Stainless Steel 21-6-9

[Eustacio Gadit]

216-9 stainless aerospace tubing is a high manganese nitrogen strengthened, austenitic stainless steel with high strength in the annealed condition, excellent resistance to oxidation at high temperatures , good resistance to lead oxide and a high level of corrosion resistance at ambient temperatures. Applications include aircraft components, steam and autoclave parts, chemical and pollution control equipment.

21-6-9 is a nitrogen strengthened austenitic stainless steel with high manganese content. The alloy possesses many wanted properties, such as outstanding resistance to oxidation at higher temperatures in the annealed condition, good resistance to molten lead oxide corrosion, and exceptional air corrosion resistance.

Due to the higher initial yield and high work-hardening rate, Stainless Steel 21-6-9 has similar workability properties to Stainless Steel 301, 302, 304, and 316. That said, the alloy requires a higher force for forming parts than those stainless steel alloys. 21-6-9 stays non-magnetic, even after severe cold work.

Thanks to the high mechanical strength of 21-6-9, the alloy is primarily used for the manufacturing of components in the aircraft industry. These parts mostly include hydraulic tubes, but also for engine parts. Meanwhile, Stainless Steel 21-6-9 also has excellent impact toughness at cryogenic temperatures, down to -382 F (-230 C).

Stainless Steel 21-6-9 can be readily welded using shielded fusion and resistance welding, using a fitting filler metal. Oxyacetylene welding should be avoided to minimize carbon buildup in the weld.

Nitronic 40 (21-6-9) is a high-manganese nitrogen strengthened stainless steel. Nitronic 40 properties include high strength in the annealed condition, excellent resistance to corrosion at high temperatures, readily weldable and it can also be fabricated. Nitronic 40 is used in a numerous applications including aircraft engine components, chemical processing, pollution control equipment.

Disclaimer

Every effort is made to ensure that technical specifications are accurate. However, technical specifications included herein should be used as a guideline only. All specifications are subject to change without notice.

21Cr-6Ni-9Mn is a high maganesenitrogen strengthened, austenitic stainless steel that combines highstrength in the annealed condition, excellent resistance to oxidationat high temperatures, good resistance to lead oxide and a high levelof corrosion resistance at ambient temperatures. The alloy can befabricated and formed much the same as Type 304 and 316, and isreadily weldable. It remains nonmagnetic after severe coldwork.

21Cr-6Ni-9Mn has been used for chemical process andpollution-control equipment, steam and autoclave applications, andvarious aircraft engine components, as well as numerous otherapplications.

21Cr-6Ni-9Mn has corrosion resistanceapproaching that of Type 304L. Its low carbon content providesresistance to intergranular corrosion even in the welded condition.For optimum corrosion resistance, surfaces must be free of scale andforeign particles and finished parts should be passivated.

Stress Relieving

Stressrelieving is used to achieve best all-around properties and foroperating temperatures below 1300F. The temperature range forstress relieving is 900/1400F. Temperatures between 900 and1250F will have little effect on the mechanical properties ofcold reduced material unless the percent cold reduction is high; thenslight increases or decreases in strength will occur. Above 1250F,the change in mechanical properites will occur more rapidly; atemperature of 1500F begins to cause rapid softening. The properstress relief treatment should be selected carefully in order toproduce the desired strength levels.

Annealing

Annealingis used for best stress rupture life and for operating temperaturesbetween 1300 and 1600F. The alloy is not recommended for serviceabove 1600F. Also, annealing softens the alloy for maximumformability. After the annealing the strength of the material can beincreased only by hot/cold working or cold working.

Annealing isgenerally done in the temperature range of 1800/2150F. Graincoarsing will occur at the higher temperatures. Lower temperaturessuch as 1650F can be used; the temperature must be selectedaccording to the degree of softening required and grain sizerestrictions.

