. 2012; Eenink et al. 1982a; McCreight and Liu 2012). CGN15677 may therefore possess the same Nr allele that has been incorporated into modern lettuce cultivars. However, since this line is more resistant than all other lines, some of which are expected to contain Nr, suggesting that this line may contain alternative or additional alleles that further enhance resistance.
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