Hot Working

21Cr-6Ni-9Mncan be forged, hot rolled, hot headed and upset. An initial forgingtemperature of 2100/2200F is normally used. Preheating to anintermediate temperature is not required. Forging can be rapidlycooled without danger of cracking. This alloy can be hot worked aslow as 1200F, and is not susceptible to hot shortness in theentire working range. For best corrosion resistance, anneal afterforging.

Hot/Cold Working

This alloyis a solution strengthened alloy and cannot be strengthened by heattreatment. Hot/cold working or cold working can be employed tostrengthen this alloy. Hot/cold working is normally done in thetemperature range of 1200/1500F ; reductions in the order of 10to 14% are used and the percent used is dependent on the strengthlevel required. A stress relief of 900/1400F is normally appliedafter hot/cold working operations. Heat treatment of hot/cold workedmaterial, as discussed in the preceding section, will aid inadjusting mechanical properties to the desired levels.

Welding

21Cr-6Ni-9Mn can besatisfactorily welded by the shielded fusion and resistance weldingprocesses. Oxyacetylene welding is not recommended., since carbonpickup in the weld may occur. When a filler metal is required,consider AWS E/ER219 welding consumables which should provide weldswith strength approaching that of the base metal. If high weldstrength is not necessary, then E/ER309 should be considered.Resistance to intergranular corrosion can be restored by a postweldannealing treatment.

Stainless steels are called as high-alloy steels. They have highcorrosion resistance than other steels due to the presence of largeamounts of chromium in the range of 4-30%. Based on their crystallinestructure, stainless steels are divided into martensitic, ferritic andaustenitic. They are divided into another group known asprecipitation-hardened steels, which are a combination of martensiticand austenitic steels.

The yield strength of grade 21-6-9 stainless steel is double that ofother conventional stainless steels. This has to be taken intoconsideration while choosing required forming pressures and techniques.

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N40 is a high manganese, high nitrogen, austenitic stainless steel melted as AOD or AOD + ESR melt type. This alloy offers excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and has good strength in the annealed condition. This grade also has excellent toughness at cryogenic temperatures. N40 is used in a number of different applications such as aircraft engine parts and chemical processing.

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Fry Alloy 40 is an austenitic high-manganese stainless steel with high strength and excellent resistance to corrosion at high temperatures. Alloy 40 can be fabricated and readily weldable. This material is typically used for parts requiring high strength and corrosion resistance from -425 to 1100 F (-254 to 593 C) and where parts may require welding during fabrication. This alloy is used for chemical processing, pollution control equipment and various aircraft engine components. (UNS S21900)

Alloy 21-6-9 is an austenitic stainless steel with high strength, thermal stability at high temperatures, and retained toughness at cryogenic temperatures. This type of steel has been used for aerospace applications for decades, using traditional manufacturing processes. However, limited research has been conducted on this alloy manufactured using laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF). Therefore, in this work, a design of experiment (DOE) was performed to obtain optimized process parameters with regard to low porosity. Once the optimized parameters were established, horizontal and vertical blanks were built to investigate the mechanical properties and potential anisotropic behavior. As this alloy is exposed to elevated temperatures in industrial applications, the effect of elevated temperatures (room temperature and 750 degrees C) on the tensile properties was investigated. In this work, it was shown that alloy 21-6-9 could be built successfully using LPBF, with good properties and a density of 99.7%, having an ultimate tensile strength of 825 MPa, with an elongation of 41%, and without any significant anisotropic behavior.

Nitronic 40 is a high-manganese stainless steel with high strength and excellent resistance to corrosion at high temperatures. Nitronic 40 can be fabricated and readily weldable. Nitronic 40 has been used for chemical processing, pollution control equipment and various aircraft engine components.

Characteristics

NITRONIC 30 is highly impact-resistant, which makes it ideal for a range of heavy duty applications. Already proven to be the endurance leader in coal handling equipment and prep plants, NITRONIC 30 will last up to twice as lo

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